Evolution has changed our bodies and faces over thousands of years - and it's still happening.
在過去數(shù)千年時(shí)間里，進(jìn)化已經(jīng)改變了人類的身體和面部，而如今進(jìn)化過程仍在發(fā)生著。
Here's how leading anatomical experts predict our descendants will differ physically from us in 1,000 years from now.
下面是主要的解剖學(xué)家對(duì)我們1000年后的后代的模樣做出的預(yù)測(cè)，他們的長相會(huì)跟我們有一些不同，具體的特點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)如下：
- We'll be taller at 6-7ft because of improved nutrition and medical science. Osteopath Garry Trainer, from north London, says: "The average American is about one inch taller than in 1960."
身材會(huì)變高：到那時(shí)人類的身高會(huì)達(dá)到6至7英尺（約1.83米至2.13米），這是因?yàn)槿祟悹I養(yǎng)條件的改善和醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步。來自倫敦北部的骨骼整形醫(yī)生蓋里-特瓦納表示："美國人的平均身高將會(huì)比1960年增長約1英寸。"
- Our intestines will get shorter so we don't absorb as much fat and sugar - a natural way of avoiding obesity, says dentist Dr Philip Stemmer.
腸子會(huì)變短：我們身體內(nèi)的腸子會(huì)變得更短，這樣我們就不會(huì)吸收太多的脂肪和糖份。牙醫(yī)菲利普-斯坦默博士表示，這也是避免肥胖的一種自然方式。
- If male fertility declines further, there will be smaller testicles.
男性生殖器官變小：如果男性的生殖能力進(jìn)一步下降，那么他們的睪丸將會(huì)變得更小。
- Our most used extremities will change dramatically. Arms and fingers get longer to reduce the need to reach too far and nerve endings in hands and fingers will increase because of the greater use of devices such as iPhones that need complex eye-hand coordination.
胳膊和手指變長：人類最常用的四肢將會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化。胳膊和手指會(huì)變長，以便減少伸長手臂的次數(shù)。手及手指上的神經(jīng)末梢將會(huì)增加，這是由于iPhone等電子設(shè)備的大量使用需要復(fù)雜的眼手協(xié)調(diào)能力。
- We'll have smaller brains, maybe because so much memorising and thinking is done by our computers. "Science fiction images show humans of the future with huge brains but big brains are not necessarily the best," says Chris Stringer, from the Natural History Museum.
大腦會(huì)變?。喝祟惖拇竽X會(huì)變小，這是因?yàn)榇蟛糠值挠洃浐退伎脊ぷ鞫加须娔X代替完成。來自美國國家自然歷史博物館的克里斯-斯汀格表示："在科幻小說中有場(chǎng)景描述未來人類擁有巨腦，但其實(shí)腦袋大并不意味著。"
- There will be large eyes to compensate for smaller mouths. Cary Cooper, of Lancaster University, explains: "Communication will rely on facial expressions and eye movements."
眼睛變大嘴變?。旱侥菚r(shí)人類的眼睛會(huì)變大，來彌補(bǔ)變小的嘴巴。英國萊切斯特大學(xué)的克萊-庫珀解釋說："人類的交流將主要依靠面部表情和眼部運(yùn)動(dòng)。
- Dentist Dr Stemmer also thinks there could be fewer teeth as softer food needs less chewing and biting. He says: "We could even get our nutrition from liquids or pills in the future, which could mean less teeth and receded jaws."
牙齒會(huì)變少：牙醫(yī)斯坦默博士還認(rèn)為人類的牙齒會(huì)變少，因?yàn)槭澄镒兊酶洠圆恍枰^多的咀嚼和咬。他說道："在未來人類所需的營養(yǎng)甚至可以通過流食或藥劑的方式獲得，這意味著牙齒會(huì)減少，而且人類的下頜也將退化。
- Expect people to have quadruple chins. "Our bodies were designed for eating less and using more energy than a modern lifestyle requires," says Rajiv Grover, a consultant plastic surgeon.
四下巴：預(yù)計(jì)未來人類會(huì)有比雙下巴還夸張的"四下巴"。整形手術(shù)顧問拉杰夫-格羅夫表示："與現(xiàn)代生活方式相比，未來人類的身材會(huì)更符合吃得少能量多消耗的生活。"
We can expect other dramatic changes too.
還會(huì)出現(xiàn)其他一些戲劇性變化：
- Everyone will have the same shape of noses because climate is having less influence on broad or narrow hooters thanks to air conditioning and central heating.
鼻子都一樣：1000年后每個(gè)人的鼻子將會(huì)長得一樣由于空調(diào)和集中供暖系統(tǒng)的廣泛使用，天氣變化不管是對(duì)寬鼻子還是窄鼻子影響都會(huì)很小。
- Central heating and warm clothing means we'll be less hairy but there'll be more wrinkles as a result of peering at our electronic devices.
皺紋更多：集中供暖系統(tǒng)和保暖衣物也就意味著人類的毛發(fā)會(huì)減少，但皺紋會(huì)更多，這是因?yàn)殡娮釉O(shè)備看得太多的緣故。
We could end up with saggy turkey necks too because extra sun will cause loose skin and baggy eyelids. And there will be darker skin as people move around the planet and races mix.
另外，我們的頸部會(huì)下垂，看起來就像火雞一樣。因?yàn)槲仗嗟奶柟鈱?huì)導(dǎo)致人類的皮膚松弛、眼皮松垂。由于地球上越來越多不同種族的人結(jié)合到一起，人類皮膚顏色會(huì)變得更暗。
在過去數(shù)千年時(shí)間里，進(jìn)化已經(jīng)改變了人類的身體和面部，而如今進(jìn)化過程仍在發(fā)生著。
Here's how leading anatomical experts predict our descendants will differ physically from us in 1,000 years from now.
下面是主要的解剖學(xué)家對(duì)我們1000年后的后代的模樣做出的預(yù)測(cè)，他們的長相會(huì)跟我們有一些不同，具體的特點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)如下：
- We'll be taller at 6-7ft because of improved nutrition and medical science. Osteopath Garry Trainer, from north London, says: "The average American is about one inch taller than in 1960."
身材會(huì)變高：到那時(shí)人類的身高會(huì)達(dá)到6至7英尺（約1.83米至2.13米），這是因?yàn)槿祟悹I養(yǎng)條件的改善和醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步。來自倫敦北部的骨骼整形醫(yī)生蓋里-特瓦納表示："美國人的平均身高將會(huì)比1960年增長約1英寸。"
- Our intestines will get shorter so we don't absorb as much fat and sugar - a natural way of avoiding obesity, says dentist Dr Philip Stemmer.
腸子會(huì)變短：我們身體內(nèi)的腸子會(huì)變得更短，這樣我們就不會(huì)吸收太多的脂肪和糖份。牙醫(yī)菲利普-斯坦默博士表示，這也是避免肥胖的一種自然方式。
- If male fertility declines further, there will be smaller testicles.
男性生殖器官變小：如果男性的生殖能力進(jìn)一步下降，那么他們的睪丸將會(huì)變得更小。
- Our most used extremities will change dramatically. Arms and fingers get longer to reduce the need to reach too far and nerve endings in hands and fingers will increase because of the greater use of devices such as iPhones that need complex eye-hand coordination.
胳膊和手指變長：人類最常用的四肢將會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化。胳膊和手指會(huì)變長，以便減少伸長手臂的次數(shù)。手及手指上的神經(jīng)末梢將會(huì)增加，這是由于iPhone等電子設(shè)備的大量使用需要復(fù)雜的眼手協(xié)調(diào)能力。
- We'll have smaller brains, maybe because so much memorising and thinking is done by our computers. "Science fiction images show humans of the future with huge brains but big brains are not necessarily the best," says Chris Stringer, from the Natural History Museum.
大腦會(huì)變?。喝祟惖拇竽X會(huì)變小，這是因?yàn)榇蟛糠值挠洃浐退伎脊ぷ鞫加须娔X代替完成。來自美國國家自然歷史博物館的克里斯-斯汀格表示："在科幻小說中有場(chǎng)景描述未來人類擁有巨腦，但其實(shí)腦袋大并不意味著。"
- There will be large eyes to compensate for smaller mouths. Cary Cooper, of Lancaster University, explains: "Communication will rely on facial expressions and eye movements."
眼睛變大嘴變?。旱侥菚r(shí)人類的眼睛會(huì)變大，來彌補(bǔ)變小的嘴巴。英國萊切斯特大學(xué)的克萊-庫珀解釋說："人類的交流將主要依靠面部表情和眼部運(yùn)動(dòng)。
- Dentist Dr Stemmer also thinks there could be fewer teeth as softer food needs less chewing and biting. He says: "We could even get our nutrition from liquids or pills in the future, which could mean less teeth and receded jaws."
牙齒會(huì)變少：牙醫(yī)斯坦默博士還認(rèn)為人類的牙齒會(huì)變少，因?yàn)槭澄镒兊酶洠圆恍枰^多的咀嚼和咬。他說道："在未來人類所需的營養(yǎng)甚至可以通過流食或藥劑的方式獲得，這意味著牙齒會(huì)減少，而且人類的下頜也將退化。
- Expect people to have quadruple chins. "Our bodies were designed for eating less and using more energy than a modern lifestyle requires," says Rajiv Grover, a consultant plastic surgeon.
四下巴：預(yù)計(jì)未來人類會(huì)有比雙下巴還夸張的"四下巴"。整形手術(shù)顧問拉杰夫-格羅夫表示："與現(xiàn)代生活方式相比，未來人類的身材會(huì)更符合吃得少能量多消耗的生活。"
We can expect other dramatic changes too.
還會(huì)出現(xiàn)其他一些戲劇性變化：
- Everyone will have the same shape of noses because climate is having less influence on broad or narrow hooters thanks to air conditioning and central heating.
鼻子都一樣：1000年后每個(gè)人的鼻子將會(huì)長得一樣由于空調(diào)和集中供暖系統(tǒng)的廣泛使用，天氣變化不管是對(duì)寬鼻子還是窄鼻子影響都會(huì)很小。
- Central heating and warm clothing means we'll be less hairy but there'll be more wrinkles as a result of peering at our electronic devices.
皺紋更多：集中供暖系統(tǒng)和保暖衣物也就意味著人類的毛發(fā)會(huì)減少，但皺紋會(huì)更多，這是因?yàn)殡娮釉O(shè)備看得太多的緣故。
We could end up with saggy turkey necks too because extra sun will cause loose skin and baggy eyelids. And there will be darker skin as people move around the planet and races mix.
另外，我們的頸部會(huì)下垂，看起來就像火雞一樣。因?yàn)槲仗嗟奶柟鈱?huì)導(dǎo)致人類的皮膚松弛、眼皮松垂。由于地球上越來越多不同種族的人結(jié)合到一起，人類皮膚顏色會(huì)變得更暗。