相似結(jié)構(gòu)辨析法
命題者常把語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的句型放在同一語(yǔ)境中，用來(lái)考查考生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握的牢固程度。這就要求考生找出要考查的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)，并加以比較和辨析，認(rèn)清它們之間的區(qū)別，從而找出正確答案。
28. The number of people invited _____ fifty but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
本題考查兩個(gè)相似的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：a number of 和the number of. The number of people在句中作主語(yǔ)，指被邀請(qǐng)的人的數(shù)量，后面的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；a number of them意思是many of them. 后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故正確答案為C.
29. ----The light in the office is still on.
----Oh I forgot ______.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
該題考查的是：forget to do sth. 和forget doing sth. 在用法上的區(qū)別。前者意思是“忘記了要做某事”，而后者則是“忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事”。根據(jù)句中提供的情景“辦公室還亮著燈”，可判斷出正確答案為C.
30. _____ many times he still couldn’t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though he had told
C. He had been told D. Having told him
根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，即只能從A、C中選取正確答案。可能有的考生認(rèn)為A、C都可以，選C更為正確。其實(shí)，通過(guò)分析題干，句中缺少連詞，因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)中，兩個(gè)單句之間若是逗號(hào)，必須要有一個(gè)連詞；否則，要用分號(hào)或用不能單獨(dú)使用的句法成份。根據(jù)題意，having been told作狀語(yǔ)。故正確答案為A. 若要選C，則可將題干改為：_____ many times but he still couldn’t understand it.
總之，在答題時(shí)，我們既要注意將語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)言文化背景相結(jié)合，又要注意從多方面提高解題技巧，最終提高分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。
——Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg everyday？
—— _________ enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。
A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting
如果我們把答語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充完整，那么就得到：I alwaysmake you eat anegg every day to get enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。這樣我們很快就得到答案C。
Mrs Smith was much disappointed to see the TV set she had had ________went wrong again。
A. It B. it repaired C.Repaired D. to be repaired
分析：本題在the TV set后有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，還原法是*定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)好方法，我們把先行詞還原到從句中，從句的結(jié)構(gòu)就明確了：
She had had theTV set… 如果我們選用C. repaired,就成了：Shehad had theTV set repaired。
Was everything Jim ___away by the robbers last night？
a. taken b. had taken c. owned took d. like to take
這個(gè)句子把定語(yǔ)從句還原后得：everything that Jim had,然后再還原was得：
Everything that Jim hadwas tak－en away by the robbers last night。
因此我們很快就找到答案B。
2： The strong wind causedthe fire, which obviously had beenset by someone on purpose, _______quickly across the field.
A. spreading B. spreadC. to spreading D. to spread
如果我們把中間的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句先拿掉，剩下就是：
The strong wind caused the fireto spread quickly across the field。
這時(shí)我們可以看出這個(gè)題目的考點(diǎn)是cause sb./sth. to do，所以我們很快就可以判定答案是D。
They _______ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go. （山東2007）
A. had got B. got C. have got D. get
「答案及解析」
答案為B.根據(jù)otherwise后面所接句子的謂語(yǔ)would have been可知是表示與過(guò)去情況相反，由此可知前面句子講的“有兩張免費(fèi)的票”指的是過(guò)去的情況，故謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
—Is there anything wrong，Bob？You look sad.—Oh，nothing much. In fact，I _______ of my friends back home. （2007全國(guó)卷II）
A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking
「答案及解析」
答案為B.由對(duì)話語(yǔ)境可知，一方發(fā)覺(jué)另一方不對(duì)勁，故問(wèn)“怎么了？你看上去不高興?！睂?duì)方在思念家鄉(xiāng)的朋友，故回答時(shí)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與just搭配，表示“剛才正在……”。
I got caught in the rain and my suit _______.（北京2007）
A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
答案為C.my suit承受動(dòng)詞ruin表示的動(dòng)作，故先確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再由語(yǔ)境意義可知：被淋雨（過(guò)去）造成的結(jié)果是（現(xiàn)在）西服被淋壞了，要描述這樣的狀態(tài)，適合用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。綜合時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
命題者常把語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的句型放在同一語(yǔ)境中，用來(lái)考查考生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握的牢固程度。這就要求考生找出要考查的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)，并加以比較和辨析，認(rèn)清它們之間的區(qū)別，從而找出正確答案。
28. The number of people invited _____ fifty but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
本題考查兩個(gè)相似的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：a number of 和the number of. The number of people在句中作主語(yǔ)，指被邀請(qǐng)的人的數(shù)量，后面的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；a number of them意思是many of them. 后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故正確答案為C.
29. ----The light in the office is still on.
----Oh I forgot ______.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
該題考查的是：forget to do sth. 和forget doing sth. 在用法上的區(qū)別。前者意思是“忘記了要做某事”，而后者則是“忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事”。根據(jù)句中提供的情景“辦公室還亮著燈”，可判斷出正確答案為C.
30. _____ many times he still couldn’t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though he had told
C. He had been told D. Having told him
根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，即只能從A、C中選取正確答案。可能有的考生認(rèn)為A、C都可以，選C更為正確。其實(shí)，通過(guò)分析題干，句中缺少連詞，因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)中，兩個(gè)單句之間若是逗號(hào)，必須要有一個(gè)連詞；否則，要用分號(hào)或用不能單獨(dú)使用的句法成份。根據(jù)題意，having been told作狀語(yǔ)。故正確答案為A. 若要選C，則可將題干改為：_____ many times but he still couldn’t understand it.
總之，在答題時(shí)，我們既要注意將語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)言文化背景相結(jié)合，又要注意從多方面提高解題技巧，最終提高分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。
——Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg everyday？
—— _________ enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。
A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting
如果我們把答語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充完整，那么就得到：I alwaysmake you eat anegg every day to get enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。這樣我們很快就得到答案C。
Mrs Smith was much disappointed to see the TV set she had had ________went wrong again。
A. It B. it repaired C.Repaired D. to be repaired
分析：本題在the TV set后有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，還原法是*定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)好方法，我們把先行詞還原到從句中，從句的結(jié)構(gòu)就明確了：
She had had theTV set… 如果我們選用C. repaired,就成了：Shehad had theTV set repaired。
Was everything Jim ___away by the robbers last night？
a. taken b. had taken c. owned took d. like to take
這個(gè)句子把定語(yǔ)從句還原后得：everything that Jim had,然后再還原was得：
Everything that Jim hadwas tak－en away by the robbers last night。
因此我們很快就找到答案B。
2： The strong wind causedthe fire, which obviously had beenset by someone on purpose, _______quickly across the field.
A. spreading B. spreadC. to spreading D. to spread
如果我們把中間的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句先拿掉，剩下就是：
The strong wind caused the fireto spread quickly across the field。
這時(shí)我們可以看出這個(gè)題目的考點(diǎn)是cause sb./sth. to do，所以我們很快就可以判定答案是D。
They _______ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go. （山東2007）
A. had got B. got C. have got D. get
「答案及解析」
答案為B.根據(jù)otherwise后面所接句子的謂語(yǔ)would have been可知是表示與過(guò)去情況相反，由此可知前面句子講的“有兩張免費(fèi)的票”指的是過(guò)去的情況，故謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
—Is there anything wrong，Bob？You look sad.—Oh，nothing much. In fact，I _______ of my friends back home. （2007全國(guó)卷II）
A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking
「答案及解析」
答案為B.由對(duì)話語(yǔ)境可知，一方發(fā)覺(jué)另一方不對(duì)勁，故問(wèn)“怎么了？你看上去不高興?！睂?duì)方在思念家鄉(xiāng)的朋友，故回答時(shí)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與just搭配，表示“剛才正在……”。
I got caught in the rain and my suit _______.（北京2007）
A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
答案為C.my suit承受動(dòng)詞ruin表示的動(dòng)作，故先確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再由語(yǔ)境意義可知：被淋雨（過(guò)去）造成的結(jié)果是（現(xiàn)在）西服被淋壞了，要描述這樣的狀態(tài)，適合用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。綜合時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。