原因狀語從句
[編輯本段]原因狀語從句
一、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞
主要的有because, as, since,for，seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)，in that等：
The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而縮水。
I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面聲音嘈雜我睡不著。
Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我們沒錢，我們無法購買它。
Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外邊在下雨，我們待在室內(nèi)。
Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然來了，還是留下吧(既來之，則安之)。
【注】除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外，when有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句(when表示“既然”)
I won’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想聽，我就不告訴你了。
二、關(guān)于not…because結(jié)構(gòu)
該結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞有時(shí)否定主句，有時(shí)否定從句，一般要根據(jù)句子的意思作出正確或合乎邏輯的理解。若not否定主句，在because之前用逗號(hào)，否則會(huì)引起歧義，如下句在沒有特定上下文時(shí)就有兩種解釋：
I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我沒有去是因?yàn)榕隆? 我不是因?yàn)榕虏湃ァ?BR> 不過若because之前有just修飾，一般認(rèn)為not 是否定從句的：
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因?yàn)橛腥苏f你壞話而生氣。
三、because習(xí)慣上不與so連用
漢語習(xí)慣上說“因?yàn)椤浴?，但英語習(xí)慣上卻不能將 so與because 連用：
因?yàn)橄掠辏晕覀兇粼诩依铩?BR> 正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.
誤：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.
四、because 從句與 because of短語的轉(zhuǎn)換
Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時(shí)可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換：
He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能來。
I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因?yàn)樗拮釉谀莾?，我?duì)此事只字未提。
比較：because, since, as和for
1） because語勢(shì)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號(hào)，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
[編輯本段]用法
原因狀語從句表原因， 以下逐一介紹高考中常見的原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：
1. because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因， 語氣， 最適合回答 why引導(dǎo)的疑問句。例如： I do it because I like it. 我做這件事是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g。
注意： “not ... because”結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個(gè)從句， 例如： The country is not strong because it is large. 國強(qiáng)不在大。
2. since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”)， 較為正式， 語氣比because弱。例如： Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息， 你幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。
注意： seeing (that)， now (that)， considering (that)， in that這幾個(gè)詞匯與since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句意思相近， 都表示“既然”。例如： Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾經(jīng)拒絕幫助我們， 我們現(xiàn)在沒有理由要來幫助他。// Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你長大了， 就不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母了。// Considering (that) everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了， 我們就開始討論吧。// In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因?yàn)橛胁。?他覺得做不了那件事。
3. as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)表示附帶說明的“雙方已知的原因”， 語氣比since弱， 較為正式， 位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。例如： As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨， 你乘出租汽車。// As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了， 你休息一下。// I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早， 因?yàn)槲医钇ＡΡM了。
4. for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因， 只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說明， for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。例如： He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能見過我， 因?yàn)槲也辉谀抢铩?BR> [編輯本段]考題解析
［考題1］ ____ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (1999)
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
?。鄞鸢福?A
［解析］ 主句與從句之間存在因果關(guān)系， 且“you’ve got a chance”表示一個(gè)顯而易見的原因， 因此應(yīng)選用表原因的now that。
［考題2］ He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)
A. and B. for C. but D. or
?。鄞鸢福?B
［解析］ “his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因， 因此本題應(yīng)選用可以表示原因的連詞for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
［考題3］ A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. (2006湖南)
A. so B. but C. and D. for
?。鄞鸢福?D
?。劢馕觯?下劃線處之后的句子補(bǔ)充說明“a man cannot smile like a child”的原因， 應(yīng)選用for表原因。
[編輯本段]原因狀語從句
一、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞
主要的有because, as, since,for，seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)，in that等：
The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而縮水。
I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面聲音嘈雜我睡不著。
Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我們沒錢，我們無法購買它。
Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外邊在下雨，我們待在室內(nèi)。
Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然來了，還是留下吧(既來之，則安之)。
【注】除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外，when有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句(when表示“既然”)
I won’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想聽，我就不告訴你了。
二、關(guān)于not…because結(jié)構(gòu)
該結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞有時(shí)否定主句，有時(shí)否定從句，一般要根據(jù)句子的意思作出正確或合乎邏輯的理解。若not否定主句，在because之前用逗號(hào)，否則會(huì)引起歧義，如下句在沒有特定上下文時(shí)就有兩種解釋：
I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我沒有去是因?yàn)榕隆? 我不是因?yàn)榕虏湃ァ?BR> 不過若because之前有just修飾，一般認(rèn)為not 是否定從句的：
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因?yàn)橛腥苏f你壞話而生氣。
三、because習(xí)慣上不與so連用
漢語習(xí)慣上說“因?yàn)椤浴?，但英語習(xí)慣上卻不能將 so與because 連用：
因?yàn)橄掠辏晕覀兇粼诩依铩?BR> 正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.
誤：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.
四、because 從句與 because of短語的轉(zhuǎn)換
Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時(shí)可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換：
He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能來。
I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因?yàn)樗拮釉谀莾?，我?duì)此事只字未提。
比較：because, since, as和for
1） because語勢(shì)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號(hào)，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
[編輯本段]用法
原因狀語從句表原因， 以下逐一介紹高考中常見的原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：
1. because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因， 語氣， 最適合回答 why引導(dǎo)的疑問句。例如： I do it because I like it. 我做這件事是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g。
注意： “not ... because”結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個(gè)從句， 例如： The country is not strong because it is large. 國強(qiáng)不在大。
2. since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”)， 較為正式， 語氣比because弱。例如： Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息， 你幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。
注意： seeing (that)， now (that)， considering (that)， in that這幾個(gè)詞匯與since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句意思相近， 都表示“既然”。例如： Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾經(jīng)拒絕幫助我們， 我們現(xiàn)在沒有理由要來幫助他。// Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你長大了， 就不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母了。// Considering (that) everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了， 我們就開始討論吧。// In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因?yàn)橛胁。?他覺得做不了那件事。
3. as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)表示附帶說明的“雙方已知的原因”， 語氣比since弱， 較為正式， 位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。例如： As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨， 你乘出租汽車。// As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了， 你休息一下。// I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早， 因?yàn)槲医钇ＡΡM了。
4. for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因， 只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說明， for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。例如： He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能見過我， 因?yàn)槲也辉谀抢铩?BR> [編輯本段]考題解析
［考題1］ ____ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (1999)
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
?。鄞鸢福?A
［解析］ 主句與從句之間存在因果關(guān)系， 且“you’ve got a chance”表示一個(gè)顯而易見的原因， 因此應(yīng)選用表原因的now that。
［考題2］ He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)
A. and B. for C. but D. or
?。鄞鸢福?B
［解析］ “his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因， 因此本題應(yīng)選用可以表示原因的連詞for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
［考題3］ A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. (2006湖南)
A. so B. but C. and D. for
?。鄞鸢福?D
?。劢馕觯?下劃線處之后的句子補(bǔ)充說明“a man cannot smile like a child”的原因， 應(yīng)選用for表原因。