這篇關(guān)于初一下冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)2013，是特地為大家整理的，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助！
1. 談?wù)撨^去的事用語介紹：
1) –What did you do last night?-I watched TV at home.
2) –Where did you go last Sunday?-I went to the zoo.
3) –Whom did you visit yesterday?-I went to see my uncle.
4) –Did you read a book this morning?-No, I didn’t. I wrote a letter to my father.
在談?wù)搫倓偘l(fā)生的事情就需要用一般過去時(shí)，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式形式，句中多有l(wèi)ast night, last month, last year, yesterday, two days ago, in1978等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。
2. 一般過去時(shí)
1) 一般過去式的構(gòu)成：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的變化可速記為“直，去，雙，改”四字訣。
a) 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加-ed.如，want-wanted
b) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加-ed，如，hope-hoped
c) 重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed.如，stop-stopped
d) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i,再加-ed.如，study-studied.
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，要逐一熟記。Be動(dòng)詞過去式有兩種形式，主語是第一，三人稱單數(shù)形式用was,其他人稱用were.
2) 一般過去時(shí)的形式
a) Be動(dòng)詞過去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasn’t/were not=weren’t。一般疑問句是把was/were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大寫。
b) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式的句式：肯定式：主語+動(dòng)詞故去式+其它。如，They had a good time yesterday.
否定式：主語+did not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如，They didn’t have a good time yesterday.
一般疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語+did. 否定回答：No,主語+didn’t.如，Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?如，What time did you finish your homework?
3) 一般過去時(shí)的用法：
a) 主要用于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。My father worked in Shanghai last year.
b) 表示故去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與 often,always等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。I often went to school on foot.
c) 與when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用。 When he got home, he had a short rest.
4)表示一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：
a moment ago剛才 yesterday morning, last night, last week, the day before yesterday前天, just now剛才
3.Over的用法
1)over the weekend中的over意思是“在…期間”相當(dāng)于during.
2)over表示“在…正上方“不接觸物體表面;on表示“在..上面”物體是可以接觸到的.over的反義詞under.
3)over也表示”超過,多于”相當(dāng)于more than
4)all over the world這里的over是”遍及”的意思.
5)over there中的over是 “越過,在那邊”
4. “do some+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示 “做….,干….,進(jìn)行…..”其中動(dòng)名詞作賓語.
如,do some washing 洗衣服
5. practice doing練習(xí)做某事
6.介詞on, in, at都表示時(shí)間. On用于某日的時(shí)間前; in用于某年或某月的時(shí)間前;at用于幾點(diǎn)的時(shí)間前.
◆unit 6 Where are the jazz music?
目標(biāo)語言:ask for and give directions inside a building
重點(diǎn)句型:Where’s the classical music? Go upstairs and turn right.It’s next to the jazz music.
Where’s the dance music? Go straight and turn left. It’s between the pop and the country.
What’s Bob’s favorite kind of music? His favorite music is classical Who’s Carla’s favorite group? Her favorite group is Boys from Brazil.
Do you like the Latin Sound? No, I don’t. They’re awful.
Where’s the dance music section? I don’t know.
重點(diǎn)詞組:in front of, and so on, turn left, go upstairs, next to, between…and…,a kind of, on the right, have fun
知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1問路的句式小結(jié)：
1)“特殊疑問句”類句型
d) Excuse me. Where is the …,please?
e) Excuse me. Which is the way to the…,please?
f) Excuse me. How can I get to the…, please?
2)“一般疑問句”類句型
g) Could/Can you tell me how I can get to the…?
h) Could /Can you tell me the way to the…?
i) Could/Can you tell me how to get to the…,please?
j) Could /Can you tell me which is the way to the…?
k) Excuse me. Is this the right way to the…?
l) Excuse me. Do you know the way to the…?
2談?wù)撓矚g的歌手,歌曲和音樂組合
1) –Do you like music?
-Yes, I like music very much/a lot/a little.
-No, I don’t like music at all.
2)- Are you interested in folk songs(民歌)?
-Yes, I am.
3) – Are you fond of music?
- Yes, I am.
4)- What’s your favorite kind of music?
- American country music.(美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂)
5)-Who is your favorite music group?
-Backstreet Boy.
6)- What do you think of Tian Zhen’songs?
- I think they are wonderful.
3.表示位置的幾個(gè)詞
1) next to “……的旁邊,緊接著”
2) between…and…在…和…之間,between指兩者之間
3) among在…中間,指三者以上
4) in front of在…前面,指在(本部分之外)的前面; in the front of指在(本部分之內(nèi))的前面.
5) at在某個(gè)具體的地點(diǎn)
6) outside在…之外 outside the gate在門外
4 afraid 的用法
Afraid是形容詞,一般在句中用作表語,不能用作定語。意思是 “擔(dān)心,害怕,恐怕,恐懼”.afraid常用于以下三種句式:
1) be afraid of sb or sth.或be afraid of doing sth.表示害怕某人或某事,后接動(dòng)名詞，表示怕做某事,只是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí),不帶感情色彩.
2) be afraid to do sth.后接動(dòng)詞不定式,往往指主觀上怕去做某事,側(cè)重表示 “因?yàn)閾?dān)心后果嚴(yán)重而不敢也不愿做某事”如,Lily is afraid to go out at night.
3) I’m afraid…我恐怕..當(dāng)聽了對(duì)方所說的話,而不能滿足對(duì)方的意愿時(shí),為了使語氣較為委婉,常用此語.如,Can you help me with my English? I’m afraid not.當(dāng)不同意對(duì)方的建議,邀請(qǐng),陳述時(shí),我們可以用I’m afraid not;反之用I’m afraid so.
◆ unit 7 What does he look like?
目標(biāo)語言: Describe people’s appearance
重點(diǎn)句型: What does your friend look like? She has a medium build and she has long hair.
He is tall. He is heavy. He has curly hair. He is medium height. He is thin.
She has long hair. She is short. She has a medium build. She has short hair.
He has a beard. He wears glasses. He has a mustache. He has blonde hair.
He is bald. She always wears a red dress and white shoes.
重點(diǎn)詞組:look like, straight hair, medium build, short hair, curly hair, long hair, blonde hair,brown hair,tell jokes
知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)-----一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
在英語中,不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和情況,要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示.這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式叫做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).我們初級(jí)階段接觸到的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)主要有: 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 一般過去時(shí)態(tài), 一般將來時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),過去完成時(shí)態(tài). 判斷一個(gè)句子使用什么時(shí)態(tài)主要看這個(gè)句子中的動(dòng)詞,其次看句子中的副詞和時(shí)間狀語. 在這講中我們先來學(xué)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài).
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法:
l. 表示經(jīng)?；蛘叻磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. 如: 我每天吃午飯. I have lunch every day.
還表示現(xiàn)在存在的一種狀態(tài). 如：我姐姐是一位老師.My sister is a teacher.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)經(jīng)常與often(經(jīng)常)sometimes(有時(shí))always(總是)usually(通常)等副詞連用，也經(jīng)常與every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每月), every term(每學(xué)期), every year(每年), once a week (一周一次)，twice a year(一年兩次)等時(shí)間狀語連用。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)分為be 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
1) be動(dòng)詞包括am，is，are. 中文為"是"， 這三個(gè)詞的用法要隨著主語的變化而變化。 "am" 用于第一人稱單數(shù)(I); "is" 用于第三人稱單數(shù)(he，she，it); "are "用于第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)(we)，第二人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)(you), 第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)( they)。 可以記住以下順口溜： am管 "我"， is管"，她，它，他"， are管"大家"。
2) 一般疑問句和否定句
I am a teacher. (我是一位老師)
You are his friend.(你是他的朋友)
She is a nurse.(她是一名護(hù)士)
以上三個(gè)句子都是肯定句. 此.類句子變成疑問句和否定句時(shí),有些地方的語序和漢語不同,需特別注意.變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí),把be 動(dòng)詞"am，is，are" 放在句首,回答時(shí)也要使用be動(dòng)詞;變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),把表示否定的not 放在 "am is are" 的后面, 其中可以簡(jiǎn)寫為：is not---- isn't
are not---- aren't， am not 沒有簡(jiǎn)寫形式。 .
如：Am I a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)
Are you his friend? Yes, you are. (No, you are not.)
Is she a nurse? Yes, she is. (No, she is not.)
注意：如果are not, is not放在句尾時(shí)，不能使用簡(jiǎn)寫，必須寫出整個(gè)單詞。
否定句為：I am not a teacher. You are not his friend. She is not a nurse.
3)如果句子的動(dòng)詞不是be 動(dòng)詞 "am is are" 而是其他實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 疑問句和否定句要借助于助動(dòng)詞"do"或者 "does"， 也就是說be 動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形不能同時(shí)使用。 這里的 "do"，"does" 本身沒有什么意義，只是幫助構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句. 一般疑問句讀時(shí)必須用降調(diào).
"do"和 "does"的使用要隨著人稱的變化而變化。請(qǐng)看下面兩組句子，注意區(qū)分他們的共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。
I go to school every day. He goes to school every day.
I don't go to school every day. He doesn't go to school every day.
Do you go to school every day? Does he go to school every day?
Yes, I do. (No, I don't) Yes, he does. (No, he doesn't)
這兩組句子中，由于人稱的不同，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)也不同，具體如下：
當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，肯定句為：主語+動(dòng)詞的s形式+賓語
否定句為：主語+助動(dòng)詞doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
疑問句為：Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助動(dòng)詞does.
注：第三人稱單數(shù)用了 does 后面就不用動(dòng)詞的s形式了,而用動(dòng)詞原形.
動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 除了第三人稱單數(shù)(he she it) 外,其余都用動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)主語是其他人稱時(shí)，肯定句為：主語+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
否定句為：主語+助動(dòng)詞don't+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
疑問句為：Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助動(dòng)詞do.
注：變?yōu)橐蓡柧?要在句首加"do" ; 變?yōu)榉穸ň? 要在動(dòng)詞前面加"do not", 可以簡(jiǎn)寫為 "don't".
2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則。
1) 一般在動(dòng)詞后加-s詞尾。如，come-comes live-lives
2) 在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o結(jié)尾的詞后要加-es, 如，
teach-teaches catch-catches wish-wishes wash-washes
miss-misses guess-guesses mix-mixes fix-fixes
go-goes do-does
3) 以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為I 再加es,如，
Try-tries study-studies reply-replies fly-flies
3look的用法
1) look like看起來象，其中l(wèi)ike 是介詞。如，He looks like his father.
2) look at看。。如，Look at the blackboard.
3) look the same看起來很像。如，Lucy and Lily look the same.
4) look for尋找.如，They are looking for the lost child.
5) look over(醫(yī)生)檢查The doctor is looking over the old woman.
6) Look up抬頭看;(在詞典或參考書中)查找 He’s looking up at the picture.
4. 詞語辨析
Wear意為“穿著，戴著”，表示穿，戴的狀態(tài)。而put on意思為“穿上，戴上”，表示穿，戴的動(dòng)作。
5. stop doing sth停止做某事; stop to do停下來去做某事
6. remember to do sth 記著要去做某事;remember doing sth.記著(已經(jīng))做過某事;remember sth/sb記得某物或某人
7. 復(fù)合形容詞構(gòu)詞法
1) 形容詞+動(dòng)詞-ing,如，Our teacher is easy-going.
2) 名詞+過去分詞，如，This is a man-made satellite.
3) 數(shù)詞+名詞(單數(shù))，如，a ten-year-old boy
【注意】復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞要用單數(shù)。
4) 數(shù)詞+名詞(+ed)如，a three-legged table一張三條腿的桌子。
5) 形容詞+名詞 如，This is a full-time job.
6) 形容詞+名詞(+ed)如，He’s a warm-hearted person.
8.a little和 a bit都可以用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，作定語。a bit在修飾名詞時(shí)必須在后面加上介詞of，如，a bit of water一點(diǎn)水，而用a little則說成a little water
◆unit8. What is John like?
目標(biāo)語言：Describe people’s personalities
重點(diǎn)句型：Do you know Tim?
He’s the tall kid with short hair.
What’s he like? He’s very serious.
Who’s that? That’s Mike.
He can talk like our teacher.
Why do you like him? He looks so serious.
重點(diǎn)詞組：want to do, live in, live on, listen to, like dong/to do, come from, be friendly to sb., for example, and so on, as … as, tell a story to sb, tell sb a story
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
1 “What does he look like?”用來詢問相貌特征; “What is he like?”則是用來詢問特征。
在英語中，形容一個(gè)人的性格特征，常用下列形容詞:shy, friendly,serious, funny, smart, foolish, outgoing, easygoing, moody, generous, polite, kind, warm-hearted, (熱心腸的)， hard-working(努力的)，quiet
2.What引起的不同類型的疑問句
1) What is this?這是什么?英語中，對(duì)某一物體提出詢問時(shí)，常用this指代“這個(gè)東西”，用that指代“那個(gè)東西”。如，What’s this? It’s a pen.
【注意】what is可以縮寫為what’s, it is可以縮寫為it’s.
2) What is sb. like?某人是個(gè)什么樣的人?此句型用來詢問某個(gè)人的品質(zhì) ?；卮饡r(shí)，用描述人物品質(zhì)特征的形容詞。如，What is his wife like? She is warm-hearted.
3) What does sb. look like?某人長得什么樣?此句型用來詢問某人的外貌特征。如，What does he look like? He has short hair.
4) What day is today?今天星期幾?如，What day is today? Today is Monday.
5) What is the date today?今天是幾號(hào)?如，What is the date today? It’s May 1.
6) What is sb.?某人是干什么的?此句型用來詢問某人的職業(yè)。如，What’s your father? My father is a doctor.
7) What is wrong with …?。。。怎么了?What’s wrong with you? I have a cold.
3. 動(dòng)詞和on, off, in , out, up , down, away構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí)，其賓語是人稱代詞賓格，應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞詞組中間;若動(dòng)詞與上述以外的介詞或副詞連用，其賓語是人稱代詞賓格時(shí)，應(yīng)放在詞組后面。
4. as表示人的職業(yè)，身份，或人，物的功能，有“以。。。身份”，“作為。。?！钡暮x。Like表示人或物的相似性，指兩者或兩者以上某方面相象，如相貌，衣著，性格。
5. live in表示“住在。。?！?，其后面跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。
live on表示“以。。。為食，靠。。。生活”
◆ unit9 It’s raining!
目標(biāo)語言：Describe the weather; Describe what you are doing
重點(diǎn)句型：How’s the weather? It’s raining.
What are you doing? I’m watching TV.
What’s he doing? He’s playing basketball.
What’s=what is how’s=how is
How’s going? It’s great.
What is the weather like? It’s sunny.
Is Aunt Sarah there? Yes, she is.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)
用來表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和用來表示當(dāng)前的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)極端一直在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。
在其句子中一般都會(huì)有兩個(gè)詞與時(shí)態(tài)有關(guān)：1)表示時(shí)間的狀語2)動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)變化。如，I’m reading a book now.在這個(gè)句子中，時(shí)間狀語now,決定了時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而動(dòng)詞am reading也體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
肯定句：主語+be+v.ing+…
否定句：主語+be+v.ing+…
疑問句：Be+主語+ving?
特殊疑問句+be+主語+ving?
1) –What did you do last night?-I watched TV at home.
2) –Where did you go last Sunday?-I went to the zoo.
3) –Whom did you visit yesterday?-I went to see my uncle.
4) –Did you read a book this morning?-No, I didn’t. I wrote a letter to my father.
在談?wù)搫倓偘l(fā)生的事情就需要用一般過去時(shí)，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式形式，句中多有l(wèi)ast night, last month, last year, yesterday, two days ago, in1978等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。
2. 一般過去時(shí)
1) 一般過去式的構(gòu)成：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的變化可速記為“直，去，雙，改”四字訣。
a) 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加-ed.如，want-wanted
b) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加-ed，如，hope-hoped
c) 重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed.如，stop-stopped
d) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i,再加-ed.如，study-studied.
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，要逐一熟記。Be動(dòng)詞過去式有兩種形式，主語是第一，三人稱單數(shù)形式用was,其他人稱用were.
2) 一般過去時(shí)的形式
a) Be動(dòng)詞過去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasn’t/were not=weren’t。一般疑問句是把was/were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大寫。
b) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式的句式：肯定式：主語+動(dòng)詞故去式+其它。如，They had a good time yesterday.
否定式：主語+did not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如，They didn’t have a good time yesterday.
一般疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語+did. 否定回答：No,主語+didn’t.如，Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?如，What time did you finish your homework?
3) 一般過去時(shí)的用法：
a) 主要用于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。My father worked in Shanghai last year.
b) 表示故去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與 often,always等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。I often went to school on foot.
c) 與when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用。 When he got home, he had a short rest.
4)表示一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：
a moment ago剛才 yesterday morning, last night, last week, the day before yesterday前天, just now剛才
3.Over的用法
1)over the weekend中的over意思是“在…期間”相當(dāng)于during.
2)over表示“在…正上方“不接觸物體表面;on表示“在..上面”物體是可以接觸到的.over的反義詞under.
3)over也表示”超過,多于”相當(dāng)于more than
4)all over the world這里的over是”遍及”的意思.
5)over there中的over是 “越過,在那邊”
4. “do some+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示 “做….,干….,進(jìn)行…..”其中動(dòng)名詞作賓語.
如,do some washing 洗衣服
5. practice doing練習(xí)做某事
6.介詞on, in, at都表示時(shí)間. On用于某日的時(shí)間前; in用于某年或某月的時(shí)間前;at用于幾點(diǎn)的時(shí)間前.
◆unit 6 Where are the jazz music?
目標(biāo)語言:ask for and give directions inside a building
重點(diǎn)句型:Where’s the classical music? Go upstairs and turn right.It’s next to the jazz music.
Where’s the dance music? Go straight and turn left. It’s between the pop and the country.
What’s Bob’s favorite kind of music? His favorite music is classical Who’s Carla’s favorite group? Her favorite group is Boys from Brazil.
Do you like the Latin Sound? No, I don’t. They’re awful.
Where’s the dance music section? I don’t know.
重點(diǎn)詞組:in front of, and so on, turn left, go upstairs, next to, between…and…,a kind of, on the right, have fun
知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1問路的句式小結(jié)：
1)“特殊疑問句”類句型
d) Excuse me. Where is the …,please?
e) Excuse me. Which is the way to the…,please?
f) Excuse me. How can I get to the…, please?
2)“一般疑問句”類句型
g) Could/Can you tell me how I can get to the…?
h) Could /Can you tell me the way to the…?
i) Could/Can you tell me how to get to the…,please?
j) Could /Can you tell me which is the way to the…?
k) Excuse me. Is this the right way to the…?
l) Excuse me. Do you know the way to the…?
2談?wù)撓矚g的歌手,歌曲和音樂組合
1) –Do you like music?
-Yes, I like music very much/a lot/a little.
-No, I don’t like music at all.
2)- Are you interested in folk songs(民歌)?
-Yes, I am.
3) – Are you fond of music?
- Yes, I am.
4)- What’s your favorite kind of music?
- American country music.(美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂)
5)-Who is your favorite music group?
-Backstreet Boy.
6)- What do you think of Tian Zhen’songs?
- I think they are wonderful.
3.表示位置的幾個(gè)詞
1) next to “……的旁邊,緊接著”
2) between…and…在…和…之間,between指兩者之間
3) among在…中間,指三者以上
4) in front of在…前面,指在(本部分之外)的前面; in the front of指在(本部分之內(nèi))的前面.
5) at在某個(gè)具體的地點(diǎn)
6) outside在…之外 outside the gate在門外
4 afraid 的用法
Afraid是形容詞,一般在句中用作表語,不能用作定語。意思是 “擔(dān)心,害怕,恐怕,恐懼”.afraid常用于以下三種句式:
1) be afraid of sb or sth.或be afraid of doing sth.表示害怕某人或某事,后接動(dòng)名詞，表示怕做某事,只是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí),不帶感情色彩.
2) be afraid to do sth.后接動(dòng)詞不定式,往往指主觀上怕去做某事,側(cè)重表示 “因?yàn)閾?dān)心后果嚴(yán)重而不敢也不愿做某事”如,Lily is afraid to go out at night.
3) I’m afraid…我恐怕..當(dāng)聽了對(duì)方所說的話,而不能滿足對(duì)方的意愿時(shí),為了使語氣較為委婉,常用此語.如,Can you help me with my English? I’m afraid not.當(dāng)不同意對(duì)方的建議,邀請(qǐng),陳述時(shí),我們可以用I’m afraid not;反之用I’m afraid so.
◆ unit 7 What does he look like?
目標(biāo)語言: Describe people’s appearance
重點(diǎn)句型: What does your friend look like? She has a medium build and she has long hair.
He is tall. He is heavy. He has curly hair. He is medium height. He is thin.
She has long hair. She is short. She has a medium build. She has short hair.
He has a beard. He wears glasses. He has a mustache. He has blonde hair.
He is bald. She always wears a red dress and white shoes.
重點(diǎn)詞組:look like, straight hair, medium build, short hair, curly hair, long hair, blonde hair,brown hair,tell jokes
知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)-----一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
在英語中,不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和情況,要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示.這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式叫做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).我們初級(jí)階段接觸到的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)主要有: 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 一般過去時(shí)態(tài), 一般將來時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),過去完成時(shí)態(tài). 判斷一個(gè)句子使用什么時(shí)態(tài)主要看這個(gè)句子中的動(dòng)詞,其次看句子中的副詞和時(shí)間狀語. 在這講中我們先來學(xué)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài).
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法:
l. 表示經(jīng)?；蛘叻磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. 如: 我每天吃午飯. I have lunch every day.
還表示現(xiàn)在存在的一種狀態(tài). 如：我姐姐是一位老師.My sister is a teacher.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)經(jīng)常與often(經(jīng)常)sometimes(有時(shí))always(總是)usually(通常)等副詞連用，也經(jīng)常與every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每月), every term(每學(xué)期), every year(每年), once a week (一周一次)，twice a year(一年兩次)等時(shí)間狀語連用。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)分為be 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
1) be動(dòng)詞包括am，is，are. 中文為"是"， 這三個(gè)詞的用法要隨著主語的變化而變化。 "am" 用于第一人稱單數(shù)(I); "is" 用于第三人稱單數(shù)(he，she，it); "are "用于第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)(we)，第二人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)(you), 第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)( they)。 可以記住以下順口溜： am管 "我"， is管"，她，它，他"， are管"大家"。
2) 一般疑問句和否定句
I am a teacher. (我是一位老師)
You are his friend.(你是他的朋友)
She is a nurse.(她是一名護(hù)士)
以上三個(gè)句子都是肯定句. 此.類句子變成疑問句和否定句時(shí),有些地方的語序和漢語不同,需特別注意.變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí),把be 動(dòng)詞"am，is，are" 放在句首,回答時(shí)也要使用be動(dòng)詞;變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),把表示否定的not 放在 "am is are" 的后面, 其中可以簡(jiǎn)寫為：is not---- isn't
are not---- aren't， am not 沒有簡(jiǎn)寫形式。 .
如：Am I a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)
Are you his friend? Yes, you are. (No, you are not.)
Is she a nurse? Yes, she is. (No, she is not.)
注意：如果are not, is not放在句尾時(shí)，不能使用簡(jiǎn)寫，必須寫出整個(gè)單詞。
否定句為：I am not a teacher. You are not his friend. She is not a nurse.
3)如果句子的動(dòng)詞不是be 動(dòng)詞 "am is are" 而是其他實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 疑問句和否定句要借助于助動(dòng)詞"do"或者 "does"， 也就是說be 動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形不能同時(shí)使用。 這里的 "do"，"does" 本身沒有什么意義，只是幫助構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句. 一般疑問句讀時(shí)必須用降調(diào).
"do"和 "does"的使用要隨著人稱的變化而變化。請(qǐng)看下面兩組句子，注意區(qū)分他們的共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。
I go to school every day. He goes to school every day.
I don't go to school every day. He doesn't go to school every day.
Do you go to school every day? Does he go to school every day?
Yes, I do. (No, I don't) Yes, he does. (No, he doesn't)
這兩組句子中，由于人稱的不同，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)也不同，具體如下：
當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，肯定句為：主語+動(dòng)詞的s形式+賓語
否定句為：主語+助動(dòng)詞doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
疑問句為：Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助動(dòng)詞does.
注：第三人稱單數(shù)用了 does 后面就不用動(dòng)詞的s形式了,而用動(dòng)詞原形.
動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 除了第三人稱單數(shù)(he she it) 外,其余都用動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)主語是其他人稱時(shí)，肯定句為：主語+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
否定句為：主語+助動(dòng)詞don't+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
疑問句為：Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助動(dòng)詞do.
注：變?yōu)橐蓡柧?要在句首加"do" ; 變?yōu)榉穸ň? 要在動(dòng)詞前面加"do not", 可以簡(jiǎn)寫為 "don't".
2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則。
1) 一般在動(dòng)詞后加-s詞尾。如，come-comes live-lives
2) 在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o結(jié)尾的詞后要加-es, 如，
teach-teaches catch-catches wish-wishes wash-washes
miss-misses guess-guesses mix-mixes fix-fixes
go-goes do-does
3) 以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為I 再加es,如，
Try-tries study-studies reply-replies fly-flies
3look的用法
1) look like看起來象，其中l(wèi)ike 是介詞。如，He looks like his father.
2) look at看。。如，Look at the blackboard.
3) look the same看起來很像。如，Lucy and Lily look the same.
4) look for尋找.如，They are looking for the lost child.
5) look over(醫(yī)生)檢查The doctor is looking over the old woman.
6) Look up抬頭看;(在詞典或參考書中)查找 He’s looking up at the picture.
4. 詞語辨析
Wear意為“穿著，戴著”，表示穿，戴的狀態(tài)。而put on意思為“穿上，戴上”，表示穿，戴的動(dòng)作。
5. stop doing sth停止做某事; stop to do停下來去做某事
6. remember to do sth 記著要去做某事;remember doing sth.記著(已經(jīng))做過某事;remember sth/sb記得某物或某人
7. 復(fù)合形容詞構(gòu)詞法
1) 形容詞+動(dòng)詞-ing,如，Our teacher is easy-going.
2) 名詞+過去分詞，如，This is a man-made satellite.
3) 數(shù)詞+名詞(單數(shù))，如，a ten-year-old boy
【注意】復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞要用單數(shù)。
4) 數(shù)詞+名詞(+ed)如，a three-legged table一張三條腿的桌子。
5) 形容詞+名詞 如，This is a full-time job.
6) 形容詞+名詞(+ed)如，He’s a warm-hearted person.
8.a little和 a bit都可以用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，作定語。a bit在修飾名詞時(shí)必須在后面加上介詞of，如，a bit of water一點(diǎn)水，而用a little則說成a little water
◆unit8. What is John like?
目標(biāo)語言：Describe people’s personalities
重點(diǎn)句型：Do you know Tim?
He’s the tall kid with short hair.
What’s he like? He’s very serious.
Who’s that? That’s Mike.
He can talk like our teacher.
Why do you like him? He looks so serious.
重點(diǎn)詞組：want to do, live in, live on, listen to, like dong/to do, come from, be friendly to sb., for example, and so on, as … as, tell a story to sb, tell sb a story
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
1 “What does he look like?”用來詢問相貌特征; “What is he like?”則是用來詢問特征。
在英語中，形容一個(gè)人的性格特征，常用下列形容詞:shy, friendly,serious, funny, smart, foolish, outgoing, easygoing, moody, generous, polite, kind, warm-hearted, (熱心腸的)， hard-working(努力的)，quiet
2.What引起的不同類型的疑問句
1) What is this?這是什么?英語中，對(duì)某一物體提出詢問時(shí)，常用this指代“這個(gè)東西”，用that指代“那個(gè)東西”。如，What’s this? It’s a pen.
【注意】what is可以縮寫為what’s, it is可以縮寫為it’s.
2) What is sb. like?某人是個(gè)什么樣的人?此句型用來詢問某個(gè)人的品質(zhì) ?；卮饡r(shí)，用描述人物品質(zhì)特征的形容詞。如，What is his wife like? She is warm-hearted.
3) What does sb. look like?某人長得什么樣?此句型用來詢問某人的外貌特征。如，What does he look like? He has short hair.
4) What day is today?今天星期幾?如，What day is today? Today is Monday.
5) What is the date today?今天是幾號(hào)?如，What is the date today? It’s May 1.
6) What is sb.?某人是干什么的?此句型用來詢問某人的職業(yè)。如，What’s your father? My father is a doctor.
7) What is wrong with …?。。。怎么了?What’s wrong with you? I have a cold.
3. 動(dòng)詞和on, off, in , out, up , down, away構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí)，其賓語是人稱代詞賓格，應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞詞組中間;若動(dòng)詞與上述以外的介詞或副詞連用，其賓語是人稱代詞賓格時(shí)，應(yīng)放在詞組后面。
4. as表示人的職業(yè)，身份，或人，物的功能，有“以。。。身份”，“作為。。?！钡暮x。Like表示人或物的相似性，指兩者或兩者以上某方面相象，如相貌，衣著，性格。
5. live in表示“住在。。?！?，其后面跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。
live on表示“以。。。為食，靠。。。生活”
◆ unit9 It’s raining!
目標(biāo)語言：Describe the weather; Describe what you are doing
重點(diǎn)句型：How’s the weather? It’s raining.
What are you doing? I’m watching TV.
What’s he doing? He’s playing basketball.
What’s=what is how’s=how is
How’s going? It’s great.
What is the weather like? It’s sunny.
Is Aunt Sarah there? Yes, she is.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)
用來表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和用來表示當(dāng)前的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)極端一直在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。
在其句子中一般都會(huì)有兩個(gè)詞與時(shí)態(tài)有關(guān)：1)表示時(shí)間的狀語2)動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)變化。如，I’m reading a book now.在這個(gè)句子中，時(shí)間狀語now,決定了時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而動(dòng)詞am reading也體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
肯定句：主語+be+v.ing+…
否定句：主語+be+v.ing+…
疑問句：Be+主語+ving?
特殊疑問句+be+主語+ving?