在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that等和關(guān)系副詞where, when ,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。
●難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
1.(★★★★)-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that the reason ________you had a few days off?
A.why B.when C.what D.where
(NMET1999)
2.(★★★★★)Meeting my uncle after all these was an unforgettable moment,________I will always treasure.
A.that B.one C.it D.what
(NMET2002)
3.(★★★★)Alec asked the policeman________he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. (上海2002)
A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom
4.(★★★★)There's a feeling in me________we'll never know what a UFO is.
A.that B.which C.of which D.what (上海2002)
5.(★★★★)We will be shown around the city:schools,museum,and some other places,________other visitors seldom go.
A.what B.which C.where D.when
6.(★★★★)After living in Paris for fifty years,he returned to the small town________he grew up as a child.
A.which B.where C.that D.when
(NMET1996)
7.(★★★★★)Carol said the work would be done by October,________personally I doubt very much.
A.it B.that C.when D.which
(NMET1999)
8.(★★★★★)Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,________of course,made the others unhappy.
A.who B.which C.this D.what
(NMET2000)
●案例探究
1.The film brought the hours back to me________I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A.until B.that C.when D.where
(NMET2001)
命題意圖：考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的掌握，屬于五題目。
知識(shí)依托：先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞，從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when。
錯(cuò)解分析：本題有一定難度，主要是由于在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間有其他的詞。
解題方法與技巧：首先要找準(zhǔn)先行詞，先行詞hours表示的是時(shí)間，當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞時(shí)，可能有2種情況：如果從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when，如題;如果在從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，通常用關(guān)系代詞that或which。
答案：C
2.________is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A.It B.As C.That D.What
(NMET2001)
命題意圖：考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞as的用法。屬于五題目。
知識(shí)依托：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
錯(cuò)解分析：A項(xiàng)迷惑性較大。但it是形式主語(yǔ)，后應(yīng)用that從句作真正主語(yǔ)。如：It's known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
解題方法與技巧：根據(jù)題干的逗號(hào)可以判斷，空缺處應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞as，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在這種用法中，as的意思是"正像""像""那樣"，定語(yǔ)從句則表達(dá)了說話人的對(duì)某事的態(tài)度和看法。
答案：B
●錦囊妙計(jì)
1.由who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：這類定語(yǔ)從句中， who用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)，whose用作定語(yǔ)。例如：
This is the man who helped me.
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?
2.which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：which在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如：
This is the book which you want.
The building which stands near the river is our school.
The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
3.由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：that在定語(yǔ)從句中可以指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。(但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語(yǔ))例如：
The letter that I received was from my father.
注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：
?、傧刃性~是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例如：All that we have to do is to practise every day.
②先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞級(jí)所修飾。例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film I've ever seen.
?、巯刃性~被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾。例如：I have read all the books(that)you gave me.
?、芟刃性~被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時(shí)，例如：He is the only person that/(who) I want to talk to .
?、菹刃性~既有人又有物時(shí)，例如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
?、蕻?dāng)句中已有who時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。例如：Who is the man that is talking to John?
?、哂米麝P(guān)系代詞，修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞如day,time,moment等，代替when。例如：It happened on the day that/when I was born.
?、嗳缬袃蓚€(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用，則另一個(gè)用that。例如：Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
4.由when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。例如:
I know the reason why he came late.
This is the place where we lived for 5 years.
I will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu.
注意：先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間時(shí)，有時(shí)用where或when，有時(shí)用that(which)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)要根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which)，否則用where或when。例如：
This is the house where he lived last year.
This is the house that(which)he visited last year.
I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing.
I have never forgotten the day which we spent together.
5.限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：
?、傧薅ㄐ远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,of which等，這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略;
?、诜窍薅ㄐ远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思的完整，一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開。關(guān)系代詞用which，不用that;指人時(shí)可用who，例如：
I have two sisters,who are both students.
Crusoe's dog,which was now very old,became ill and died.
6.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：
①as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成the same…as,such…as等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
I like the same book as you do.(as作賓語(yǔ))
I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as作狀語(yǔ))
I want to have such a dictionary as he has.(as作賓語(yǔ));
?、赼s引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句說明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前。例如：
As we all know,he studies very hard.(as代表整個(gè)句子，作賓語(yǔ))
As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.(as代表整個(gè)句子，作主語(yǔ))
常用的這種類似插入語(yǔ)的句式有as is said above,as is already mentioned above,as is known to all,as it is,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等。
注意：①關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致;②關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that在限定性定語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，而該介詞又位于從句末尾時(shí)，經(jīng)常省略，但as一般不省略;③關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以;在句中時(shí)，as有"正如""就像"之意，而which則沒有此意。
●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.(★★★★★)Is this hotel________you said we were to stay in your letter.
A.where B.which C.in that D.in which
2.(★★★★)The wrong you've done him is terrible,for________you should make an apology to him,I think.
A.this B.which C.what D.that
3.(★★★★)We played in the garden till sunset,________it began to rain.
A.when B.after C.while D.then
4.(★★★★)I'd like a car________front lights are big and round.
A.which B.that C.whose D.what
5.(★★★★)"Who Moved My Chinese?",________is a best-selling book,is written by Spencer Johnson.
A.which B.that C.it D.what
6.(★★★★★)Is there a shop around________I can get a pack of cigarette?
A.which B.where C.that D. what
7.(★★★★)Another unmanned spacecraft"ShenzhouⅡ",________China greets the 21st century,marks new progress in the century's space program.
A.for which B.from which C.in which D.with which
8.(★★★★)Beijing government puts more than 700 million yuan to increase its green space this year,________doubles the money provided last year.
A.as B.while C.that D.which
9.(★★★★)That passenger was very impolite to the conductor,________of course,made things even worse.
A.who B.whom C.what D.which
10.(★★★★)Helen is much more kind to her youngest child than to the others,________of course,makes the others unhappy.
A.who B.which C.she D.that
11.(★★★★★)I'll never forget the days________I lived in the country with the farmers,________has a great effect on my life.
A.that;which B.when;which C.which;that D.when;who
12.(★★★★★)David gets up early and takes a walk in the morning,______is usual with him.
A.as B.that C.what D.such