3-8. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine.
【譯文】
當地的那些小旅館一般都骯臟且跳蚤猖獗。單調的食物是當地乳酪配以常常已放了一年之久的面包，人們就著劣酒吞下這種食物。
【講解】
as there were作定語從句修飾inns，as乃關系代詞。the food simply…中food和simply中間，all與washed中間都省略了was。請注意，在幾個并列分句中，第一個分句中用了be，后面分句中的be可以省略，
例如：
There are two requisites in interpretation：one is accuracy and the other（is）expressiveness.
口譯要求有二：準確和明晰。
accompanied by bread often twelve months old是過去分詞短語，作cheese的定語。often twelve months old作定語，修飾bread。
【單詞和短語】
accompany：伴隨，和……一起發(fā)生（to happen or exist at the same time as something else），
例如:
fever accompanied with delirium伴有昏迷的發(fā)燒
3-9. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could—sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.
【譯文】
山谷里常沒有小旅館，登山者只好隨遇而安——或與當地牧師（他們通常和其教區(qū)居民一樣窮）住在一起，或與牧羊人或制乳酪者住在一起。
【講解】
wherever they could作地點狀語，修飾found。could后省略了find shelter。sometimes with兩詞之間省略了they found shelter。found shelter with…與……住在一起，這里的破折號引出被強調的部分。
【單詞和短語】
boast：以擁有……而自豪（if a place, object, or organization boasts something, it has something that is very good），
例如：
A fishing village 30 years ago, it now boasts 150 major hotels.
那地方30年前還是個漁村，現已為擁有150家大賓館而自豪。
3-10. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable.
【譯文】
這些山村的基調總是一樣的：骯且窮，極不舒適。
【講解】
same后的冒號引出同位語。dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable作the same的同位語。
【單詞和短語】
invariable: 始終如一的，恒定不變的（always happening in the same way, at the same time etc.），
例如：
It’s my invariable habit to take a nap.
睡午覺是我的*慣。
invariably是invariable的副詞形式。
3-11. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.
【譯文】
對過慣了在家里一餐吃七道菜、睡亞麻細布床單的的人來說，到阿爾卑斯山所帶來的變化想來一定太難熬了。
【講解】
accustomed to…at home作定語修飾men。
【單詞和短語】
be accustomed to（doing/do）something：習慣于做某事（to be familiar with something and accept it as normal），
例如：
We are accustomed to working/work hard.
我們習慣于努力工作。
My eyes soon grew accustomed to the darkness.
我的雙眼很快適應了黑暗。
course：（一）道（菜）（one of the separate parts of a meal），例如：
The first course was soup.
第一道是湯。