第一冊新概念英語第1-60課語法總結(jié)

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代詞用法總結(jié) 典型例句及用法: Ilike basketball.(人稱代詞的主格做主語) It’s me(表語). /He likes me(賓語).(人稱代詞的賓格做表語和賓語) Thisis my book. (形容詞性物主代詞后面必須接名詞) Thisbook is mine.(名詞性物主代詞后面決不可加名詞) 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問句是就句中某一部分提問的疑問句。它的構(gòu)成是:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)。讀的時候用降調(diào)。特殊疑問句與一般疑問句的區(qū)別在于:特殊疑問句不可以用yes或no來回答,一般疑問句則用yes或no來回答。比如:What make is it? 它是什么牌子的?回答是:It is Toyota. 它是豐田。 而不可以說:Yes, it is Toyota. 常用的特殊疑問詞有: 疑問代詞:what什么,who誰,which哪個人/哪件事,whose誰的,whom誰。 疑問副詞:when何時,where何地,why為什么,how如何,how much多少,howmany多少,how long多久,how old多大年紀(jì),how far多遠,how big多大 疑問形容詞:what ,which ,whose+名詞 Eg: Whois there? 誰在那兒? Whichbook is his? 哪本書是他的? What ishis father? 他父親是干什么的? Whose bagis that? 那是誰的包? How oldare you? 你多大年紀(jì)了? 祈使句 1. 表命令,請求,叮囑的句子叫做祈使句。它通常省略主語,以動詞原形直接開頭。 Eg:Come with me, please. Stand up,please. Open thewindow, please! 2. 祈使句便否定形式是在祈使句的開頭加Don’t。 Eg:Don’t talk to me like that. Don’t worry. Don’t swim in the river. 3. 祈使句的句前或句末常常加上please,以使語氣更加緩和,客氣。 Eg:Open the door, please! Pleasecome this way. Be quiet! 定冠詞the的用法 1. 特指雙方都明白的人和物: The cookis in the kitchen. She isthe nurse. 2. 上文提到過的人或事: There isa coat on the bed. The coat is Anne’s. There isa bottle in the refrigerator. The bottle is empty. 3. 指世上獨一無二的事物: The sunis very bright. The sky is blue. The moonis round and full. The earth is my home. some 和any的用法 some和any都有“一些”的含義,都能修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,但用法卻大有不同。 1. some一般用在肯定句中。比如: There aresome girls in the classroom. He hassome good friends. 2.some有時也用于疑問句,表示期望得到肯定回答,并表示對某事有疑問。比如: Canyou give me some milk? 3.any一般用于疑問句和否定句中。比如: Arethere any maps on the wall? Therearen’t any trees behind the house. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 1.There be句式表示“有”時,它表示一種存在關(guān)系,通常帶有一個地點狀語,意為“在某處或某時有…”。比如: Thereis a blackboard in the classroom. Thereare two empty bottles on the desk. 2.該句式中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于be動詞后面的名詞:be后面的名詞是單數(shù),be動詞就用is,be動詞后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),be動詞就用are。比如: Thereis a smart boy in the room. Thereare three red apples on the table. 3.如果該句式的主語是由幾個名詞并列構(gòu)成,則按就近原則處理,即與靠近be動詞的第一個主語保持一致。比如: Thereis a book, a dictionary and two pens on the desk. Thereare two pens, a book and a dictionary on the desk. 4.There be句式變疑問句時,只需要把be動詞提到there的前面久可以了。比如: Isthere a policeman in the room? Yes,there is. / No, there isn’t. 5.There be句式邊否定時,只需要在be動詞后面加not即可。比如: Thereis not an ice cream in the box. 現(xiàn)在進行時 1.什么時候用現(xiàn)在進行時? ① 表示說話時正在發(fā)生或進行著的動作。比如: She is drinking milk now. ② 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行二說話時不一定正在進行的動作。比如: Iam knitting a sweater for my husband. ③ 表示即將發(fā)生的動作,尤其是在最近按計劃安排好要發(fā)生的動作。這種用法的動詞主要限于come,go,leave,start,arrive等動詞。比如: Theyare going to Shanghai on Friday. Iam coming now. 2.現(xiàn)在進行時的謂語部分是怎么構(gòu)成的? am/is / are + 現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing) 3.現(xiàn)在進行時常和哪些副詞連用? 現(xiàn)在進行時常與now,at themoment(此時此刻),always,continually或者constantly等副詞連用,表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的習(xí)慣性的動作。比如: She is making the bed now. 4.現(xiàn)在進行時句子如何變否定句? 在句子的“be”動詞后面加“not”可把句子變?yōu)榉穸ň洹?Weare not talking in the living room. Heis not sleeping on the bed. 5.現(xiàn)在進行時的句子如何邊疑問句? 將句子的“be”動詞大寫提前,可以吧句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?。比如?Isshe running after her boss? Arethey eating dinner at the table? 一般將來時 1.什么時候用be going to 構(gòu)成的一般將來時? ① 事先進過考慮,安排近期要做的事情。比如: Theyare going to the park this weekend. ② 根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷某事非常有可能發(fā)生。比如: Whatbad weather! It is going to snow tomorrow. 2.常與be going to搭配的時間副詞或者詞組有哪些? begoing to 常常與表示將來的時間愛你信息詞如this afternoon, tomorrow, theday afrer tomorrow以及next系列時間短語等連用。 3.be going to 句型變化有哪些? ① be going to 的否定式是在助詞be后加not,即:主語 + be + not + going to + do + ….比如: Peteris not going to make a model ship. ② be going to 的疑問式是把助動詞be移到句首,即:be + 主語+ going to + do + …?比如: Areyou going to mend his chair soon? Yes,I am. / No, I am mot. 一般現(xiàn)在時 1.什么時候用一般現(xiàn)在時? ① 表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。比如: Iget up early every day. Ileave home for school at 7 every morning. ② 表示客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實。 Thesun rises in the east. Thereare 24 hours in a day. 2.一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成: 肯定句:主語 + 動詞…(主語第三人稱單數(shù)) He/She /It + 動詞-s/-es + 動詞… 否定句:主語 + do not(= don’t) + 動詞… 主語(第三人稱單數(shù))+ does not(= doesn’t)+ 動詞… 疑問句:Do + 主語 + 動詞…? Does+ 主語(第三人人稱單數(shù))+ 動詞…? Idon’t get up early every day. Doeshe get up early every day? 3.常常跟一般現(xiàn)在時連用的時間狀語有:often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, onSunday. 比如: Shegets up at six every day. Wegot there once a week.