1. 一般說(shuō)來(lái),不定式前面要有小品詞to,但在下列情況中,不定式前的小品詞to須省略。
(1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及助動(dòng)詞之后一般要省略to,如:
He can speak several languages. 他能說(shuō)好幾種語(yǔ)言。
We must work hard. 我們必須努力工作。
注意:在used, ought, have, be之后的不定式要帶to。如:
He used to come here at eight. 他過(guò)去常在八點(diǎn)來(lái)這里。
(2) 在感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch及使讓動(dòng)詞make后做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式前的to須省略。如:
I heard them break a glass in the next door. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诟舯诖蚱屏艘粋€(gè)玻璃杯子。
注意:當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞,除let, have沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)外,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式前的to不能省略。如:
They were heard to break a glass in the next door. 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诟舯诖蚱屏艘粋€(gè)玻璃杯子。
(3) 不定式作介詞besides, but, except的賓語(yǔ)或系動(dòng)詞be的表語(yǔ)時(shí),而在介詞besides, but, except或系動(dòng)詞be前有do的某種形式,不定式前的to須省略。如:
We can do nothing but wait there. 我們除了在那兒等待之外,沒(méi)有其它的辦法。
(4) 不定式在cannot but, had better / best, rather than, sooner than, would rather, would sooner, know better than等短語(yǔ)之后時(shí),不定式前的to常被省略。如:
I would rather watch a TV play than play cards. 我寧愿看一場(chǎng)電視劇,也不愿打牌。
(5) 用why向第二人稱you 提問(wèn),而you被省略時(shí),動(dòng)詞前不能用to,從而構(gòu)成Why (not) do…? 如:
You look tired. Why not have a good rest. 你看起來(lái)很疲倦,何不好好休息一下呢?
(6) 在go hang, hear say, hear tell, let go, let fly, make believe, make do 等固定搭配中,不定式前的to常被省略。如:
I used to hear say that he came from Canada. 我過(guò)去常聽(tīng)說(shuō)他是加拿大人。
2. 有時(shí)候,不定式前面的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
(1) 動(dòng)詞help, bid, know等接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式前面的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
He used to help us (to) practice our spoken English. 他過(guò)去常幫助我們練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。
(2) 動(dòng)詞help, stare等接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式前面的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
Can you help buy a stamp for me, please? 請(qǐng)幫我買張郵票,好嗎?
(3) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)用來(lái)延伸do的具體含義時(shí),不定式前面的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
(To) watch a football match is what I want to do this afternoon. 看足球賽就是我今天下午要做的事情。
What he will do is (to) clean the rails. 他要做的事情就是打掃柵欄。
(4) 連詞and, or, than等連接兩個(gè)并列不定式時(shí),第二個(gè)不定式前的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
I’ll go to see him myself and (to) ask him about it. 我將親自去看望他并問(wèn)一問(wèn)那件事情。
Will you go to see the film or (to) dance? 你要去看電影還是要去跳舞?
(1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及助動(dòng)詞之后一般要省略to,如:
He can speak several languages. 他能說(shuō)好幾種語(yǔ)言。
We must work hard. 我們必須努力工作。
注意:在used, ought, have, be之后的不定式要帶to。如:
He used to come here at eight. 他過(guò)去常在八點(diǎn)來(lái)這里。
(2) 在感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch及使讓動(dòng)詞make后做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式前的to須省略。如:
I heard them break a glass in the next door. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诟舯诖蚱屏艘粋€(gè)玻璃杯子。
注意:當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞,除let, have沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)外,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式前的to不能省略。如:
They were heard to break a glass in the next door. 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诟舯诖蚱屏艘粋€(gè)玻璃杯子。
(3) 不定式作介詞besides, but, except的賓語(yǔ)或系動(dòng)詞be的表語(yǔ)時(shí),而在介詞besides, but, except或系動(dòng)詞be前有do的某種形式,不定式前的to須省略。如:
We can do nothing but wait there. 我們除了在那兒等待之外,沒(méi)有其它的辦法。
(4) 不定式在cannot but, had better / best, rather than, sooner than, would rather, would sooner, know better than等短語(yǔ)之后時(shí),不定式前的to常被省略。如:
I would rather watch a TV play than play cards. 我寧愿看一場(chǎng)電視劇,也不愿打牌。
(5) 用why向第二人稱you 提問(wèn),而you被省略時(shí),動(dòng)詞前不能用to,從而構(gòu)成Why (not) do…? 如:
You look tired. Why not have a good rest. 你看起來(lái)很疲倦,何不好好休息一下呢?
(6) 在go hang, hear say, hear tell, let go, let fly, make believe, make do 等固定搭配中,不定式前的to常被省略。如:
I used to hear say that he came from Canada. 我過(guò)去常聽(tīng)說(shuō)他是加拿大人。
2. 有時(shí)候,不定式前面的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
(1) 動(dòng)詞help, bid, know等接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式前面的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
He used to help us (to) practice our spoken English. 他過(guò)去常幫助我們練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。
(2) 動(dòng)詞help, stare等接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式前面的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
Can you help buy a stamp for me, please? 請(qǐng)幫我買張郵票,好嗎?
(3) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)用來(lái)延伸do的具體含義時(shí),不定式前面的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
(To) watch a football match is what I want to do this afternoon. 看足球賽就是我今天下午要做的事情。
What he will do is (to) clean the rails. 他要做的事情就是打掃柵欄。
(4) 連詞and, or, than等連接兩個(gè)并列不定式時(shí),第二個(gè)不定式前的小品詞to可有可無(wú)。如:
I’ll go to see him myself and (to) ask him about it. 我將親自去看望他并問(wèn)一問(wèn)那件事情。
Will you go to see the film or (to) dance? 你要去看電影還是要去跳舞?