★入黨申請(qǐng)書(shū)頻道為大家整理的名人故事：謎一樣的莎士比亞-名人故事，供大家閱讀參考。更多閱讀請(qǐng)查看本站入黨申請(qǐng)書(shū)頻道。
導(dǎo)讀：
英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期偉大的劇作家、詩(shī)人威廉·莎士比亞（1564-1616）無(wú)人不知，其作品在世界各地家喻戶曉，但關(guān)于莎翁本人的歷史記載卻寥寥無(wú)幾。莎翁的情感、生活、經(jīng)歷都如同謎一般，幾百年來(lái)讓無(wú)數(shù)學(xué)者苦苦探尋。讓我們從有限的資料中探尋這位偉大作家的人生歷程。
William Shakespeare is arguably the most famous author and poet of all time. His works are studied in grade school classrooms, college courses focus on his life and works, and professional authors look to him for inspiration. We know a great deal about the Bard注1 himself, but there is still much we do not know. The mysteries surrounding his life keep us interested and looking for more.
威廉·莎士比亞可以說(shuō)是有史以來(lái)有名的（英文）作家和詩(shī)人。小學(xué)課堂里教授他的作品，大學(xué)課程關(guān)注他的生平和作品，職業(yè)作家則從他那里汲取靈感。雖然我們知道許多有關(guān)這位詩(shī)人的事跡，但他仍然有很多事情不為人知。一直以來(lái)圍繞他一生的謎團(tuán)讓我們很感興趣，希望從中發(fā)掘更多。
Shakespeare's Early Years 早年生活
William Shakespeare was born in April of 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, on or around the 23rd day of the month. The exact date of his birth is unknown. Based on documents stating that he was baptized on the 26th of April, a rite that was traditionally conducted about three days following birth, we can assume that Shakespeare was born on the 23rd.
1564年4月，威廉·莎士比亞出生于（英國(guó)）埃文河畔斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)，日子大約是23日。其確切出生日期無(wú)人知曉。根據(jù)資料顯示，他在4月26日受洗，而該儀式一般在嬰兒出生約3天后進(jìn)行，所以我們推測(cè)莎士比亞在23號(hào)出生。
Very little is known about Shakespeare's education. It is thought he began grammar school in Stratford around age six, but it has been suggested that the school's records were intentionally destroyed, so there is no definitive proof. We do not know how long he remained a student, but missing records also suggest that Shakespeare never attended university. The question of education is cited by many claiming that Shakespeare did not write his now famous works.
人們對(duì)莎士比亞接受教育的情況也知之甚少。一般認(rèn)為他在6歲左右開(kāi)始在斯特拉福讀文法學(xué)校，但據(jù)稱學(xué)校記錄被人蓄意毀壞，所以沒(méi)有確鑿證據(jù)證明這點(diǎn)。我們不知道他當(dāng)了多少年學(xué)生，但缺失的記錄同時(shí)顯示莎士比亞沒(méi)上過(guò)大學(xué)。有關(guān)其教育的問(wèn)題被很多人引用，以說(shuō)明莎士比亞沒(méi)有寫下如今這幾部名作。
Shakespeare's Personal and Professional Life 個(gè)人生活及事業(yè)生涯
In 1582 at the age of 18, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, a woman eight years his senior. The couple had three children, including a son named Hamnet, who many believe was the inspiration for the name Hamlet in his famous play, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Susanna, the first of his children, was born just five months after their wedding, an event which at the time would have raised some eyebrows.
1582年，18歲的莎士比亞娶了比自己年長(zhǎng)8歲的女子安妮·哈瑟維。 夫妻倆生下了3個(gè)孩子，其中一個(gè)兒子取名哈姆內(nèi)特。很多人認(rèn)為戲劇《哈姆雷特》中哈姆雷特的名字正源于此。他的第一個(gè)孩子——蘇珊娜在婚禮后僅5個(gè)月就出生了，這種事情在當(dāng)時(shí)很容易引起非議。
Shakespeare was not only a playwright, but an actor as well, and served as a member of the acting troupe The Lord Chamberlain's Men (later known as the King's Men). By 1598, it became necessary for the group to build their own theater. Pooling their money, they built the Globe Theater (completed in 1599), and were financially rewarded for their investment thanks to high ticket sales. The Globe attracted lower and upper class citizens alike, and as a result Shakespeare's fame grew.
莎士比亞不僅是一位劇作家，還是一名演員。他是張伯倫勛爵劇團(tuán)（后來(lái)叫國(guó)王劇團(tuán)）的成員。到了1598年，劇團(tuán)需要建立自己的劇院。他們自己掏錢興建了環(huán)球劇場(chǎng)（1599年完工）。由于票房好，他們的投資獲得了不錯(cuò)的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。環(huán)球劇院不單吸引上流階層，社會(huì)底層人士同樣被它吸引，莎士比亞從此聲名鵲起。
Mysteries of William Shakespeare
—The Lost Years
莎士比亞之謎
——行蹤成謎的歲月
There are two distinct periods of time in which little to no documentation on Shakespeare exists. These periods have been called the Lost Years. The first period of missing years is from 1578 to 1582 when Shakespeare was married, and the second stretched from 1582 to 1592. Some suggest that during these lost years, Shakespeare may have dabbled in a variety of professions, including teacher or law clerk, or he may have been assisting his father with the family business of leather working and trade. Others believe Shakespeare was using these years to conduct extensive research, travel, and establish himself as a playwright in the theater industry.
有那么兩段明顯的時(shí)期，關(guān)于莎士比亞的文件記載極少甚至完全缺失。這些時(shí)期被稱為“行蹤成謎的歲月”。第一段缺失時(shí)期從1578年到1582年莎士比亞結(jié)婚；第二段時(shí)期則從1582年一直到1592年。有人說(shuō)在這些行蹤成謎的年月里，莎士比亞可能涉足各種各樣的職業(yè)，包括教師或法務(wù)，又或者協(xié)助其父親打理皮革加工貿(mào)易的家族生意。另一些人則認(rèn)為莎士比亞利用這些時(shí)間進(jìn)行廣泛研究、旅行，并奠定自己在戲劇行業(yè)的劇作家地位。
Shakespeare's Last Will 臨終遺囑
Shakespeare died in 1616 at the age of 52. During his life, he collected numerous pieces of property and had a substantial bit of money to his name. In his will, he bequeathed most of his properties to Susanna, his eldest daughter, and some actors from the King's Men. Famously, he left his wife his “second best bed注2” before he died on April 23rd, 1616 (this date is an educated guess because we only have a record of his burial two days later). This indicated she was to be given their marriage bed. Traditionally, the best bed was reserved for guests of a household.
莎士比亞于1616年去世，終年52 歲。他在有生之年積累了大量財(cái)產(chǎn)，名下也有充足的金錢。根據(jù)遺囑，他把大部分財(cái)產(chǎn)留給了長(zhǎng)女蘇珊娜以及國(guó)王劇團(tuán)的幾名演員。值得注意的是，在4月23日（這個(gè)日期是有根據(jù)的推測(cè)，因?yàn)槲覀冎挥兴麅商旌蟮脑岫Y記錄）去世之前，他將“第二好的床”留給了妻子，也就是說(shuō)她得到了兩人的婚床。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，好的床要留給家中客人使用。
Despite the limited information on the man, Shakespeare remains today one of the most famous playwrights in history.
雖然有關(guān)莎士比亞的資料很有限，時(shí)至今日，他依然是歷有名的劇作家之一。
注1：“bard”意為抒情詩(shī)人，而“the Bard”特指莎士比亞。
注2：后人對(duì)于莎士比亞特意提到把床留給其妻子一直有各種議論，比較有代表性的看法認(rèn)為這是莎士比亞對(duì)妻子不忠行為的一種諷刺。也有人認(rèn)為“第二好的床”是結(jié)婚時(shí)候用的床，表達(dá)了莎士比亞對(duì)妻子的愛(ài)。不過(guò)因?yàn)殛P(guān)于莎士比亞的資料太少，所以這些都只是猜測(cè)而已。
導(dǎo)讀：
英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期偉大的劇作家、詩(shī)人威廉·莎士比亞（1564-1616）無(wú)人不知，其作品在世界各地家喻戶曉，但關(guān)于莎翁本人的歷史記載卻寥寥無(wú)幾。莎翁的情感、生活、經(jīng)歷都如同謎一般，幾百年來(lái)讓無(wú)數(shù)學(xué)者苦苦探尋。讓我們從有限的資料中探尋這位偉大作家的人生歷程。
William Shakespeare is arguably the most famous author and poet of all time. His works are studied in grade school classrooms, college courses focus on his life and works, and professional authors look to him for inspiration. We know a great deal about the Bard注1 himself, but there is still much we do not know. The mysteries surrounding his life keep us interested and looking for more.
威廉·莎士比亞可以說(shuō)是有史以來(lái)有名的（英文）作家和詩(shī)人。小學(xué)課堂里教授他的作品，大學(xué)課程關(guān)注他的生平和作品，職業(yè)作家則從他那里汲取靈感。雖然我們知道許多有關(guān)這位詩(shī)人的事跡，但他仍然有很多事情不為人知。一直以來(lái)圍繞他一生的謎團(tuán)讓我們很感興趣，希望從中發(fā)掘更多。
Shakespeare's Early Years 早年生活
William Shakespeare was born in April of 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, on or around the 23rd day of the month. The exact date of his birth is unknown. Based on documents stating that he was baptized on the 26th of April, a rite that was traditionally conducted about three days following birth, we can assume that Shakespeare was born on the 23rd.
1564年4月，威廉·莎士比亞出生于（英國(guó)）埃文河畔斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)，日子大約是23日。其確切出生日期無(wú)人知曉。根據(jù)資料顯示，他在4月26日受洗，而該儀式一般在嬰兒出生約3天后進(jìn)行，所以我們推測(cè)莎士比亞在23號(hào)出生。
Very little is known about Shakespeare's education. It is thought he began grammar school in Stratford around age six, but it has been suggested that the school's records were intentionally destroyed, so there is no definitive proof. We do not know how long he remained a student, but missing records also suggest that Shakespeare never attended university. The question of education is cited by many claiming that Shakespeare did not write his now famous works.
人們對(duì)莎士比亞接受教育的情況也知之甚少。一般認(rèn)為他在6歲左右開(kāi)始在斯特拉福讀文法學(xué)校，但據(jù)稱學(xué)校記錄被人蓄意毀壞，所以沒(méi)有確鑿證據(jù)證明這點(diǎn)。我們不知道他當(dāng)了多少年學(xué)生，但缺失的記錄同時(shí)顯示莎士比亞沒(méi)上過(guò)大學(xué)。有關(guān)其教育的問(wèn)題被很多人引用，以說(shuō)明莎士比亞沒(méi)有寫下如今這幾部名作。
Shakespeare's Personal and Professional Life 個(gè)人生活及事業(yè)生涯
In 1582 at the age of 18, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, a woman eight years his senior. The couple had three children, including a son named Hamnet, who many believe was the inspiration for the name Hamlet in his famous play, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Susanna, the first of his children, was born just five months after their wedding, an event which at the time would have raised some eyebrows.
1582年，18歲的莎士比亞娶了比自己年長(zhǎng)8歲的女子安妮·哈瑟維。 夫妻倆生下了3個(gè)孩子，其中一個(gè)兒子取名哈姆內(nèi)特。很多人認(rèn)為戲劇《哈姆雷特》中哈姆雷特的名字正源于此。他的第一個(gè)孩子——蘇珊娜在婚禮后僅5個(gè)月就出生了，這種事情在當(dāng)時(shí)很容易引起非議。
Shakespeare was not only a playwright, but an actor as well, and served as a member of the acting troupe The Lord Chamberlain's Men (later known as the King's Men). By 1598, it became necessary for the group to build their own theater. Pooling their money, they built the Globe Theater (completed in 1599), and were financially rewarded for their investment thanks to high ticket sales. The Globe attracted lower and upper class citizens alike, and as a result Shakespeare's fame grew.
莎士比亞不僅是一位劇作家，還是一名演員。他是張伯倫勛爵劇團(tuán)（后來(lái)叫國(guó)王劇團(tuán)）的成員。到了1598年，劇團(tuán)需要建立自己的劇院。他們自己掏錢興建了環(huán)球劇場(chǎng)（1599年完工）。由于票房好，他們的投資獲得了不錯(cuò)的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。環(huán)球劇院不單吸引上流階層，社會(huì)底層人士同樣被它吸引，莎士比亞從此聲名鵲起。
Mysteries of William Shakespeare
—The Lost Years
莎士比亞之謎
——行蹤成謎的歲月
There are two distinct periods of time in which little to no documentation on Shakespeare exists. These periods have been called the Lost Years. The first period of missing years is from 1578 to 1582 when Shakespeare was married, and the second stretched from 1582 to 1592. Some suggest that during these lost years, Shakespeare may have dabbled in a variety of professions, including teacher or law clerk, or he may have been assisting his father with the family business of leather working and trade. Others believe Shakespeare was using these years to conduct extensive research, travel, and establish himself as a playwright in the theater industry.
有那么兩段明顯的時(shí)期，關(guān)于莎士比亞的文件記載極少甚至完全缺失。這些時(shí)期被稱為“行蹤成謎的歲月”。第一段缺失時(shí)期從1578年到1582年莎士比亞結(jié)婚；第二段時(shí)期則從1582年一直到1592年。有人說(shuō)在這些行蹤成謎的年月里，莎士比亞可能涉足各種各樣的職業(yè)，包括教師或法務(wù)，又或者協(xié)助其父親打理皮革加工貿(mào)易的家族生意。另一些人則認(rèn)為莎士比亞利用這些時(shí)間進(jìn)行廣泛研究、旅行，并奠定自己在戲劇行業(yè)的劇作家地位。
Shakespeare's Last Will 臨終遺囑
Shakespeare died in 1616 at the age of 52. During his life, he collected numerous pieces of property and had a substantial bit of money to his name. In his will, he bequeathed most of his properties to Susanna, his eldest daughter, and some actors from the King's Men. Famously, he left his wife his “second best bed注2” before he died on April 23rd, 1616 (this date is an educated guess because we only have a record of his burial two days later). This indicated she was to be given their marriage bed. Traditionally, the best bed was reserved for guests of a household.
莎士比亞于1616年去世，終年52 歲。他在有生之年積累了大量財(cái)產(chǎn)，名下也有充足的金錢。根據(jù)遺囑，他把大部分財(cái)產(chǎn)留給了長(zhǎng)女蘇珊娜以及國(guó)王劇團(tuán)的幾名演員。值得注意的是，在4月23日（這個(gè)日期是有根據(jù)的推測(cè)，因?yàn)槲覀冎挥兴麅商旌蟮脑岫Y記錄）去世之前，他將“第二好的床”留給了妻子，也就是說(shuō)她得到了兩人的婚床。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，好的床要留給家中客人使用。
Despite the limited information on the man, Shakespeare remains today one of the most famous playwrights in history.
雖然有關(guān)莎士比亞的資料很有限，時(shí)至今日，他依然是歷有名的劇作家之一。
注1：“bard”意為抒情詩(shī)人，而“the Bard”特指莎士比亞。
注2：后人對(duì)于莎士比亞特意提到把床留給其妻子一直有各種議論，比較有代表性的看法認(rèn)為這是莎士比亞對(duì)妻子不忠行為的一種諷刺。也有人認(rèn)為“第二好的床”是結(jié)婚時(shí)候用的床，表達(dá)了莎士比亞對(duì)妻子的愛(ài)。不過(guò)因?yàn)殛P(guān)于莎士比亞的資料太少，所以這些都只是猜測(cè)而已。