Ⅰ.全部倒裝
全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：
1) There goes the bell. 鈴聲漸漸消失了。
2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就來了
3) Here is your letter. 這是你的信。
2. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如：
1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。
2) Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：1) Here he comes. 他來了。 2) Away they went. 他們走了。
Ⅱ.部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
1. 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…, scarcely , barely , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：
1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來沒看過這樣的表演。
2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪兒都不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問題的答案。
3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。
4) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛要出門時(shí)有個(gè)學(xué)生來找她。
注意：當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜歡音樂。
2.表示"也"、"也不" 的so, neither, nor放在句首時(shí)，句子作部分倒裝。例如：
1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能說法語，我也能。
2) If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
注意： 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。例如：
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。
2) ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大?！?--的確很大。
3.only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句等)，全句語序要部分倒裝。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被請(qǐng)了三次才來開會(huì)。
注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。
Ⅲ.其他部分倒裝
1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。
2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：
May you all be happy. 望大家開心愉快。
3. 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我就再試。
簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)：千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來的：
1. 主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞) [S + V]
解讀：在此句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后沒有賓語。有時(shí)為了表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、場(chǎng)所、時(shí)間等，可以帶狀語修飾動(dòng)詞。如：
I work. 我工作。
My head aches.我頭疼。
The children are playing happily. 孩子們正在高興地玩。
2. 主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語 [S+V+O]
解讀：該句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達(dá)完整、準(zhǔn)確。賓語可以由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)。如：
I finished reading the book. 我讀完了這本書。
The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜歡住在中國。
She studies English. 她學(xué)英語。
3. 主語+謂語+表語 [S+V+P]
解讀：此句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，它本身有一定含義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，它必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。表語通常由名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語及不定式結(jié)構(gòu)等充當(dāng)。該句型謂語動(dòng)詞為連系動(dòng)詞。常見的系動(dòng)詞有：be(是); get(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來), feel(感到), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), seem(似乎) 等。如：
My books are on the desk. 我的書在書桌上。
The food seems to be nice. 這食物似乎不錯(cuò)。
He became a famous doctor. 他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。
The apple pie tastes really delicious. 蘋果派吃起來真是好吃。
4. 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語 [S+V+InO+DO]
解讀：在該句型中，間接賓語有時(shí)也可以改成一個(gè)由to或for引起的短語，放在直接賓語之后，即構(gòu)成“主語+謂語+直賓+介詞+間賓”的句型。這種句型中的及物動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語，既指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語。也可以把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，但要加介詞for或to。如：
Could you pass me the salt? (= Could you pass the salt to me?) 請(qǐng)你把鹽給我好嗎?
Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.(=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers. ) 王叔叔給農(nóng)民們制造了很多機(jī)器。
My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨買給我一臺(tái)電腦。
I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把鹽遞給他。
5. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 [S+V+O+OC]
解讀：賓補(bǔ)的作用是說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。它可以由名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和介詞短語等充當(dāng)。
I ask her to tell the truth.
使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have等后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：
He made me work twelve hours a day. 他讓我一天工作十二小時(shí)。
主要并列連詞有：and, but, or, for, so, while, however, either...or, neither...nor, not only…but also, both…and 等
主要并列連詞的用法
1 and: 意為“和，而且”，表示同等關(guān)系或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系
1>. I went there by train and she went there by plane. 我乘火車去那里的，她乘飛機(jī)去那里的。
2>. Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher. 她父親是醫(yī)生，她母親是教師。
3>. Tom finished his homework, and they went out to play games. 湯姆做完了作業(yè)，他們就出去玩游戲了。
2 but: 意為“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
1>. She is very old but she is in good health. 她年紀(jì)很大了，但身體很好。
2>. He is poor, but he is happy. 他窮，但是他幸福。
3>. The man shouted to the policemen, but they didn't hear him.
4>. Some people don't like summer, but I quite like it. 有些人不喜歡夏天，但是我很喜歡。
3 or: 意為“或者，否則”，表示選擇關(guān)系。
1>. Are you going with us or will you stay at home? 你同我們一起去，還是呆在家里呢?
2>. The students can go swimming or they can go mountain climbing.
學(xué)生們可以去游泳，也可以去爬山。
3>. You'd better go by taxi, or you will be late. 你好乘出租車去，否則要遲到了。
4 for:表示“因?yàn)椋硎疽蚬P(guān)系”。是“前果后因”。
1>. He is late for class every day, for he gets up late every day.
2>. We passed the exam, for we studied very hard.
5. so: 因此，也表示因果關(guān)系，是“前因后果?！?BR> 1>. He gets up late every day, so he I slate for school every day.
2>. We studied very hard, so we passed the exam.
6. not only...but also意為“不但……而且”，表示同等關(guān)系。
1>. Not only can he drive a car, but he can also repair cars. 他不但會(huì)開車，而且還會(huì)修車。
2>. He was not only a good father, but he was also a good husband. 他不僅是個(gè)好父親，也是個(gè)好丈夫。
7. either...or意為“不是……就是，或者……或者”，表示選擇關(guān)系
1>. You can either do it by yourself or you can ask someone else to do it.
你或者自己做這件事，或者請(qǐng)別人做這件事。
2>. Either the teacher didn't explain the sentence clearly, or I didn't understand it.
不是老師沒有把這個(gè)句子解釋清楚，就是我沒有理解。
復(fù)合句：(complex sentence)
復(fù)合句是由主句+從句構(gòu)成，它是英語學(xué)習(xí)中比較復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，英語中一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)謂語，如果出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語，那么其中一個(gè)謂語只能是以從句的形式或并列句或非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式出現(xiàn)。所謂從句是指從屬于主句的句子，由從屬連詞連接。從句的種類有很多，但根據(jù)其性質(zhì)和作用可以分為：名詞性從句，形容詞性從句(即定語從句)，副詞性從句(即狀語從句)三大類。
a. 定語從句(Attributive Clause)這是出現(xiàn)在閱讀題型中多的從句!重要!
定語從句：在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。
先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞。
關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞;一般緊跟在先行詞后引出定語從句。分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。
關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。
例如:
Once upon a time, there was a king (who had a small kingdom).
先行詞 關(guān)系詞
For one thing, the tigers ( that were kept in the zoo) were often used in court.
先行詞 關(guān)系詞
There came out a young lady ( whose hair was golden).
先行詞 關(guān)系詞
They would meet on the night ( when there was a full moon in the sky).
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
(1) A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.
(2) The book that is on the desk was written by Yao Ming.
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which" 結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
限制性和非限制性定語從句
例如：
1)This is the house which we bought last month.(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.。(非限制性)
2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
b. 名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它能在復(fù)合句中作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。在名詞性從句中，連接詞that既沒有實(shí)際意義，又不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用, 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)經(jīng)常省去。
一、主語從句 (The Subject Clause)：在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，主語從句通常被置于句末，而用it作形式主語。
That light travels in straight line is known to all.
When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.
It was my fault that I had him play football yesterday afternoon.
It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
二、賓語從句 (The Object Clause)：主要作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，有時(shí)置于介詞或形容詞之后。
He said (that) his father had come back from the United States.
He asked how much I paid for the violin.
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.
如果賓語從句帶有補(bǔ)足語，通常用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句置于補(bǔ)足語之后。
I think it necessary that we should pay close attention to SARS.
We all feel it our duty that we should serve the people heart and soul.
相關(guān)推薦：2014年職稱英語備考輔導(dǎo)
全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：
1) There goes the bell. 鈴聲漸漸消失了。
2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就來了
3) Here is your letter. 這是你的信。
2. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如：
1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。
2) Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：1) Here he comes. 他來了。 2) Away they went. 他們走了。
Ⅱ.部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
1. 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…, scarcely , barely , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：
1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來沒看過這樣的表演。
2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪兒都不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問題的答案。
3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。
4) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛要出門時(shí)有個(gè)學(xué)生來找她。
注意：當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜歡音樂。
2.表示"也"、"也不" 的so, neither, nor放在句首時(shí)，句子作部分倒裝。例如：
1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能說法語，我也能。
2) If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
注意： 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。例如：
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。
2) ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大?！?--的確很大。
3.only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句等)，全句語序要部分倒裝。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被請(qǐng)了三次才來開會(huì)。
注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。
Ⅲ.其他部分倒裝
1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。
2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：
May you all be happy. 望大家開心愉快。
3. 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我就再試。
簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)：千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來的：
1. 主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞) [S + V]
解讀：在此句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后沒有賓語。有時(shí)為了表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、場(chǎng)所、時(shí)間等，可以帶狀語修飾動(dòng)詞。如：
I work. 我工作。
My head aches.我頭疼。
The children are playing happily. 孩子們正在高興地玩。
2. 主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語 [S+V+O]
解讀：該句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達(dá)完整、準(zhǔn)確。賓語可以由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)。如：
I finished reading the book. 我讀完了這本書。
The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜歡住在中國。
She studies English. 她學(xué)英語。
3. 主語+謂語+表語 [S+V+P]
解讀：此句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，它本身有一定含義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，它必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。表語通常由名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語及不定式結(jié)構(gòu)等充當(dāng)。該句型謂語動(dòng)詞為連系動(dòng)詞。常見的系動(dòng)詞有：be(是); get(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來), feel(感到), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), seem(似乎) 等。如：
My books are on the desk. 我的書在書桌上。
The food seems to be nice. 這食物似乎不錯(cuò)。
He became a famous doctor. 他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。
The apple pie tastes really delicious. 蘋果派吃起來真是好吃。
4. 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語 [S+V+InO+DO]
解讀：在該句型中，間接賓語有時(shí)也可以改成一個(gè)由to或for引起的短語，放在直接賓語之后，即構(gòu)成“主語+謂語+直賓+介詞+間賓”的句型。這種句型中的及物動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語，既指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語。也可以把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，但要加介詞for或to。如：
Could you pass me the salt? (= Could you pass the salt to me?) 請(qǐng)你把鹽給我好嗎?
Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.(=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers. ) 王叔叔給農(nóng)民們制造了很多機(jī)器。
My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨買給我一臺(tái)電腦。
I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把鹽遞給他。
5. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 [S+V+O+OC]
解讀：賓補(bǔ)的作用是說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。它可以由名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和介詞短語等充當(dāng)。
I ask her to tell the truth.
使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have等后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：
He made me work twelve hours a day. 他讓我一天工作十二小時(shí)。
主要并列連詞有：and, but, or, for, so, while, however, either...or, neither...nor, not only…but also, both…and 等
主要并列連詞的用法
1 and: 意為“和，而且”，表示同等關(guān)系或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系
1>. I went there by train and she went there by plane. 我乘火車去那里的，她乘飛機(jī)去那里的。
2>. Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher. 她父親是醫(yī)生，她母親是教師。
3>. Tom finished his homework, and they went out to play games. 湯姆做完了作業(yè)，他們就出去玩游戲了。
2 but: 意為“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
1>. She is very old but she is in good health. 她年紀(jì)很大了，但身體很好。
2>. He is poor, but he is happy. 他窮，但是他幸福。
3>. The man shouted to the policemen, but they didn't hear him.
4>. Some people don't like summer, but I quite like it. 有些人不喜歡夏天，但是我很喜歡。
3 or: 意為“或者，否則”，表示選擇關(guān)系。
1>. Are you going with us or will you stay at home? 你同我們一起去，還是呆在家里呢?
2>. The students can go swimming or they can go mountain climbing.
學(xué)生們可以去游泳，也可以去爬山。
3>. You'd better go by taxi, or you will be late. 你好乘出租車去，否則要遲到了。
4 for:表示“因?yàn)椋硎疽蚬P(guān)系”。是“前果后因”。
1>. He is late for class every day, for he gets up late every day.
2>. We passed the exam, for we studied very hard.
5. so: 因此，也表示因果關(guān)系，是“前因后果?！?BR> 1>. He gets up late every day, so he I slate for school every day.
2>. We studied very hard, so we passed the exam.
6. not only...but also意為“不但……而且”，表示同等關(guān)系。
1>. Not only can he drive a car, but he can also repair cars. 他不但會(huì)開車，而且還會(huì)修車。
2>. He was not only a good father, but he was also a good husband. 他不僅是個(gè)好父親，也是個(gè)好丈夫。
7. either...or意為“不是……就是，或者……或者”，表示選擇關(guān)系
1>. You can either do it by yourself or you can ask someone else to do it.
你或者自己做這件事，或者請(qǐng)別人做這件事。
2>. Either the teacher didn't explain the sentence clearly, or I didn't understand it.
不是老師沒有把這個(gè)句子解釋清楚，就是我沒有理解。
復(fù)合句：(complex sentence)
復(fù)合句是由主句+從句構(gòu)成，它是英語學(xué)習(xí)中比較復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，英語中一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)謂語，如果出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語，那么其中一個(gè)謂語只能是以從句的形式或并列句或非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式出現(xiàn)。所謂從句是指從屬于主句的句子，由從屬連詞連接。從句的種類有很多，但根據(jù)其性質(zhì)和作用可以分為：名詞性從句，形容詞性從句(即定語從句)，副詞性從句(即狀語從句)三大類。
a. 定語從句(Attributive Clause)這是出現(xiàn)在閱讀題型中多的從句!重要!
定語從句：在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。
先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞。
關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞;一般緊跟在先行詞后引出定語從句。分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。
關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。
例如:
Once upon a time, there was a king (who had a small kingdom).
先行詞 關(guān)系詞
For one thing, the tigers ( that were kept in the zoo) were often used in court.
先行詞 關(guān)系詞
There came out a young lady ( whose hair was golden).
先行詞 關(guān)系詞
They would meet on the night ( when there was a full moon in the sky).
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
(1) A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.
(2) The book that is on the desk was written by Yao Ming.
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which" 結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
限制性和非限制性定語從句
例如：
1)This is the house which we bought last month.(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.。(非限制性)
2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
b. 名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它能在復(fù)合句中作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。在名詞性從句中，連接詞that既沒有實(shí)際意義，又不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用, 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)經(jīng)常省去。
一、主語從句 (The Subject Clause)：在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，主語從句通常被置于句末，而用it作形式主語。
That light travels in straight line is known to all.
When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.
It was my fault that I had him play football yesterday afternoon.
It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
二、賓語從句 (The Object Clause)：主要作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，有時(shí)置于介詞或形容詞之后。
He said (that) his father had come back from the United States.
He asked how much I paid for the violin.
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.
如果賓語從句帶有補(bǔ)足語，通常用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句置于補(bǔ)足語之后。
I think it necessary that we should pay close attention to SARS.
We all feel it our duty that we should serve the people heart and soul.
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