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Somalia's Shabab
索馬里的青年黨
The struggle for the Horn of Africa
為非洲之角而戰(zhàn)
Bullet boys
子彈男孩
Al-Shabab in Somalia:The History and Ideology of a Militant Islamist Group, 2005-2012.By Stig Jarle Hansen.
索馬里的青年黨：一個激進伊斯蘭組織的歷史和思想體系，2005-2012
The World's Most Dangerous Place: Inside the Outlaw State of Somalia.By James Fergusson.
世界上最危險的地方：法外之國索馬里的內(nèi)情
IN 2005 three dozen Somalis formed a club of Islamists, soon dubbing themselves the Shabab. Chaos had reigned over Somalia for a generation and there had been no real government since the military ruler, Siad Barre, fell in 1991. But within a year or so, the Shabab was the dominant force within a loose coalition of Islamic courts that had sought with some grim success to impose order.
2005年60個索馬里人組織了一個伊斯蘭教徒俱樂部，不久他們標(biāo)榜自己是Shabab。自1991年軍事統(tǒng)治者西亞德·巴雷垮臺之后，那里就沒有真正的政府，混亂折磨索馬里一代人之久。大概在一年之內(nèi)，青年黨成了松散的伊斯蘭法庭聯(lián)盟主導(dǎo)力量，為了維持秩序，這伙人不擇手段。
By 2009 the Shabab, with a core of 5,000-odd fighters, had mastered a good half of the country and made most of the rest virtually ungovernable. Stig Jarle Hansen, the Norwegian author of one of two important new books explaining the rise of the Shabab, reckons it controlled an area “equal to the size of Denmark, with perhaps 5m inhabitants”. The Shabab, Mr Hansen believes, was then the world's only self-proclaimed al-Qaeda ally controlling large territories. Because of a far-flung Somali diaspora of nearly 2m in America , Britain, Kenya and Scandinavia, the Shabab's capacity for wreaking terror at home and abroad has frightened and flummoxed Western and African governments. These two books, “Al-Shabab in Somalia” and “The World's Most Dangerous Place”, are essential reading for those who seek to counter the menace.
2009年，青年黨以5000個奇特的戰(zhàn)士控制了該國一半以上的地方，剩下的地方實際上大部分處于無政府狀態(tài)。挪威作家Stig Jarle Hansen的新作解釋了青年黨的壯大，他認(rèn)為青年黨控制的地盤和丹麥一樣大，里面可能有5百萬居民。Hansen先生相信青年黨是世界上的以基地盟友自居而且控制很多地盤的組織。因為有將近二百萬的索馬里人流散在美國、英國、肯尼亞和斯堪的那維亞半島，青年黨在國內(nèi)外制造恐怖的能力使西方政府和非洲政府感到恐懼困惑。
James Fergussonhas written the more readable work. With ingenuity and no little courage he has travelled far and wide, within Somalia and among the Somali diaspora in Britain and America, delving into the soul of a ravaged community. Few if any foreigners in the past half-decade have reached so deeply into the territorial nooks and crannies of Somalia's myriad fiefs. Mr Hansen focuses on the complex ideological detours and military tactics of the Shabab from its inception. His is a succinct and definitive if somewhat dry history.
James Fergusson寫過更有可讀性的著作。為了剖析這個遭受蹂躪的地區(qū)的靈魂，他憑著機智和非凡的勇氣廣游四方，他去過索馬里，也采訪過流散在英美的索馬里人。在過去五十年里，幾乎沒有外國人像他那樣深入到索馬里眾多割據(jù)地區(qū)的角角落落。Hansen先生自青年黨成立之初就關(guān)注它復(fù)雜的思想形態(tài)和軍事戰(zhàn)術(shù)。從某種意義上說他用簡潔明確的文字寫了一本關(guān)于青年黨的歷史書。
Both authors agree that although the bloody-minded Shabab is probably on the road to containment if not outright defeat, quite a lot of Somalis may still reluctantly accept it as the lesser of many evils. It certainly did better than its rivals at transcending the bitter divisions between the clans, sub-clans and sub-sub-clans whose doggedly lethal loyalties were a main cause of the country's fragmentation.
兩個作家都認(rèn)為如果不能將殘忍的青年黨徹底打敗，遏制可能就是對付它的手段，很多索馬里人可能仍然不情愿接受青年黨，他們認(rèn)為青年黨是眾多魔鬼中邪惡程度相對低的那個。索馬里四分五裂，民不聊生，在宗族、亞氏族，三級氏族之間，青年黨確實比自己的對手做得好，對部族的絕對忠誠是導(dǎo)致這個國家分裂的主要原因。
The Shabab is driven by local grievances yet has global aspirations, helping to stoke rebellion in such troubled places as northern Nigeria and Yemen. In the past two years the West has been trying to bolster a revamped government in Mogadishu, Somalia's capital, while accommodating the semi-autonomous fiefs to build what might become a workable federation. Such efforts have been led by Britain's prime minister, David Cameron, who happens to be a close friend of Mr Fergusson. But Somalia is still one of the most dangerous countries in the world, and its people still among the most tragically disturbed. The Shabab may be on the wane. But neither author predicts it will fade fast.
青年黨受當(dāng)?shù)氐脑箲嵙α客苿?，已?jīng)有了放眼環(huán)球的志向，它在發(fā)生*的地方協(xié)助平叛。過去兩年里，西方視圖在索馬里首都摩加迪沙支持一個經(jīng)過改進的政府，同時也可以協(xié)調(diào)半自治的割據(jù)地區(qū)組建一個能工作的聯(lián)邦。英國首相戴維·卡梅倫已經(jīng)將這個經(jīng)驗付諸行動。但是索馬里仍然是世界上最危險的國家之一，它的人民還在遭受最慘痛的災(zāi)難。青年黨可能會逐漸衰落，但是兩個作家預(yù)測它衰退的速度不會太快。