新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹四:動(dòng)名詞

字號(hào):

1.動(dòng)名詞定義:具有名詞性質(zhì),可在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),具有所有格作修飾語(yǔ)。
    2.形式:以do為例
    doing → being done
    having done → having been done
    3.用法:
    (1)主語(yǔ):
    Saving is easier than doing.
    His coming here will be a great help.
    It is no use waiting here, he has left.
    It is no goodsmoking.
    There is no getting along with him.(簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法和他相處)
    ……以上例句皆必須要背誦!……
    (2)表語(yǔ):His job is keeping the hall clean as possible.
    Seeing is believing.
    (3)賓語(yǔ):
    a. 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ):He admitted taking the book.
    I do mind your smoking here.
    重磅要點(diǎn),請(qǐng)讀20 遍:下列動(dòng)詞須跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ):
    admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit...
    特注:以allow為例:allow + doing sth(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))。但可以:Allow sb to do sth(不定式作賓補(bǔ))。
    這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)如 advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.
    b. 作介詞賓語(yǔ):
    He left without saying goodbye to us.
    I'm looking forwardto meeting you.(to 在這里是介詞)
    (4)定語(yǔ):
    reading room swimming pool walking stick
    4.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):由名詞所有格或物主代詞與動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。
    His leaving is a great loss.
    Mother dislikes my (me) working late.
    John's having seen her did not make her worried.
    注:動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)多作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)是必須是所有格。如上二例,但作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以用所有格,也可用普通格。(解釋得很拗口,請(qǐng)將例句看透即可!)
    5.動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài):
    I am thinking of setting a new dictionary.(以后)
    He never talked to me about his having been in Paris.(以前)
    6.動(dòng)名詞語(yǔ)態(tài):
    He doesn't like being flattered.
    I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.
    7.動(dòng)名詞與不定式在用法上的幾點(diǎn)比較:
    (1)在 begin,start,continue 等詞后用動(dòng)名詞或不定式區(qū)別不大。
    He began writing / to write in 1980.
    (2)下列動(dòng)詞跟不定式或動(dòng)名詞所表示意義差別很大,注意使用。(用心咀嚼!)
    He stopped talking. 停止講話(huà)。
    He stopped to talk. 停下來(lái)開(kāi)始講話(huà)。
    Please remember to post the letter. 記住寄走這封信。
    I remember posting the letter. 我記得寄出了這封信。
    I forgot to lock the door yesterday. 昨天我忘記鎖門(mén)了。(未鎖)
    I forgot telling him the news. 我忘了我曾告訴過(guò)他這個(gè)消息。(做過(guò)的事情忘記了)