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Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?
Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.
Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.
1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn
13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification
19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail
答案：
1-5: ADBDC
6-10: BBDBA
11-15: ADCCC
16-20: CABAD
【答案詳解】
1. [標準答案] [A]
[考點分析] 本題考察邏輯關系
[選項分析] 因為考察邏輯關系，所以需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息為”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”(一個無現(xiàn)金社會不太可能馬上出現(xiàn))，而文章之前的信息都是在說我們可能馬上就進入一個無現(xiàn)金社會，兩者之間出現(xiàn)了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關系，因此只有however符合題意。B. moreover表遞進 C. therefore 表結(jié)果 D. Otherwise表對比
2. [標準答案] [D]
[考點分析] 上下文語義
[選項分析] 根據(jù)該句的but可知，其前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關系。后一句是說這種形式的社會并沒有真正有成果出來，所以前一句應該為這樣的預測已經(jīng)進行了二十年。其它選項不符合題意。
3. [標準答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞辨析
[選項分析] 該句意思為，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》預測電子支付手段“將很快徹底改變貨幣本身的____”。四個選項中，A.為力量 C“歷史” D“角色”，語義不正確，且如果選擇 role的話，應該是復數(shù)roles, 因為是金錢的作用不止一個，故答案選B。
4. [標準答案] [D]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 根據(jù)only知道，空格處所填單詞詞義應與前一句的”revolutionize”(變革)發(fā)生同義替換，因此ABCD四個選項中只有D.reverse (*)符合。A. reward 獎賞 B. resist 抵抗 C. resume 重新開始，繼續(xù)。
5. [標準答案] [C]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]根據(jù)上文得知，早在1975年就預測了無現(xiàn)金社會可能即將到來，而作者談到實際上“真正的無現(xiàn)金社會很可能不會馬上到來”，因此這種無現(xiàn)金社會只可能緩慢到來，故答案選擇C。 A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady平穩(wěn)的。
6.[標準答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及介詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 填空所在段開頭although表明對上一段的讓步關系，上一段的觀點為人們進入無現(xiàn)金時代的速度變緩慢的原因。因此這一段應該是說明盡管電子支付可能比紙幣支付方式更方便更高效，然而以下幾個方面解釋了紙幣系統(tǒng)“不會”消失的原因，只有B work against 違背、妨礙，符合題意。A. work for 為…而工作 C. work with 與…共事，對…起作用 D. work on 從事…工作，對…起作用，都不合適。
7.[標準答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]本填空所在句為對紙幣支付“不會”消失原因的解釋，即推廣電子支付方式不利之處。所以該題選項先排除productive富有成效的。而imaginative，意思是“虛構的、富于想象力的”;sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受傷害的”均不符合語義，只能選擇消極含義的選項expensive。
8.[標準答案] [D]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]空格所在句譯為...使得電子貨幣成為____支付方式，將四個選項帶入，C, D是比較恰當?shù)?，再結(jié)合本文章的主旨，應該選擇“占主導地位的，支配地位”這層意思的D選項。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，獨創(chuàng)的,都不合適。
9.[標準答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 紙質(zhì)支票支付擁有能夠____收據(jù)的優(yōu)勢，而客戶一般都不愿____。收據(jù)當然是由銀行開具，所以只能選擇provide。A. collect 收集收據(jù)，C. copy 復印收據(jù)，D. print打印收據(jù)都和實際生活不符合。
10.[標準答案] [A]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及固定搭配
[選項分析]該動詞短語的賓語是前文的something, 指代上文的advantage，紙質(zhì)支票支付能夠提供收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢，肯定是消費者不愿放棄的。和優(yōu)勢相搭配的動詞短語不能是B. take over接管，也不能是C. bring back拿回來，D. pass down傳遞、遺傳也不符合。A. give up放棄一種優(yōu)勢，符合語境，為正確答案。
11.[標準答案] A
[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關系
[選項分析] 本句是來解釋 “float”的。空格前面意為“需要花幾天”后半句意為紙支票兌現(xiàn)。上文提到講紙支票的兌現(xiàn)不像是電子支票，是不會馬上完成的，所以在紙支票在兌現(xiàn)前要是需要時間的。A before “在。。。之前”。B after “在。。。之后”。C since “自從”。D when “當。。。的時候”。結(jié)合上下文意思，很明顯只有A符合語境。
12. [標準答案] D
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 從“and”一詞可以看出此題與此11題緊密相連，若能正確理解上一題，此處就很容易選出。意思是在紙支票兌現(xiàn)及錢從帳戶取出之前，A kept “保持”。B borrowed “借”。C released “釋放，發(fā)布”。D withdraw “取錢”。所以結(jié)合上下文可以得出只有D項符合語境。
13.[標準答案] C
[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關系
[選項分析]前句子含義是電子支票是及時的，后半句含義是用戶不能享有“浮動”帶來有好處?？梢钥闯稣湓捠且粋€因為關系。A .Unless “除非”。 B .Until “直到。。。才”。C.Because “因為”。D .Though “然而”。根據(jù)上下文含義，應選C.
14.[標準答案] C
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 此處是一個短句，明顯缺少一個謂語動詞，通過最后一個單詞concerns可以看出本句的含義是電子支付方式引發(fā)安全及隱私的問題。四個選項中只有raise和concerns搭配時符合文意。所以選C。
15. [標準答案] C
[考點分析] 后置定語
[選項分析]存儲信息是通常有固定的動詞store。所以選C。
16. [標準答案] C
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 上文提出電子支票的壞處，本句話意思是“因為這種事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生”，所以形容意思應為普遍的，但因為本句用的雙重否定表肯定，所以選填詞匯意思應為不普遍的。結(jié)合選項A unsafe “不安全”。B unnatural “不自然的”。C uncommon “不是普遍的” D
unclear “不清楚的”。所以只有C項符合本句話意思。
17. [標準答案] A
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞義辨析
[選項分析] 本句話是講電子支票的存在的風險，含義是那些不道德的人就可能通過轉(zhuǎn)移帳戶從而偷取別人的存款。動詞應為貶義，可以排除 [B] [C] [D]選項。故選[A]。
18. [標準答案] B
[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞義辨析
[選項分析] 上文提出電子支票的風險，本句話提出解決辦法，但是防止此類詐騙不是容易的事。結(jié)合選項A consideration “考慮”。B prevetion “阻止，防止”。C manipulation “操縱” D jusitification“理由，辯護”。結(jié)合語境只有B符合。
19. [標準答案] A
[考點分析] 動詞固定搭配
[選項分析] 根據(jù)上下文應該選一個“應對”安全問題含義的動詞詞組，所以可以排除C項和D項，B是“對抗，反抗”，A 是“處理應對”，所以A項是答案。
20. [標準答案] D
[選項分析] 上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析
[考點分析] 本句提出電子支票的另一個風險，電子支票可追蹤包括大量有關個人購物習慣的信息。根據(jù)文意可以排除A 項和B項，C path “小路，道路,強調(diào)路徑。D trail “痕跡，蹤跡”，符合上下文，所以選D。
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?
Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.
Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.
1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn
13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification
19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail
答案：
1-5: ADBDC
6-10: BBDBA
11-15: ADCCC
16-20: CABAD
【答案詳解】
1. [標準答案] [A]
[考點分析] 本題考察邏輯關系
[選項分析] 因為考察邏輯關系，所以需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息為”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”(一個無現(xiàn)金社會不太可能馬上出現(xiàn))，而文章之前的信息都是在說我們可能馬上就進入一個無現(xiàn)金社會，兩者之間出現(xiàn)了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關系，因此只有however符合題意。B. moreover表遞進 C. therefore 表結(jié)果 D. Otherwise表對比
2. [標準答案] [D]
[考點分析] 上下文語義
[選項分析] 根據(jù)該句的but可知，其前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關系。后一句是說這種形式的社會并沒有真正有成果出來，所以前一句應該為這樣的預測已經(jīng)進行了二十年。其它選項不符合題意。
3. [標準答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞辨析
[選項分析] 該句意思為，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》預測電子支付手段“將很快徹底改變貨幣本身的____”。四個選項中，A.為力量 C“歷史” D“角色”，語義不正確，且如果選擇 role的話，應該是復數(shù)roles, 因為是金錢的作用不止一個，故答案選B。
4. [標準答案] [D]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 根據(jù)only知道，空格處所填單詞詞義應與前一句的”revolutionize”(變革)發(fā)生同義替換，因此ABCD四個選項中只有D.reverse (*)符合。A. reward 獎賞 B. resist 抵抗 C. resume 重新開始，繼續(xù)。
5. [標準答案] [C]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]根據(jù)上文得知，早在1975年就預測了無現(xiàn)金社會可能即將到來，而作者談到實際上“真正的無現(xiàn)金社會很可能不會馬上到來”，因此這種無現(xiàn)金社會只可能緩慢到來，故答案選擇C。 A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady平穩(wěn)的。
6.[標準答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及介詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 填空所在段開頭although表明對上一段的讓步關系，上一段的觀點為人們進入無現(xiàn)金時代的速度變緩慢的原因。因此這一段應該是說明盡管電子支付可能比紙幣支付方式更方便更高效，然而以下幾個方面解釋了紙幣系統(tǒng)“不會”消失的原因，只有B work against 違背、妨礙，符合題意。A. work for 為…而工作 C. work with 與…共事，對…起作用 D. work on 從事…工作，對…起作用，都不合適。
7.[標準答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]本填空所在句為對紙幣支付“不會”消失原因的解釋，即推廣電子支付方式不利之處。所以該題選項先排除productive富有成效的。而imaginative，意思是“虛構的、富于想象力的”;sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受傷害的”均不符合語義，只能選擇消極含義的選項expensive。
8.[標準答案] [D]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]空格所在句譯為...使得電子貨幣成為____支付方式，將四個選項帶入，C, D是比較恰當?shù)?，再結(jié)合本文章的主旨，應該選擇“占主導地位的，支配地位”這層意思的D選項。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，獨創(chuàng)的,都不合適。
9.[標準答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 紙質(zhì)支票支付擁有能夠____收據(jù)的優(yōu)勢，而客戶一般都不愿____。收據(jù)當然是由銀行開具，所以只能選擇provide。A. collect 收集收據(jù)，C. copy 復印收據(jù)，D. print打印收據(jù)都和實際生活不符合。
10.[標準答案] [A]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及固定搭配
[選項分析]該動詞短語的賓語是前文的something, 指代上文的advantage，紙質(zhì)支票支付能夠提供收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢，肯定是消費者不愿放棄的。和優(yōu)勢相搭配的動詞短語不能是B. take over接管，也不能是C. bring back拿回來，D. pass down傳遞、遺傳也不符合。A. give up放棄一種優(yōu)勢，符合語境，為正確答案。
11.[標準答案] A
[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關系
[選項分析] 本句是來解釋 “float”的。空格前面意為“需要花幾天”后半句意為紙支票兌現(xiàn)。上文提到講紙支票的兌現(xiàn)不像是電子支票，是不會馬上完成的，所以在紙支票在兌現(xiàn)前要是需要時間的。A before “在。。。之前”。B after “在。。。之后”。C since “自從”。D when “當。。。的時候”。結(jié)合上下文意思，很明顯只有A符合語境。
12. [標準答案] D
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 從“and”一詞可以看出此題與此11題緊密相連，若能正確理解上一題，此處就很容易選出。意思是在紙支票兌現(xiàn)及錢從帳戶取出之前，A kept “保持”。B borrowed “借”。C released “釋放，發(fā)布”。D withdraw “取錢”。所以結(jié)合上下文可以得出只有D項符合語境。
13.[標準答案] C
[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關系
[選項分析]前句子含義是電子支票是及時的，后半句含義是用戶不能享有“浮動”帶來有好處?？梢钥闯稣湓捠且粋€因為關系。A .Unless “除非”。 B .Until “直到。。。才”。C.Because “因為”。D .Though “然而”。根據(jù)上下文含義，應選C.
14.[標準答案] C
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 此處是一個短句，明顯缺少一個謂語動詞，通過最后一個單詞concerns可以看出本句的含義是電子支付方式引發(fā)安全及隱私的問題。四個選項中只有raise和concerns搭配時符合文意。所以選C。
15. [標準答案] C
[考點分析] 后置定語
[選項分析]存儲信息是通常有固定的動詞store。所以選C。
16. [標準答案] C
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 上文提出電子支票的壞處，本句話意思是“因為這種事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生”，所以形容意思應為普遍的，但因為本句用的雙重否定表肯定，所以選填詞匯意思應為不普遍的。結(jié)合選項A unsafe “不安全”。B unnatural “不自然的”。C uncommon “不是普遍的” D
unclear “不清楚的”。所以只有C項符合本句話意思。
17. [標準答案] A
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞義辨析
[選項分析] 本句話是講電子支票的存在的風險，含義是那些不道德的人就可能通過轉(zhuǎn)移帳戶從而偷取別人的存款。動詞應為貶義，可以排除 [B] [C] [D]選項。故選[A]。
18. [標準答案] B
[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞義辨析
[選項分析] 上文提出電子支票的風險，本句話提出解決辦法，但是防止此類詐騙不是容易的事。結(jié)合選項A consideration “考慮”。B prevetion “阻止，防止”。C manipulation “操縱” D jusitification“理由，辯護”。結(jié)合語境只有B符合。
19. [標準答案] A
[考點分析] 動詞固定搭配
[選項分析] 根據(jù)上下文應該選一個“應對”安全問題含義的動詞詞組，所以可以排除C項和D項，B是“對抗，反抗”，A 是“處理應對”，所以A項是答案。
20. [標準答案] D
[選項分析] 上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析
[考點分析] 本句提出電子支票的另一個風險，電子支票可追蹤包括大量有關個人購物習慣的信息。根據(jù)文意可以排除A 項和B項，C path “小路，道路,強調(diào)路徑。D trail “痕跡，蹤跡”，符合上下文，所以選D。