2012小升初英語語法復(fù)習(xí):延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞、since的四種用法

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1) 用于完成時的區(qū)別
    延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié) 果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
    He has completed the work.  他已完成了那項工作。 (表結(jié)果)
    I've known him since then.   我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
    2) 用于till / until從句的差異
    延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"
    He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
    他到10 點才回來。
    He slept until ten o'clock.     
    他一直睡到10點?!  ?BR>    典型例題
    1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. 
    A. had met B. have met  C. met D. meet
     答案B. 首先本題后句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。
    2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
    ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
    A. have been  B. had been  C. was D. will be
     答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
    since的四種用法
    1) since +過去一個時間點 (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six)。
    I have been here since 1989.   
    2) since +一段時間+ ago
    I have been here since five months ago.
    3) since +從句 
    Great changes have taken place since you left.
    Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
    4) It is +一段時間+ since從句
    It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.