為大家整理的限制性與非限制性定語從句區(qū)別，供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考！
一、在句中作用不同
限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。
非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對其作一些附加說明,不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去,主句的意義仍然完整。
二、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同
限制性定語從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切,所以不可以用逗號將其與主句隔開;而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,所以可用逗號將其與主句隔開。
例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?
你還記得教我們英語的那個女孩嗎?
例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
鐘是一種能夠告訴人們時間的儀器。
例 3. This is the place where he used to live.
這就是他過去居住的地方。
例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.
張先生昨天來看我,他是我的一位朋友。
例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.
我們沿著村里的大街向前走去,村民們正在那里趕集。
析:在前三個例句中,定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,為限制性定語從句,不可用逗號將其與主句隔開。在后兩個例句中,定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切,為非限制性定語從句,可用逗號將其與主句隔開。
三、先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同
大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語,而特殊情況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句,此時非限制性定語從句常由 which 引導(dǎo)。
例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.
一個中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫,這令我十分恐懼。
析:由語境可知,令“我”恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為“中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這整個一件事,因此先行詞為整個主句,此時應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。
例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語,這令所有在場的人感到非常驚訝。
析:由語境可知,令所有在場的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是“一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語”這整個一件事,因此先行詞為整個主句,此時應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
四、關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同
(一) that 不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
所有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,大多數(shù)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,但 that 不可。
例 1. 他送給他母親一臺彩電作為生日禮物,這使她非常高興。
誤: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot.
正: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.
例 2. 他沒通過這次考試,令我很失望。
誤: He didn't pass the exam, that disappointed me.
正: He didn't pass the exam, which disappointed me.
值得注意的是,不少同學(xué)誤認(rèn)為只有 which 才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,這個觀點(diǎn)是不正確的。使用非限制性定語從句時,如果先行詞指人,則用 who , which 或 whose 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;先行詞指物可用 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;先行詞表時間或地點(diǎn)且在從句中作時間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時,可用 when , where 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
例 1. We'll graduate in July, when we will be free.
我們將于七月份畢業(yè),到那時我們就自由了。
例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.
他們上周日到達(dá)南京,有個會議要在那里舉行。
(二)關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同
關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可用 who 來代替。
例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.
這是我在街上遇到的那個女孩。
析:先行詞 the girl 在限制性定語從句中作賓語,可用 who 代替 whom .
例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.
一個年輕的小伙子新交了一個女朋友,他想給她留下深刻的印象。
析:先行詞 a new girl friend 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,不可用 who 代替 whom .
在限制性定語從句中,先行詞指人時可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非限制性定語從句中先行詞指人時,不可用 that 代替 who/whom .
例:她有一個姐姐,她是教師。
誤: She has a sister, that is a teacher.
正: She has a sister, who is teacher.
(三)關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同
關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省去,非限制性定語從句的所有關(guān)系詞均不可省。
例 1. This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.
這就是他昨天丟的那本書。
析:先行詞 the book 在限制性定語從句中作賓語,關(guān)系代詞 which 或 that 可以省略。
例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.
他昨天丟了這本書,但現(xiàn)在已找到了。
析:先行詞 the book 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,關(guān)系代詞 which 不可省。
[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]
1. She heard a terrible noise, _________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. Have you ever been to Xi'an, _________ I left ten years ago.
A. which B. whose C. that D. /
3. The weather turned out to be very good, _________ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
4. His English, ________ used to be very poor is now excellent.
A. which B. that C. it D . whom
5. Some of the roads were flooded, __________ makes o
ur journey more difficult.
A. that B. it C. which D. who
6. I'll find a nice girl, _________ I want to marry.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
7. I'll come at ten, ________ I'll be free.
A. which B. that C. when D. what
8. She has two brothers, _________ are teachers.
A. who B. that C. whom D. /
9. Which answer is NOT true?
This is the factory ________ I visited yesterday.
A. that B. which C. / D. where
10. I still remember the days _________ I spent in Beijing.
A. when B. what C. that D. during
Key:
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
一、在句中作用不同
限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。
非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對其作一些附加說明,不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去,主句的意義仍然完整。
二、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同
限制性定語從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切,所以不可以用逗號將其與主句隔開;而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,所以可用逗號將其與主句隔開。
例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?
你還記得教我們英語的那個女孩嗎?
例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
鐘是一種能夠告訴人們時間的儀器。
例 3. This is the place where he used to live.
這就是他過去居住的地方。
例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.
張先生昨天來看我,他是我的一位朋友。
例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.
我們沿著村里的大街向前走去,村民們正在那里趕集。
析:在前三個例句中,定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,為限制性定語從句,不可用逗號將其與主句隔開。在后兩個例句中,定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切,為非限制性定語從句,可用逗號將其與主句隔開。
三、先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同
大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語,而特殊情況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句,此時非限制性定語從句常由 which 引導(dǎo)。
例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.
一個中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫,這令我十分恐懼。
析:由語境可知,令“我”恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為“中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這整個一件事,因此先行詞為整個主句,此時應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。
例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語,這令所有在場的人感到非常驚訝。
析:由語境可知,令所有在場的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是“一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語”這整個一件事,因此先行詞為整個主句,此時應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
四、關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同
(一) that 不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
所有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,大多數(shù)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,但 that 不可。
例 1. 他送給他母親一臺彩電作為生日禮物,這使她非常高興。
誤: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot.
正: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.
例 2. 他沒通過這次考試,令我很失望。
誤: He didn't pass the exam, that disappointed me.
正: He didn't pass the exam, which disappointed me.
值得注意的是,不少同學(xué)誤認(rèn)為只有 which 才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,這個觀點(diǎn)是不正確的。使用非限制性定語從句時,如果先行詞指人,則用 who , which 或 whose 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;先行詞指物可用 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;先行詞表時間或地點(diǎn)且在從句中作時間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時,可用 when , where 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
例 1. We'll graduate in July, when we will be free.
我們將于七月份畢業(yè),到那時我們就自由了。
例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.
他們上周日到達(dá)南京,有個會議要在那里舉行。
(二)關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同
關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可用 who 來代替。
例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.
這是我在街上遇到的那個女孩。
析:先行詞 the girl 在限制性定語從句中作賓語,可用 who 代替 whom .
例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.
一個年輕的小伙子新交了一個女朋友,他想給她留下深刻的印象。
析:先行詞 a new girl friend 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,不可用 who 代替 whom .
在限制性定語從句中,先行詞指人時可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非限制性定語從句中先行詞指人時,不可用 that 代替 who/whom .
例:她有一個姐姐,她是教師。
誤: She has a sister, that is a teacher.
正: She has a sister, who is teacher.
(三)關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同
關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省去,非限制性定語從句的所有關(guān)系詞均不可省。
例 1. This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.
這就是他昨天丟的那本書。
析:先行詞 the book 在限制性定語從句中作賓語,關(guān)系代詞 which 或 that 可以省略。
例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.
他昨天丟了這本書,但現(xiàn)在已找到了。
析:先行詞 the book 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,關(guān)系代詞 which 不可省。
[實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]
1. She heard a terrible noise, _________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. Have you ever been to Xi'an, _________ I left ten years ago.
A. which B. whose C. that D. /
3. The weather turned out to be very good, _________ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
4. His English, ________ used to be very poor is now excellent.
A. which B. that C. it D . whom
5. Some of the roads were flooded, __________ makes o
ur journey more difficult.
A. that B. it C. which D. who
6. I'll find a nice girl, _________ I want to marry.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
7. I'll come at ten, ________ I'll be free.
A. which B. that C. when D. what
8. She has two brothers, _________ are teachers.
A. who B. that C. whom D. /
9. Which answer is NOT true?
This is the factory ________ I visited yesterday.
A. that B. which C. / D. where
10. I still remember the days _________ I spent in Beijing.
A. when B. what C. that D. during
Key:
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C