★英語(yǔ)聽力頻道為大家整理的初中英語(yǔ)聽力mp3下載帶原文：狗是如何成為人類朋友的，供大家參考。更多閱讀請(qǐng)查看本站英語(yǔ)聽力頻道。
How Did Dogs Become “Man’s Best Friend?”
狗是如何讓成為“人類的朋友”的呢？
We’ve all heard the phrase “dog is man’s best friend.” But how did dogs get to be so friendly with humans? It turns out that dog domestication wasn’t simply a matter of teaching Fido to play “fetch.” Scientific research indicates that genetic selection played a key role as well.
我們都聽過(guò)這句話“狗是人類的朋友”。但是為什么狗對(duì)人類那么友好呢？事實(shí)證明狗的馴化并不是簡(jiǎn)單教會(huì)狗接住東西。科學(xué)家的研究表明，遺傳選擇也起到了一個(gè)重要的作用。
Dog Domestication
狗的馴化
We know that dog domestication began over ten thousand years ago. However, scientists have yet to reach a consensus on the details of how and why certain ancient wolves evolved into our furry canine friends.
我們知道狗的馴化開始于一萬(wàn)多年前。但是，科學(xué)家并未就遠(yuǎn)古狼如何以及為何演變成我們毛茸茸的犬類朋友而達(dá)成共識(shí)，并得到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。
Those details are getting clearer, though, thanks to a group of scientists working in Sweden and the United States. They analyzed the DNA from a dozen wolves and sixty dogs to determine which genetic markers distinguish domestic canines. In total, 122 specific genes that could be linked to domestication turned up.
但是得感謝瑞典和美國(guó)的一組科學(xué)家，他們讓這些細(xì)節(jié)變得明朗。他們分析了12只狼和60只狗的DNA，確定哪種遺傳標(biāo)記區(qū)別于被馴化的狗?？偣灿?22個(gè)特定基因被證實(shí)與已經(jīng)馴化的狗有聯(lián)系。
Doggie Diet
狗的飲食
Probably the most illuminating discovery was the importance of three of those genes to doggie diet: they help with starch digestion. It turns out that dogs possess significantly more copies of these genes than wolves do. As a result, your family pet is about five times better than its carnivorous relatives at digesting starchy foods like potatoes and rice.
可能啟蒙性的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，三個(gè)關(guān)于狗飲食的基因的重要性:他們幫助淀粉消化。這被證實(shí),狗比狼更多的復(fù)制了這些基因。結(jié)果就是你的狗比它的食肉親戚在消化淀粉類食物,如土豆和大米方面大約強(qiáng)五倍。
This genetic evidence links the most recent phase of canine evolution to human history: during the shift from a hunter gatherer to an agricultural society, we started eating more starch, too. Waste dumps near new human settlements would have provided an ideal place for canines to scavenge food–but only if they were willing to trade in carnivorous cravings for a more starchy supper.
基因證據(jù)表明，狗的進(jìn)化與人類社會(huì)的歷史發(fā)展有關(guān)聯(lián):從狩獵社會(huì)到農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì),人類開始食用更多的淀粉食物。廢棄垃圾場(chǎng)就在人類的住所附近，這也為犬類提供了理想的覓食場(chǎng)所，但前提是它們?cè)敢夥艞壢馐扯x擇淀粉類食物。
So, there you have it: your pooch isn’t merely your best friend–it’s also your evolutionary partner!
所以，要知道，你的狗不僅僅是你的朋友，它也是你一同進(jìn)化的小伙伴。
How Did Dogs Become “Man’s Best Friend?”
狗是如何讓成為“人類的朋友”的呢？
We’ve all heard the phrase “dog is man’s best friend.” But how did dogs get to be so friendly with humans? It turns out that dog domestication wasn’t simply a matter of teaching Fido to play “fetch.” Scientific research indicates that genetic selection played a key role as well.
我們都聽過(guò)這句話“狗是人類的朋友”。但是為什么狗對(duì)人類那么友好呢？事實(shí)證明狗的馴化并不是簡(jiǎn)單教會(huì)狗接住東西。科學(xué)家的研究表明，遺傳選擇也起到了一個(gè)重要的作用。
Dog Domestication
狗的馴化
We know that dog domestication began over ten thousand years ago. However, scientists have yet to reach a consensus on the details of how and why certain ancient wolves evolved into our furry canine friends.
我們知道狗的馴化開始于一萬(wàn)多年前。但是，科學(xué)家并未就遠(yuǎn)古狼如何以及為何演變成我們毛茸茸的犬類朋友而達(dá)成共識(shí)，并得到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。
Those details are getting clearer, though, thanks to a group of scientists working in Sweden and the United States. They analyzed the DNA from a dozen wolves and sixty dogs to determine which genetic markers distinguish domestic canines. In total, 122 specific genes that could be linked to domestication turned up.
但是得感謝瑞典和美國(guó)的一組科學(xué)家，他們讓這些細(xì)節(jié)變得明朗。他們分析了12只狼和60只狗的DNA，確定哪種遺傳標(biāo)記區(qū)別于被馴化的狗?？偣灿?22個(gè)特定基因被證實(shí)與已經(jīng)馴化的狗有聯(lián)系。
Doggie Diet
狗的飲食
Probably the most illuminating discovery was the importance of three of those genes to doggie diet: they help with starch digestion. It turns out that dogs possess significantly more copies of these genes than wolves do. As a result, your family pet is about five times better than its carnivorous relatives at digesting starchy foods like potatoes and rice.
可能啟蒙性的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，三個(gè)關(guān)于狗飲食的基因的重要性:他們幫助淀粉消化。這被證實(shí),狗比狼更多的復(fù)制了這些基因。結(jié)果就是你的狗比它的食肉親戚在消化淀粉類食物,如土豆和大米方面大約強(qiáng)五倍。
This genetic evidence links the most recent phase of canine evolution to human history: during the shift from a hunter gatherer to an agricultural society, we started eating more starch, too. Waste dumps near new human settlements would have provided an ideal place for canines to scavenge food–but only if they were willing to trade in carnivorous cravings for a more starchy supper.
基因證據(jù)表明，狗的進(jìn)化與人類社會(huì)的歷史發(fā)展有關(guān)聯(lián):從狩獵社會(huì)到農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì),人類開始食用更多的淀粉食物。廢棄垃圾場(chǎng)就在人類的住所附近，這也為犬類提供了理想的覓食場(chǎng)所，但前提是它們?cè)敢夥艞壢馐扯x擇淀粉類食物。
So, there you have it: your pooch isn’t merely your best friend–it’s also your evolutionary partner!
所以，要知道，你的狗不僅僅是你的朋友，它也是你一同進(jìn)化的小伙伴。