以下是整理的《金融英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教程：西方的銀行》，希望大家喜歡！
Banking in the West(1)
西方的銀行（一）
Situation 1
情景 1
Jiro Ito is visiting with his friend ,Bob Jenson ,a banker in New York .
伊滕次郎正與他的朋友鮑勃·詹森閑談。鮑勃是紐約的一位銀行職員。
They are talking about the history of banking in the west .
他們正在談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)西方銀行的歷史。
Ito:I'm curious about the history of banking in the west ,Bob.Can you tell me something about it ?
伊 滕：我很想知道有關(guān)西方銀行史的一些情況。鮑勃，您能給我講一講嗎？
Jensen:Well,Jiro,the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4,000 years ago .
詹 森：好的，次郎。最早的銀行大約是4，000年前在巴比倫建立的。
They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans .
實(shí)際上，那些銀行只是一種收集存款并進(jìn)行放款的場(chǎng)所。
I :That surprises me .I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe .
伊 滕：這可真是出乎我的意料之外，我原來(lái)一直以為銀行業(yè)務(wù)始于歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期呢。
J:No ,it was much earlier than that.Actually ,private firms that handled deposits and loans ,
詹 森：不，比那個(gè)時(shí)期要早多了。實(shí)際上，早在公元前6世紀(jì)就有了私營(yíng)的商行。
changed coins and even arranged for credit transactions existed as early as the 6th century B.C.
這些商行從事儲(chǔ)蓄存款和貸款，兌換硬幣以至安排信貸交易。
I:Then ,there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome,too?
伊 滕：當(dāng)時(shí)，古希臘和羅馬也有銀行嗎？
J:Yes ,laws in Both Greece and Rome recognized banks and many bank functions .
詹 森：是的，希臘和羅馬都在法律上承認(rèn)了銀行和銀行的許多作用。
It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance .
直到羅馬帝國(guó)崩潰，商貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)衰落，銀行業(yè)才失去了它以往的重要性。
I:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?Didn't such laws made it illegal to charge interest on loans?
伊 滕：中世紀(jì)時(shí)，法律禁止放高利貸是怎么回事？這些法律沒(méi)有規(guī)定貸款收取利息是非法的嗎？
J:Yes,they did ,but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries,
詹 森：規(guī)定了，但是這些法律在14，15世紀(jì)時(shí)逐步地改變了，
and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France ,Germany and England .
銀行的作用又在意大利和比利時(shí)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)，后來(lái)又顯現(xiàn)在法國(guó)、德國(guó)和英國(guó)。
I:I see .So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance .
伊 滕：我明白了。實(shí)際上我們可以說(shuō)，銀行業(yè)在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期又重新開(kāi)始了。
Banking in the West (2)
西方的銀行（二）
Situation 2
情景 2
Mr.Ito and Mr.Jenson continue their discussion about the history of banking in the west .
伊滕先生和詹森先生繼續(xù)他們有關(guān)西方銀行史的討論。
Jensen:That's a good way of putting it ,Jiro.Banking firms that developed during the 15th and 16th centuries are the direct ancestors of modern commercial banks .
詹 森：那是一個(gè)合適的提法，次郎。那些在15，16世紀(jì)發(fā)展起來(lái)的從事銀行業(yè)務(wù)的商行就是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的直系祖先。
Ito:I can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period .
伊 滕：顯而易見(jiàn)，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個(gè)時(shí)期的需要。
Commercial and finacial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
當(dāng)歐洲從中世紀(jì)封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來(lái)時(shí)，商業(yè)和金融交易再一次開(kāi)始變得復(fù)雜起來(lái)了。
Weren't many of these early banks goldsmiths in the beginning ?
很多早期的銀行在其一開(kāi)始不就是由一些金匠們興辦起來(lái)的嗎？
J:Yes,many of them started that way ,especially in France and England ,
詹 森：是的，很多銀行就是這個(gè)興起的，特別是在法國(guó)和英國(guó)。
but they gradually expanded their activities to handing deposits and loans ,
可是他們逐漸地?cái)U(kuò)展他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，
issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes .And ,of course ,
發(fā)展到從事儲(chǔ)蓄、貸款、發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。
they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
理所當(dāng)然地他們又開(kāi)始建立起部分儲(chǔ)備制度，而這一點(diǎn)正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。
I;When did the idea of central banks get started?
伊 滕：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的？
J;Well,the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
詹 森：哦，第一個(gè)由國(guó)家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來(lái)的，
Other semi-public banks appeared during the next one hundred years,including the Bank of England in 1694,
后秋的一百年之中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些其他的半公立銀行，包括1694年成立的英格蘭銀行。
but these were really not central banks in the modern sense of the term .
但是，這些銀行還并不是現(xiàn)代意義上的中央銀行，
It wasn't until the middle of the 19th century that central banks with specific regulatory functions were created .
直到19世紀(jì)中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行才建立起來(lái)。
Banking in the West(1)
西方的銀行（一）
Situation 1
情景 1
Jiro Ito is visiting with his friend ,Bob Jenson ,a banker in New York .
伊滕次郎正與他的朋友鮑勃·詹森閑談。鮑勃是紐約的一位銀行職員。
They are talking about the history of banking in the west .
他們正在談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)西方銀行的歷史。
Ito:I'm curious about the history of banking in the west ,Bob.Can you tell me something about it ?
伊 滕：我很想知道有關(guān)西方銀行史的一些情況。鮑勃，您能給我講一講嗎？
Jensen:Well,Jiro,the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4,000 years ago .
詹 森：好的，次郎。最早的銀行大約是4，000年前在巴比倫建立的。
They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans .
實(shí)際上，那些銀行只是一種收集存款并進(jìn)行放款的場(chǎng)所。
I :That surprises me .I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe .
伊 滕：這可真是出乎我的意料之外，我原來(lái)一直以為銀行業(yè)務(wù)始于歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期呢。
J:No ,it was much earlier than that.Actually ,private firms that handled deposits and loans ,
詹 森：不，比那個(gè)時(shí)期要早多了。實(shí)際上，早在公元前6世紀(jì)就有了私營(yíng)的商行。
changed coins and even arranged for credit transactions existed as early as the 6th century B.C.
這些商行從事儲(chǔ)蓄存款和貸款，兌換硬幣以至安排信貸交易。
I:Then ,there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome,too?
伊 滕：當(dāng)時(shí)，古希臘和羅馬也有銀行嗎？
J:Yes ,laws in Both Greece and Rome recognized banks and many bank functions .
詹 森：是的，希臘和羅馬都在法律上承認(rèn)了銀行和銀行的許多作用。
It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance .
直到羅馬帝國(guó)崩潰，商貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)衰落，銀行業(yè)才失去了它以往的重要性。
I:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?Didn't such laws made it illegal to charge interest on loans?
伊 滕：中世紀(jì)時(shí)，法律禁止放高利貸是怎么回事？這些法律沒(méi)有規(guī)定貸款收取利息是非法的嗎？
J:Yes,they did ,but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries,
詹 森：規(guī)定了，但是這些法律在14，15世紀(jì)時(shí)逐步地改變了，
and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France ,Germany and England .
銀行的作用又在意大利和比利時(shí)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)，后來(lái)又顯現(xiàn)在法國(guó)、德國(guó)和英國(guó)。
I:I see .So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance .
伊 滕：我明白了。實(shí)際上我們可以說(shuō)，銀行業(yè)在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期又重新開(kāi)始了。
Banking in the West (2)
西方的銀行（二）
Situation 2
情景 2
Mr.Ito and Mr.Jenson continue their discussion about the history of banking in the west .
伊滕先生和詹森先生繼續(xù)他們有關(guān)西方銀行史的討論。
Jensen:That's a good way of putting it ,Jiro.Banking firms that developed during the 15th and 16th centuries are the direct ancestors of modern commercial banks .
詹 森：那是一個(gè)合適的提法，次郎。那些在15，16世紀(jì)發(fā)展起來(lái)的從事銀行業(yè)務(wù)的商行就是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的直系祖先。
Ito:I can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period .
伊 滕：顯而易見(jiàn)，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個(gè)時(shí)期的需要。
Commercial and finacial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
當(dāng)歐洲從中世紀(jì)封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來(lái)時(shí)，商業(yè)和金融交易再一次開(kāi)始變得復(fù)雜起來(lái)了。
Weren't many of these early banks goldsmiths in the beginning ?
很多早期的銀行在其一開(kāi)始不就是由一些金匠們興辦起來(lái)的嗎？
J:Yes,many of them started that way ,especially in France and England ,
詹 森：是的，很多銀行就是這個(gè)興起的，特別是在法國(guó)和英國(guó)。
but they gradually expanded their activities to handing deposits and loans ,
可是他們逐漸地?cái)U(kuò)展他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，
issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes .And ,of course ,
發(fā)展到從事儲(chǔ)蓄、貸款、發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。
they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
理所當(dāng)然地他們又開(kāi)始建立起部分儲(chǔ)備制度，而這一點(diǎn)正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。
I;When did the idea of central banks get started?
伊 滕：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的？
J;Well,the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
詹 森：哦，第一個(gè)由國(guó)家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來(lái)的，
Other semi-public banks appeared during the next one hundred years,including the Bank of England in 1694,
后秋的一百年之中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些其他的半公立銀行，包括1694年成立的英格蘭銀行。
but these were really not central banks in the modern sense of the term .
但是，這些銀行還并不是現(xiàn)代意義上的中央銀行，
It wasn't until the middle of the 19th century that central banks with specific regulatory functions were created .
直到19世紀(jì)中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行才建立起來(lái)。