2017年12月六級考試馬上到來了，為了讓同學(xué)們更好準(zhǔn)備六級考試，特別整理了《2017年12月英語六級閱讀練習(xí)：認(rèn)知與學(xué)習(xí)》，希望可以為大家?guī)韼椭? 預(yù)祝大家高分通過考試。
o say that the child learns by imitation and thatthe way to teach is to set a good exampleoversimplifies.No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him tofollow is ignored while he takes over contrarypatterns from some other example. Therefore wemust tum to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see. monkey do".
Look at it from the child's point of view.Here he is in a new situation,lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends.If he lacks a ready response for thesituation, and cannot reason out what to do.he observes a model who seems able to get theright result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain hisimmediate goal only io find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message. be istold emphatically that such a racket (叫嚷) is unpleasant, that he should walk into the nextroom and say his say quietly. Thus. the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid withthe desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child leamsis that he gets moreaffection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award someactions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
In finding trial responses. the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates theperson who seemsa good person to be like. rather than a person whose social status hewished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy thetechniques of capable players;while some other person may most influence his approach tobooks.
Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole. and he becomes anidentifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations. imitatingmuch that they do. We leam that they are dependable and rewarding models becauseimitating them leads to success.
1. By the last sentence of the first paragraph, the author_______________.
A) compares children’s behaviors to monkeys'
B) tells us that children do not learn by imitation
C) thinks it is partial co regard imitation as"Monkey see, monkey do"
D) means that children should not learn by imitating their parents
2. The first element at work when a child learns by imitation is__________________.
A) the need to find a way to attain the desired goal
B) the desire to be acknowledged by his social group
C) the desire to find an expert and authority
D) the need to find a way to avoid criticism
3. According to the third paragraph, besides achieving his goals. a child should alsoleam to_____.
A) attain his desired results as soon as possible
B) show his love for his parents and friends
C) talk in a low voice
D) behave properly
4. It can be inferred that children usually imitate people______________.
A) who do not scold them
B) who they want to be like
C) who have a high social status
D) who give them many rewards
5. The last two paragraphs are mainly about_________________.
A) how children leam by imitation
B) the motive of children’s imitation
C) how children choose models
D) how imitation influence children’s growth
1.作者第一段的最后一句話______________。
A)將兒童的行為與猴子的行為作了比較
B)告訴我們兒童不是靠模仿來學(xué)習(xí)的
C)告訴我們，作者認(rèn)為把模仿看做“有樣學(xué)樣”是不全面的
D)意思是孩子不應(yīng)該通過模仿父母來學(xué)習(xí)
[C]首段末句提到，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)放棄“小猴看樣學(xué)樣”的觀點(diǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)而探索型深奧的理論。而文章首句中也說斷言孩子們通過模仿來學(xué)習(xí)是把問題過于簡單化了。結(jié)合這兩句可知，認(rèn)為模仿就是“小猴看樣學(xué)樣”有失偏頗，因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。
2.孩子通過模仿來學(xué)習(xí)時，第一個起作用的因素是_________________。
A)需要找到一個方法來獲得想要的目標(biāo)
B)想要獲得他的社會群體的認(rèn)可
C)想要找到一個專家和權(quán)威
D)需要找到一個方法來避免受批評
[A]第2段第2、3句提到，孩子處在新情況下，沒有形成現(xiàn)成的反應(yīng)。他尋找一個能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)一定目的的反應(yīng)。如果他對這個新情況既沒有現(xiàn)成反應(yīng)，又不能想出該怎么去做，就會想通過模仿來學(xué)習(xí)。所以在這個過程中起作用的第一個因素是尋找一個能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)一定目的的反應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。
3.根據(jù)第三段講到的內(nèi)容，除了獲得目標(biāo)，兒童也應(yīng)該學(xué)會____________。
A)盡快獲得他想要的結(jié)果
B)顯示出他愛父母和朋友
C)低聲說話
D)做出恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨?BR> [D]第3段第2句提到，孩子們也許能夠立刻實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的直接目標(biāo)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的這種做法遭到其監(jiān)護(hù)人的批評。接著通過舉例說明孩子還得學(xué)會舉止得當(dāng)。因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
4.可以推論出，兒童通常會模仿________________。
A)很少責(zé)罵自己的人
B)他們想要成為的人
C)有較高社會地位的人
D)給他們很多獎勵的人
[B]第4段第2句提到，孩子會模仿那些看上去值得效仿的人，第3句舉例如果這個學(xué)生想成為一個卓越的小提琴手，他就會觀察并模仿一個出色琴手的技巧，也就是說他們會模仿那些他們想成為的人，因此選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
5.最后兩段主要是講___________________。
A)兒童如何靠模仿來學(xué)習(xí)
B)兒童模仿的動機(jī)
C)兒童最可能選擇什么樣的人來模仿
D)模仿是怎樣影響兒童的成長的
[C]文章倒數(shù)第2、3段提到，“學(xué)習(xí)者不會隨便選擇模仿對象”，“他模仿那些看上去值得效仿的人”，“我們知道他們是可靠、值得模仿的對象，因?yàn)槟７滤麄兛梢宰呦虺晒Α?，可見最后兩段都是關(guān)于如何選擇榜樣的，所以選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。
o say that the child learns by imitation and thatthe way to teach is to set a good exampleoversimplifies.No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him tofollow is ignored while he takes over contrarypatterns from some other example. Therefore wemust tum to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see. monkey do".
Look at it from the child's point of view.Here he is in a new situation,lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends.If he lacks a ready response for thesituation, and cannot reason out what to do.he observes a model who seems able to get theright result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain hisimmediate goal only io find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message. be istold emphatically that such a racket (叫嚷) is unpleasant, that he should walk into the nextroom and say his say quietly. Thus. the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid withthe desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child leamsis that he gets moreaffection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award someactions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
In finding trial responses. the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates theperson who seemsa good person to be like. rather than a person whose social status hewished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy thetechniques of capable players;while some other person may most influence his approach tobooks.
Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole. and he becomes anidentifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations. imitatingmuch that they do. We leam that they are dependable and rewarding models becauseimitating them leads to success.
1. By the last sentence of the first paragraph, the author_______________.
A) compares children’s behaviors to monkeys'
B) tells us that children do not learn by imitation
C) thinks it is partial co regard imitation as"Monkey see, monkey do"
D) means that children should not learn by imitating their parents
2. The first element at work when a child learns by imitation is__________________.
A) the need to find a way to attain the desired goal
B) the desire to be acknowledged by his social group
C) the desire to find an expert and authority
D) the need to find a way to avoid criticism
3. According to the third paragraph, besides achieving his goals. a child should alsoleam to_____.
A) attain his desired results as soon as possible
B) show his love for his parents and friends
C) talk in a low voice
D) behave properly
4. It can be inferred that children usually imitate people______________.
A) who do not scold them
B) who they want to be like
C) who have a high social status
D) who give them many rewards
5. The last two paragraphs are mainly about_________________.
A) how children leam by imitation
B) the motive of children’s imitation
C) how children choose models
D) how imitation influence children’s growth
1.作者第一段的最后一句話______________。
A)將兒童的行為與猴子的行為作了比較
B)告訴我們兒童不是靠模仿來學(xué)習(xí)的
C)告訴我們，作者認(rèn)為把模仿看做“有樣學(xué)樣”是不全面的
D)意思是孩子不應(yīng)該通過模仿父母來學(xué)習(xí)
[C]首段末句提到，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)放棄“小猴看樣學(xué)樣”的觀點(diǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)而探索型深奧的理論。而文章首句中也說斷言孩子們通過模仿來學(xué)習(xí)是把問題過于簡單化了。結(jié)合這兩句可知，認(rèn)為模仿就是“小猴看樣學(xué)樣”有失偏頗，因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。
2.孩子通過模仿來學(xué)習(xí)時，第一個起作用的因素是_________________。
A)需要找到一個方法來獲得想要的目標(biāo)
B)想要獲得他的社會群體的認(rèn)可
C)想要找到一個專家和權(quán)威
D)需要找到一個方法來避免受批評
[A]第2段第2、3句提到，孩子處在新情況下，沒有形成現(xiàn)成的反應(yīng)。他尋找一個能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)一定目的的反應(yīng)。如果他對這個新情況既沒有現(xiàn)成反應(yīng)，又不能想出該怎么去做，就會想通過模仿來學(xué)習(xí)。所以在這個過程中起作用的第一個因素是尋找一個能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)一定目的的反應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。
3.根據(jù)第三段講到的內(nèi)容，除了獲得目標(biāo)，兒童也應(yīng)該學(xué)會____________。
A)盡快獲得他想要的結(jié)果
B)顯示出他愛父母和朋友
C)低聲說話
D)做出恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨?BR> [D]第3段第2句提到，孩子們也許能夠立刻實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的直接目標(biāo)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的這種做法遭到其監(jiān)護(hù)人的批評。接著通過舉例說明孩子還得學(xué)會舉止得當(dāng)。因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
4.可以推論出，兒童通常會模仿________________。
A)很少責(zé)罵自己的人
B)他們想要成為的人
C)有較高社會地位的人
D)給他們很多獎勵的人
[B]第4段第2句提到，孩子會模仿那些看上去值得效仿的人，第3句舉例如果這個學(xué)生想成為一個卓越的小提琴手，他就會觀察并模仿一個出色琴手的技巧，也就是說他們會模仿那些他們想成為的人，因此選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
5.最后兩段主要是講___________________。
A)兒童如何靠模仿來學(xué)習(xí)
B)兒童模仿的動機(jī)
C)兒童最可能選擇什么樣的人來模仿
D)模仿是怎樣影響兒童的成長的
[C]文章倒數(shù)第2、3段提到，“學(xué)習(xí)者不會隨便選擇模仿對象”，“他模仿那些看上去值得效仿的人”，“我們知道他們是可靠、值得模仿的對象，因?yàn)槟７滤麄兛梢宰呦虺晒Α?，可見最后兩段都是關(guān)于如何選擇榜樣的，所以選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。