一、生詞講解
1、manual adj.體力的 （= physical adj.身體的, 物質(zhì)的）
manual work 體力工作
mental work 腦力工作
physical training 體格訓(xùn)練
Emotional quality情商
Intellectual quality 智商
2、collar n.衣領(lǐng)
white-collar adj.白領(lǐng)階層的, 腦力勞動(dòng)者（those who do mental work）
blue-collar adj藍(lán)領(lǐng)階級(jí)的, 工人階級(jí)的（those who do manual work）
get hot under the collar 怒氣沖天
-- He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at him.
3、sacrifice vt.犧牲，獻(xiàn)出 （to give up for good purpose）
-- sacrifice one's life for the country
-- sacrifice time
sacrifice n.犧牲 （-- make many sacrifices）
4、privilege n.好處 （= advantage n.優(yōu)勢(shì), 有利條件, 利益）
-- sacrifice one's advantage/privilege 犧牲掉某人的好處
privilege n.特權(quán), 特別待遇（= special right）
-- give sb the privilege of doing sth 特許某人做某事
privileged a.榮幸的
-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.
5、dustman n.清潔工
6、corporation n.公司
company, corporation, firm
這些名詞均可表示"公司"之意。
company : 多指生產(chǎn)或銷售產(chǎn)品的公司、商號(hào)，也可指經(jīng)辦服務(wù)性項(xiàng)目的公司。
corporation : 多指一個(gè)人擁有或多人聯(lián)辦的大公司，也指在其它地區(qū)或國家擁有分公司的公司。
firm : 含義廣泛，可指公司、商行或商號(hào)。規(guī)?？纱罂尚?，經(jīng)營(yíng)、管理的人員可多可少。
compare, compare to, compare with, contrast
這些動(dòng)詞(短語)均含"比較"之意。
compare : 側(cè)重比較兩個(gè)或更多東西的異同優(yōu)劣，強(qiáng)調(diào)相同或類似之處。
compare to : 指兩物有類似或相似之處，從而"把(一物)比作(另一物)。"
compare with : 指"把……用……作比較"以便找出差異或好壞。
contrast : 指比較兩個(gè)或更多東西之間的差異，側(cè)重不同點(diǎn)。
7、overalls n.工作服
8、shower n.淋浴
9、secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隱秘的
10、Confidential adj.機(jī)密的
keep secret 保密
-- It's between you and me. 此事只介于你我之間。
-- I'll keep it to myself. 我會(huì)保守秘密的。
in secret 私下里（= secretly, in private, privately） -- I was told about it in secret.
in the secret 知道內(nèi)情 -- He was in the secret from the beginning
11、status n.地位（= social position）
statue n.雕像, 塑像
12、rise n.發(fā)生, 出現(xiàn)
13、loss n.損失
14、fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的
二、詞組和課文
1、People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers' for the
simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.
refer to...as = regard...as 把...看作為
-- I always refer to him as bookworm（n.書呆子）
拓展：are regard to
Are thought of
Are described of
寫作拓展：
醫(yī)院離得人都經(jīng)常被稱為angel in white ，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的道理就是他們穿著white gown and white cap 去工作。
People who work in hospital are frequently referred to as "angel in white' for the
simple reason that they usually wear white gown and white cap to go to work.
for the simple reason = for 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句
for the reason that多用于正式文體，because多用于口語中。
-- He is refer to as a book worm for the simple reason that he spare no efforts reading.
-- He was send to prison for he could not pay his debts.
2、Such is human nature that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for
the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
human nature 人性
such...that... （that引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明such的基本內(nèi)涵）
-- His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
= Such was his kindness that… （such在句首要倒裝）
= He was so kind that we will never forget him.
-- Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.
寫作拓展：
1/Such is 人性that 這么多人are 心甘情愿to sacrifice人的尊嚴(yán)for the privilege of 稱為一個(gè)yangren。
Such is human nature that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice human dignity for the privilege of becoming yangren.
2/Such is 人性that 這么多父母are 心甘情愿to sacrifice孩子們的whole childhood 為了爭(zhēng)the privilege of 稱為一個(gè)天才。
Such is human nature that a great many parents are often willing to sacrifice children's whole childhood for the privilege of becoming a prodigy.
介詞for表示一種目的
be willing to do sth = be ready to do sth 心甘情愿做
3、in the case of 就...來說, 關(guān)于, 就...而言 （= concerning prep.關(guān)于, 涉及, 就...說）
-- Stealing is no shame in the case of him. 偷竊對(duì)他來說不是一件可恥的事。
in case of（副詞）萬一, 以防 à （in case conj.萬一）
-- You should ensure your house in case of fire. （ensure vt.保證; 擔(dān)保, 保險(xiǎn)）
-- Take umbrella in case of rain 帶上雨傘以防下雨。
4、When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.
too embarrassed to say 太尷尬而沒有說明
be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 慚愧
-- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.
marry 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 （-- He married the girl. 他娶了這個(gè)女孩。）
get married 強(qiáng)調(diào)過程（-- Last year they got married.）
be married to sb 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)（-- The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years.）
5、changed into 換上 / change back into 換回
Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.
dressed in a smart black suit --形容詞短語表示一種狀態(tài)
-- He go to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
-- He left home wearing a smart black suit.
He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.
6、give rise to =（lead to v.導(dǎo)致, 通向）（cause vt.引起, 惹起）（result in v.導(dǎo)致）
This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as
a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
-- Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 這種行為會(huì)引起誤解。
-- The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的環(huán)境引起了犯罪。
三、本課語法
1、Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into his suit.
Before returning home = Before he returned home
Before和動(dòng)名詞搭配, 相當(dāng)于Before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。
如果運(yùn)用動(dòng)名詞形式，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語必須是主句的主語
-- After getting home, he had a good rest.
-- Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.
2、Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf
has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office.
she never will = she will never discover the secret
在省略句式中, never要放在助動(dòng)詞之前
-- "will you go to see her?"
-- "I will never to to see her" = "No, I never will."
這句話含有情感承接，這種句子在西方生活的典型特征就是，前后兩個(gè)點(diǎn)連接的nature but logical ，后面的話是為了給前面做總結(jié)。
I 've never been able feel the wonder of language and I still can't.
I never loved that movie and I still don't.
3、He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well
worth the loss of money.
half as much as
half / a quarter / twice / three times + as...as... 表示倍數(shù)
-- I won't marry a man who is twice as old as me.
-- We got three times as many people as we expected.
-- This room is about three times as large as that one.
是...的幾倍：...as +形容詞或副詞原形+ as...
比...多幾倍：...times +形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+ than…
-- This road is four times longer than that one. = This road is five times as long as that one.
4、兩類詞匯：
1>tell, give等動(dòng)詞可以和雙賓語搭配（指物的直接賓語，指人的間接賓語）
-- He told a story to me. = He told me a story .
2>explain, say等動(dòng)詞只能代一個(gè)(直接)賓語, 在間接賓語前要用介詞to
-- He explain the difficult to me. / He said nothing to me.
-- She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.
-- He admitted his guilt to the police.（guilt n.罪行, 內(nèi)疚）
-- Did you suggest this idea to him?
當(dāng)直接賓語比較長(zhǎng)或者是個(gè)從句時(shí), 通常放在間接賓語之后（但say除外）
-- I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.
= I explained the impossibility of granting his request to him.
-- He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.
= He confessed that he had fallen asleep during the meeting to me.
試題：
1. The artist said that he hoped______ drawing the picture soon.
A. his son to finish B. to finish C. finishing D. his son will finish
2. Jim's father said to him,"I hope you ____ what I _____ you to buy."
A. didn't forget; told B. no to forget; have told
C. won't forget; have told D. haven't forgotten; will tell
試題答案和較詳細(xì)語法回復(fù)可見
1、 解析：不可用復(fù)合賓語，A不對(duì);不可用ing形式，C不對(duì); D 時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，所以選擇B.
2、 解析：不可跟復(fù)合賓語A、B錯(cuò);D 時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，C 賓語從句，時(shí)態(tài)也對(duì);
(1) 從動(dòng)詞上區(qū)分。
一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟雙賓語，這類動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，show，bring，read，pass，lend，tell，leave，teach，write，buy，sing等。例如：
The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老師給他們每人一塊橡皮。
一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟復(fù)合賓語，這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。例如：
We must keep the classroom clean.我們必須保持教室清潔。
(2)從充當(dāng)這兩個(gè)成分的詞的詞性上來區(qū)分
在雙賓語中，能充當(dāng)間接賓語或是直接賓語的一般是名詞或代詞。而在復(fù)合賓語中，能充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語成分的則較多，如名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)和分詞(短語)。例如：
She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(雙賓語)
He gave Tom(n.) a piece of paper(n.).(雙賓語)
We call him Lao Li(n.).(復(fù)合賓語)
Don't keep the light on(adv.).(復(fù)合賓語)
They must keep their hands behind their backs(介詞短語).(復(fù)合賓語)
I won't let you try again(不定式短語).(復(fù)合賓語)
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(過去分詞).(復(fù)合賓語)
3)從構(gòu)成賓語的間接賓語和直接賓語之間與構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語的賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間的關(guān)系上區(qū)分。
在雙賓語中，兩個(gè)賓語間的關(guān)系比較松散，有的句子去掉其中一個(gè)賓語，句子仍然成立。雙賓語一般表示"為誰(forsb.)或給誰(to sb.)……"，即"及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語"的結(jié)構(gòu)可以改寫為"及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語+for sb.或to sb."的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Please show me your new book.→Please show yournew book to me.請(qǐng)給我看看你的新書。
She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought sometomatoes for me.她給我買了一些西紅柿。
賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間關(guān)系比較緊密，去掉其中一個(gè)成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且當(dāng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，和賓語之間具有"主系表關(guān)系";當(dāng)不定式(短語)或分詞(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，和賓語之間具有"主謂關(guān)系"。例如：
We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)
We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)
You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)
I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)
He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hoursa day.)
we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing inthe room.)
表語是出現(xiàn)在表語從句中，例如" That is what it is. The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 句中的is就是表語。那表語還有am，are等。
再給你舉一些例子。 What I know is that he can't do it.我所知道的是他不會(huì)做這見事。 It looks as if(though)it is going to rain.天好象要下雨似的。
以it作形式主語，把主語從句后置的常用的句型有：
(1)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
(2)It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句
(3)It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句
(4)It seem, happen等不及物動(dòng)詞 + that從句
形式賓語就是它并不是真正的賓語,而是用IT來代替的,這句話中TRAVEL AROUND是真正的賓語,為了不使句子有頭重腳輕的感覺,所以賓語后至,但前邊必須加個(gè)形式賓語.這句話若不使用形式賓語為i lei finds travling around the city is hard beacause he dosen't know the way.
1、manual adj.體力的 （= physical adj.身體的, 物質(zhì)的）
manual work 體力工作
mental work 腦力工作
physical training 體格訓(xùn)練
Emotional quality情商
Intellectual quality 智商
2、collar n.衣領(lǐng)
white-collar adj.白領(lǐng)階層的, 腦力勞動(dòng)者（those who do mental work）
blue-collar adj藍(lán)領(lǐng)階級(jí)的, 工人階級(jí)的（those who do manual work）
get hot under the collar 怒氣沖天
-- He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at him.
3、sacrifice vt.犧牲，獻(xiàn)出 （to give up for good purpose）
-- sacrifice one's life for the country
-- sacrifice time
sacrifice n.犧牲 （-- make many sacrifices）
4、privilege n.好處 （= advantage n.優(yōu)勢(shì), 有利條件, 利益）
-- sacrifice one's advantage/privilege 犧牲掉某人的好處
privilege n.特權(quán), 特別待遇（= special right）
-- give sb the privilege of doing sth 特許某人做某事
privileged a.榮幸的
-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.
5、dustman n.清潔工
6、corporation n.公司
company, corporation, firm
這些名詞均可表示"公司"之意。
company : 多指生產(chǎn)或銷售產(chǎn)品的公司、商號(hào)，也可指經(jīng)辦服務(wù)性項(xiàng)目的公司。
corporation : 多指一個(gè)人擁有或多人聯(lián)辦的大公司，也指在其它地區(qū)或國家擁有分公司的公司。
firm : 含義廣泛，可指公司、商行或商號(hào)。規(guī)?？纱罂尚?，經(jīng)營(yíng)、管理的人員可多可少。
compare, compare to, compare with, contrast
這些動(dòng)詞(短語)均含"比較"之意。
compare : 側(cè)重比較兩個(gè)或更多東西的異同優(yōu)劣，強(qiáng)調(diào)相同或類似之處。
compare to : 指兩物有類似或相似之處，從而"把(一物)比作(另一物)。"
compare with : 指"把……用……作比較"以便找出差異或好壞。
contrast : 指比較兩個(gè)或更多東西之間的差異，側(cè)重不同點(diǎn)。
7、overalls n.工作服
8、shower n.淋浴
9、secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隱秘的
10、Confidential adj.機(jī)密的
keep secret 保密
-- It's between you and me. 此事只介于你我之間。
-- I'll keep it to myself. 我會(huì)保守秘密的。
in secret 私下里（= secretly, in private, privately） -- I was told about it in secret.
in the secret 知道內(nèi)情 -- He was in the secret from the beginning
11、status n.地位（= social position）
statue n.雕像, 塑像
12、rise n.發(fā)生, 出現(xiàn)
13、loss n.損失
14、fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的
二、詞組和課文
1、People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers' for the
simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.
refer to...as = regard...as 把...看作為
-- I always refer to him as bookworm（n.書呆子）
拓展：are regard to
Are thought of
Are described of
寫作拓展：
醫(yī)院離得人都經(jīng)常被稱為angel in white ，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的道理就是他們穿著white gown and white cap 去工作。
People who work in hospital are frequently referred to as "angel in white' for the
simple reason that they usually wear white gown and white cap to go to work.
for the simple reason = for 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句
for the reason that多用于正式文體，because多用于口語中。
-- He is refer to as a book worm for the simple reason that he spare no efforts reading.
-- He was send to prison for he could not pay his debts.
2、Such is human nature that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for
the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
human nature 人性
such...that... （that引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明such的基本內(nèi)涵）
-- His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
= Such was his kindness that… （such在句首要倒裝）
= He was so kind that we will never forget him.
-- Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.
寫作拓展：
1/Such is 人性that 這么多人are 心甘情愿to sacrifice人的尊嚴(yán)for the privilege of 稱為一個(gè)yangren。
Such is human nature that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice human dignity for the privilege of becoming yangren.
2/Such is 人性that 這么多父母are 心甘情愿to sacrifice孩子們的whole childhood 為了爭(zhēng)the privilege of 稱為一個(gè)天才。
Such is human nature that a great many parents are often willing to sacrifice children's whole childhood for the privilege of becoming a prodigy.
介詞for表示一種目的
be willing to do sth = be ready to do sth 心甘情愿做
3、in the case of 就...來說, 關(guān)于, 就...而言 （= concerning prep.關(guān)于, 涉及, 就...說）
-- Stealing is no shame in the case of him. 偷竊對(duì)他來說不是一件可恥的事。
in case of（副詞）萬一, 以防 à （in case conj.萬一）
-- You should ensure your house in case of fire. （ensure vt.保證; 擔(dān)保, 保險(xiǎn)）
-- Take umbrella in case of rain 帶上雨傘以防下雨。
4、When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.
too embarrassed to say 太尷尬而沒有說明
be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 慚愧
-- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.
marry 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 （-- He married the girl. 他娶了這個(gè)女孩。）
get married 強(qiáng)調(diào)過程（-- Last year they got married.）
be married to sb 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)（-- The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years.）
5、changed into 換上 / change back into 換回
Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.
dressed in a smart black suit --形容詞短語表示一種狀態(tài)
-- He go to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
-- He left home wearing a smart black suit.
He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.
6、give rise to =（lead to v.導(dǎo)致, 通向）（cause vt.引起, 惹起）（result in v.導(dǎo)致）
This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as
a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
-- Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 這種行為會(huì)引起誤解。
-- The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的環(huán)境引起了犯罪。
三、本課語法
1、Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into his suit.
Before returning home = Before he returned home
Before和動(dòng)名詞搭配, 相當(dāng)于Before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。
如果運(yùn)用動(dòng)名詞形式，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語必須是主句的主語
-- After getting home, he had a good rest.
-- Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.
2、Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf
has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office.
she never will = she will never discover the secret
在省略句式中, never要放在助動(dòng)詞之前
-- "will you go to see her?"
-- "I will never to to see her" = "No, I never will."
這句話含有情感承接，這種句子在西方生活的典型特征就是，前后兩個(gè)點(diǎn)連接的nature but logical ，后面的話是為了給前面做總結(jié)。
I 've never been able feel the wonder of language and I still can't.
I never loved that movie and I still don't.
3、He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well
worth the loss of money.
half as much as
half / a quarter / twice / three times + as...as... 表示倍數(shù)
-- I won't marry a man who is twice as old as me.
-- We got three times as many people as we expected.
-- This room is about three times as large as that one.
是...的幾倍：...as +形容詞或副詞原形+ as...
比...多幾倍：...times +形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+ than…
-- This road is four times longer than that one. = This road is five times as long as that one.
4、兩類詞匯：
1>tell, give等動(dòng)詞可以和雙賓語搭配（指物的直接賓語，指人的間接賓語）
-- He told a story to me. = He told me a story .
2>explain, say等動(dòng)詞只能代一個(gè)(直接)賓語, 在間接賓語前要用介詞to
-- He explain the difficult to me. / He said nothing to me.
-- She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.
-- He admitted his guilt to the police.（guilt n.罪行, 內(nèi)疚）
-- Did you suggest this idea to him?
當(dāng)直接賓語比較長(zhǎng)或者是個(gè)從句時(shí), 通常放在間接賓語之后（但say除外）
-- I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.
= I explained the impossibility of granting his request to him.
-- He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.
= He confessed that he had fallen asleep during the meeting to me.
試題：
1. The artist said that he hoped______ drawing the picture soon.
A. his son to finish B. to finish C. finishing D. his son will finish
2. Jim's father said to him,"I hope you ____ what I _____ you to buy."
A. didn't forget; told B. no to forget; have told
C. won't forget; have told D. haven't forgotten; will tell
試題答案和較詳細(xì)語法回復(fù)可見
1、 解析：不可用復(fù)合賓語，A不對(duì);不可用ing形式，C不對(duì); D 時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，所以選擇B.
2、 解析：不可跟復(fù)合賓語A、B錯(cuò);D 時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，C 賓語從句，時(shí)態(tài)也對(duì);
(1) 從動(dòng)詞上區(qū)分。
一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟雙賓語，這類動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，show，bring，read，pass，lend，tell，leave，teach，write，buy，sing等。例如：
The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老師給他們每人一塊橡皮。
一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟復(fù)合賓語，這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。例如：
We must keep the classroom clean.我們必須保持教室清潔。
(2)從充當(dāng)這兩個(gè)成分的詞的詞性上來區(qū)分
在雙賓語中，能充當(dāng)間接賓語或是直接賓語的一般是名詞或代詞。而在復(fù)合賓語中，能充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語成分的則較多，如名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)和分詞(短語)。例如：
She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(雙賓語)
He gave Tom(n.) a piece of paper(n.).(雙賓語)
We call him Lao Li(n.).(復(fù)合賓語)
Don't keep the light on(adv.).(復(fù)合賓語)
They must keep their hands behind their backs(介詞短語).(復(fù)合賓語)
I won't let you try again(不定式短語).(復(fù)合賓語)
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(過去分詞).(復(fù)合賓語)
3)從構(gòu)成賓語的間接賓語和直接賓語之間與構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語的賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間的關(guān)系上區(qū)分。
在雙賓語中，兩個(gè)賓語間的關(guān)系比較松散，有的句子去掉其中一個(gè)賓語，句子仍然成立。雙賓語一般表示"為誰(forsb.)或給誰(to sb.)……"，即"及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語"的結(jié)構(gòu)可以改寫為"及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語+for sb.或to sb."的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Please show me your new book.→Please show yournew book to me.請(qǐng)給我看看你的新書。
She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought sometomatoes for me.她給我買了一些西紅柿。
賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間關(guān)系比較緊密，去掉其中一個(gè)成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且當(dāng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，和賓語之間具有"主系表關(guān)系";當(dāng)不定式(短語)或分詞(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，和賓語之間具有"主謂關(guān)系"。例如：
We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)
We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)
You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)
I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)
He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hoursa day.)
we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing inthe room.)
表語是出現(xiàn)在表語從句中，例如" That is what it is. The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 句中的is就是表語。那表語還有am，are等。
再給你舉一些例子。 What I know is that he can't do it.我所知道的是他不會(huì)做這見事。 It looks as if(though)it is going to rain.天好象要下雨似的。
以it作形式主語，把主語從句后置的常用的句型有：
(1)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
(2)It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句
(3)It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句
(4)It seem, happen等不及物動(dòng)詞 + that從句
形式賓語就是它并不是真正的賓語,而是用IT來代替的,這句話中TRAVEL AROUND是真正的賓語,為了不使句子有頭重腳輕的感覺,所以賓語后至,但前邊必須加個(gè)形式賓語.這句話若不使用形式賓語為i lei finds travling around the city is hard beacause he dosen't know the way.