2012年12月英語四級漢譯英解題技巧

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這篇關(guān)于2012年12月英語四級漢譯英解題技巧,是特地為大家整理的,希望對大家有所幫助!
    3.The victim (本來會有機(jī)會活下來) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
    [解題步驟]:
    第一步:由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動詞和賓語使得主句完整,并且主句形式、時態(tài)根據(jù)后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time確定應(yīng)該采取虛擬語氣,是對過去的虛擬。
    第二步:劃分成分“本來會有機(jī)會活下來”
    核心謂語動詞是“本來有機(jī)會------”,“活下來”作賓語。
    第三步:
    1.切塊對應(yīng)翻譯:“本來有機(jī)會------”= would have a chance to do sth,“活下來”=survive
    2.重新組合:would have a chance to survive.
    [正確答案]:would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival
    [翻 譯]:如果遇難者被及時送往醫(yī)院的話,他本來會有機(jī)會活下來的。
    [考察知識點]:[虛擬語氣]與過去相反的虛擬語氣,從句用had done,主句用would have done
    有機(jī)會做某事:have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth----
    [語法講解]:“虛擬語氣”
    考生應(yīng)該注意以下幾種虛擬語氣的形式:
    第一種:由 “ if ”引導(dǎo)的虛擬句子
    1. 與現(xiàn)在的事實相反:[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]
    If I were you , I would marry him.
    如果我是你,就會嫁給他。
    2. 與過去的事實相反:[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]
    If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.
    如果你用功學(xué)習(xí),就會通過考試了。
    3. 與將來的事實可能相反:[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]
    If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?
    如果明天下雨,你怎么辦?
    第二種:用在表示要求、建議、命令等的名詞從句中
    從句謂語形式為:“---(should ) + do sth”(在美語中should常省去) 。
    類似用法的動詞有:
    insist (堅持) , suggest (建議) , order(命令) , propose (建議) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建議) , desire (要求、請求) , request (請求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (寧愿), recommend(推薦) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 擁護(hù)、提倡) ,maintain(堅決主張)等后面的賓語從句中。
    第三種:用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中
    第四種:用在It is time that --- 結(jié)構(gòu)中, 表示“該干某事了”, 含建議的意思, 用動詞過去式。
    It is time (that) we went to bed .
    咱們該睡覺了。
    注意: time 前可加about (表示“大約”) 或high(表示“強調(diào)”) 等。
    4.Some psychologists claim that people (出門在外時可能會感到孤獨).
    [解題步驟]:
    第一步:由Some psychologists claim that people .可以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動詞和賓語使得主句完整,并且主句時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
    第二步:劃分成分“出門在外時可能會感到孤獨”
    核心謂語動詞是“可能會感到”,“孤獨”作賓語,“出門在外時”作狀語。
    第三步:
    1.切塊對應(yīng)翻譯:“可能會感到”= may feel,“孤獨”=lonely,“出門在外時”be away from home.
    2.重新組合:may feel lonely when they are away from home.
    [正確答案]:may feel lonely when they are away from home.
    [翻 譯]:一些心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為人們出門在外時可能會感到孤獨。
    [考察知識點]:[詞性辨析] lonely. adj.孤獨的、寂寞的;alone. adj.獨自的
    [難 點]: “出門在外”的翻譯。When they are not in their hometown
    5.The nation’s population continues to rise (以每年1200萬人的速度).
    [解題步驟]:
    第一步:由The nation’s population continues to rise .可以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該填寫狀語或補語。
    第二步:劃分成分“以每年1200萬人的速度”
    詞組固定搭配“以------的速度”,“每年”作狀語,“1200萬人”作定語。
    第三步:
    1.切塊對應(yīng)翻譯:“以------的速度”= at a speed of---,“每年”=per year,“1200萬人”12 million.
    2.重新組合:at a speed of 12 million per year.
    [正確答案]:at a speed of 12 million per year
    [翻 譯]:這個國家的人口繼續(xù)以每年1200萬人的速度增長
    [考察知識點]:[詞組固定搭配] at a speed of-- “以------的速度”;注意:million不加s
    1.Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去歷史博物館的路).
    [解題步驟]:
    第一步:由he had no trouble .可以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該填寫in doing sth
    第二步:劃分成分“找到去歷史博物館的路”
    核心謂語動詞:“找到”;“路”作賓語,“去歷史博古館”作定語。
    第三步:
    1.切塊對應(yīng)翻譯:“找到”= find,“路”=road/way,“去歷史博古館”the History Museum
    2.重新組合:in finding the road/way to the History Museum.
    [正確答案]:finding the/his way to the History Museum
    [翻 譯]:他在這個城市已經(jīng)呆了一段時間,因此毫不費力就找到了去歷史博物館的路。
    [考察知識點]:[詞組固定搭配] have (no) trouble (in) doing sth“做某事有(無)困難”
    [注 意]:專有名詞首字母大寫, ie, the History Museum