英語聽力頻道為大家整理的普特英語聽力網：面相學，供大家參考:)
Science and Technology Physiognomy Facing the truth
Why a man's face can lie but still produce orgasms
THESE days, physiognomy is an unfashionable science.
The idea that character is etched into an individual's face is so much at variance with modern notions of free will that research in the area dwindled long ago.
But it is making a tentative comeback.
Two recent studies of faces suggest that their features do matter, biologically speaking: they can predict dishonesty and they can provoke orgasm.
The study on dishonesty was done by Michael Haselhuhn and Elaine Wong of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and is published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society.
Dr Haselhuhn and Dr Wong wondered if a feature already known to reflect aggressiveness in men (but not women) might also predict a tendency to lie and cheat.
That feature is the ratio of a face's width to its length. The wider a man's face, the more likely he will hit you.
Honest signals of aggressiveness make sense.
Potential victims avoid starting fights they cannot win, while the aggressive get their way without risking injury.
It does not, however, obviously make sense to give away in advance of a negotiation that you are likely to lie or cheat in it.
Yet Dr Haselhuhn and Dr Wong found this was the case.
In both a staged negotiation using MBA students and a separate experiment in which ordinary undergraduates were given an opportunity to earn more money if they misreported the results of a series of die rolls,
the two researchers found that the wider a man's face was, compared with its height, the more likely he was to lie about his intentions (in the case of the negotiations) or cheat (in the case of the die rolls).
That did not, however, apply to women.
The probable explanation is that the advantage of being seen, reliably, as aggressive outweighs the disadvantage of being, predictably, a cheat and a liar.
Also, the fear of retaliation provoked by aggressiveness means victims of cheating and lying might not want to push the point anyway, and might thus be willing to concede a certain amount of slippage in their negotiating position, knowing full well what is going on.
Since women rarely use violence to get their way, they do not evolve such signals.
The likelihood of a link between men's faces and women's orgasms is more obvious than that between faces and cheating, but is nevertheless significant.
In a study to be published in Evolution and Human Behavior, David Puts and his colleagues at Pennsylvania State University found what you might expect—that sex with a good-looking man is more likely to result in orgasm than sex with a minger.
What this means is that good-looking men are even more likely to conceive children than was previously believed. Obviously, the handsome have more mating opportunities than the ugly.
But if they more often bring a woman to orgasm, as well, each of those opportunities is more likely to result in conception,
because contractions of the cervix and vagina during orgasm transport semen deeper into the reproductive tract.
And that is what Dr Puts found.
He and his team recruited 70 couples and asked the women how they rated their men's masculinity and attractiveness, and how often and when they orgasmed.
They also asked independent observers to rate the men's faces, and found broad agreement with the ratings from partners.
As they predicted, women whose menfolk had attractive, masculine faces orgasmed more often during intercourse.
They did not, by contrast, orgasm more frequently during masturbation or other sexual activity.
The extra orgasms also came at the same time as the man's climax—just when they would do the most good for conception.
Women are thus choosing which men father their children not only in whom they take to bed, but in how they react to them, sexually.
The consequence, since looks are inherited, is that their sons, too, will be sexy.
Whether they will be cheats and liars is another matter.
科技 面相學 面對真相
為什么男人那張會騙人的臉還能引起性高潮？
過去，面相學是一門冷門科學。
"相由心生"的觀點嚴重違背了"自由意志"的現代觀念，因此有關于面相與性格關系的研究少之又少。
但現在，這種觀點卻有卷土重來之勢。
最近，兩份研究表明：個性和面相有關系，即從生物學角度上講，面相不但可以暴露一個人的不可信度，還可以引發(fā)性高潮。
關于不可信度的研究有威斯康辛大學密爾沃基分校的麥克?哈塞爾胡恩教授和伊萊恩?黃教授共同完成，實驗結果發(fā)表在《英國皇家學會會報》上。
哈塞爾胡恩教授與黃教授研究攻擊性強的男性，認為他們更喜歡撒謊騙人。
而具有攻擊性男性的特點表現在其面部長寬比上，臉寬的男性愛打人。
坦率顯露進攻性是明顯有利的。
實力虛弱者會避免引發(fā)一場不能取勝的爭斗，攻擊性強者在沒有受傷風險的情況下可以因此而取勝。
但在一場很可能需要說謊的談判之前，表現進攻性不見得有明顯的好處。
兩位教授發(fā)現事實還真就是這樣。
他們設計的是兩組實驗：一組是MBA學生談判，另一組是普通大學生，給予他們說謊有利的機會，如果誤報一系列模棒實驗的數據，就有機會賺更多的錢。
研究者發(fā)現，男性面部長寬比越小，就越容易在談判中欺瞞自己的目的，在實驗中瞞報數據。
但這一實驗結果不適用于女性。
這大概可以解釋為：一個人被看做具有攻擊性的"利"要大于被認為有作假嫌疑的"弊"。
而且，在談判中，騙局或者謊言的受害者也許不會刻意堅持自己的主張，他們害怕攻擊性強的人會報復自己，于是在清楚事態(tài)的前提下，他們會做出讓步。
而女性幾乎不會用暴力來處理問題，所以在此實驗中，測不出她們的誠實數據。
相比于面相與騙局之間的關系，男性面相與女性性高潮的聯(lián)系就明顯的多，也有意義的多。
賓夕法尼亞州立大學的大衛(wèi)?普斯和他的同事們做了一項研究，結果發(fā)表在《進化與人類行為》雜志上。
研究內容你可能已經猜到了-------與英俊帥氣的男性做愛比和相貌平平的男性做愛更容易達到性高潮。也就是說英俊的男性更容易得到孩子。
顯然，英俊的男性比丑男約會機會更多，而且，如果他們經常使女性產生性高潮，每次高潮時，女性受孕概率也會增大。
這是因為，在高潮期間，宮頸和陰道的收縮會將精液運送到生殖道更深處。
這就是普斯教授的發(fā)現。
他們召集了70對伴侶，詢問女性怎樣評價男性的男子氣概和魅力，以及她們產生性高潮的時間和頻率。
研究人員還讓每位女性獨立的觀察和評價男性面相，而評價結果則大體相仿。
正如所預測的那樣，那些擁有英俊迷人面龐的男性，其伴侶在性交過程中更容易達到性高潮。
而在手*等其他性行為中，相比之下，他們的高潮就來的不那么頻繁了。
而且，英俊的男子與其伴侶更容易雙方同時高潮-------這為懷孕創(chuàng)造出了極好的條件。
因此，女性選擇未來孩子的父親，不僅僅是看她和誰睡覺，更是看她和誰做愛時有有何反應。
結果呢，由于相貌會遺傳，他們的兒子也會長的很性感。
至于會不會被人騙，那就是另一回事了。
Science and Technology Physiognomy Facing the truth
Why a man's face can lie but still produce orgasms
THESE days, physiognomy is an unfashionable science.
The idea that character is etched into an individual's face is so much at variance with modern notions of free will that research in the area dwindled long ago.
But it is making a tentative comeback.
Two recent studies of faces suggest that their features do matter, biologically speaking: they can predict dishonesty and they can provoke orgasm.
The study on dishonesty was done by Michael Haselhuhn and Elaine Wong of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and is published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society.
Dr Haselhuhn and Dr Wong wondered if a feature already known to reflect aggressiveness in men (but not women) might also predict a tendency to lie and cheat.
That feature is the ratio of a face's width to its length. The wider a man's face, the more likely he will hit you.
Honest signals of aggressiveness make sense.
Potential victims avoid starting fights they cannot win, while the aggressive get their way without risking injury.
It does not, however, obviously make sense to give away in advance of a negotiation that you are likely to lie or cheat in it.
Yet Dr Haselhuhn and Dr Wong found this was the case.
In both a staged negotiation using MBA students and a separate experiment in which ordinary undergraduates were given an opportunity to earn more money if they misreported the results of a series of die rolls,
the two researchers found that the wider a man's face was, compared with its height, the more likely he was to lie about his intentions (in the case of the negotiations) or cheat (in the case of the die rolls).
That did not, however, apply to women.
The probable explanation is that the advantage of being seen, reliably, as aggressive outweighs the disadvantage of being, predictably, a cheat and a liar.
Also, the fear of retaliation provoked by aggressiveness means victims of cheating and lying might not want to push the point anyway, and might thus be willing to concede a certain amount of slippage in their negotiating position, knowing full well what is going on.
Since women rarely use violence to get their way, they do not evolve such signals.
The likelihood of a link between men's faces and women's orgasms is more obvious than that between faces and cheating, but is nevertheless significant.
In a study to be published in Evolution and Human Behavior, David Puts and his colleagues at Pennsylvania State University found what you might expect—that sex with a good-looking man is more likely to result in orgasm than sex with a minger.
What this means is that good-looking men are even more likely to conceive children than was previously believed. Obviously, the handsome have more mating opportunities than the ugly.
But if they more often bring a woman to orgasm, as well, each of those opportunities is more likely to result in conception,
because contractions of the cervix and vagina during orgasm transport semen deeper into the reproductive tract.
And that is what Dr Puts found.
He and his team recruited 70 couples and asked the women how they rated their men's masculinity and attractiveness, and how often and when they orgasmed.
They also asked independent observers to rate the men's faces, and found broad agreement with the ratings from partners.
As they predicted, women whose menfolk had attractive, masculine faces orgasmed more often during intercourse.
They did not, by contrast, orgasm more frequently during masturbation or other sexual activity.
The extra orgasms also came at the same time as the man's climax—just when they would do the most good for conception.
Women are thus choosing which men father their children not only in whom they take to bed, but in how they react to them, sexually.
The consequence, since looks are inherited, is that their sons, too, will be sexy.
Whether they will be cheats and liars is another matter.
科技 面相學 面對真相
為什么男人那張會騙人的臉還能引起性高潮？
過去，面相學是一門冷門科學。
"相由心生"的觀點嚴重違背了"自由意志"的現代觀念，因此有關于面相與性格關系的研究少之又少。
但現在，這種觀點卻有卷土重來之勢。
最近，兩份研究表明：個性和面相有關系，即從生物學角度上講，面相不但可以暴露一個人的不可信度，還可以引發(fā)性高潮。
關于不可信度的研究有威斯康辛大學密爾沃基分校的麥克?哈塞爾胡恩教授和伊萊恩?黃教授共同完成，實驗結果發(fā)表在《英國皇家學會會報》上。
哈塞爾胡恩教授與黃教授研究攻擊性強的男性，認為他們更喜歡撒謊騙人。
而具有攻擊性男性的特點表現在其面部長寬比上，臉寬的男性愛打人。
坦率顯露進攻性是明顯有利的。
實力虛弱者會避免引發(fā)一場不能取勝的爭斗，攻擊性強者在沒有受傷風險的情況下可以因此而取勝。
但在一場很可能需要說謊的談判之前，表現進攻性不見得有明顯的好處。
兩位教授發(fā)現事實還真就是這樣。
他們設計的是兩組實驗：一組是MBA學生談判，另一組是普通大學生，給予他們說謊有利的機會，如果誤報一系列模棒實驗的數據，就有機會賺更多的錢。
研究者發(fā)現，男性面部長寬比越小，就越容易在談判中欺瞞自己的目的，在實驗中瞞報數據。
但這一實驗結果不適用于女性。
這大概可以解釋為：一個人被看做具有攻擊性的"利"要大于被認為有作假嫌疑的"弊"。
而且，在談判中，騙局或者謊言的受害者也許不會刻意堅持自己的主張，他們害怕攻擊性強的人會報復自己，于是在清楚事態(tài)的前提下，他們會做出讓步。
而女性幾乎不會用暴力來處理問題，所以在此實驗中，測不出她們的誠實數據。
相比于面相與騙局之間的關系，男性面相與女性性高潮的聯(lián)系就明顯的多，也有意義的多。
賓夕法尼亞州立大學的大衛(wèi)?普斯和他的同事們做了一項研究，結果發(fā)表在《進化與人類行為》雜志上。
研究內容你可能已經猜到了-------與英俊帥氣的男性做愛比和相貌平平的男性做愛更容易達到性高潮。也就是說英俊的男性更容易得到孩子。
顯然，英俊的男性比丑男約會機會更多，而且，如果他們經常使女性產生性高潮，每次高潮時，女性受孕概率也會增大。
這是因為，在高潮期間，宮頸和陰道的收縮會將精液運送到生殖道更深處。
這就是普斯教授的發(fā)現。
他們召集了70對伴侶，詢問女性怎樣評價男性的男子氣概和魅力，以及她們產生性高潮的時間和頻率。
研究人員還讓每位女性獨立的觀察和評價男性面相，而評價結果則大體相仿。
正如所預測的那樣，那些擁有英俊迷人面龐的男性，其伴侶在性交過程中更容易達到性高潮。
而在手*等其他性行為中，相比之下，他們的高潮就來的不那么頻繁了。
而且，英俊的男子與其伴侶更容易雙方同時高潮-------這為懷孕創(chuàng)造出了極好的條件。
因此，女性選擇未來孩子的父親，不僅僅是看她和誰睡覺，更是看她和誰做愛時有有何反應。
結果呢，由于相貌會遺傳，他們的兒子也會長的很性感。
至于會不會被人騙，那就是另一回事了。