2012中考英語輔導:常見習慣用語總復習(1)

字號:

2012中考英語常見習慣用語:知識概要
    由于英語國家的語言習慣與中國的語言習慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學在做選擇或書寫,或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對英語的問句作解答。例如一個小女孩十分好看,可愛,外國人見到時會講: You are so beautiful 這時的答語應(yīng)該是 Thank you 如果外國人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語不錯,他們會講: Your English is very good 這時中國人常常會說:不,我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語,但是不符合英語習慣。它正確的答語應(yīng)是 Thank you 雖然交際英語有一些規(guī)律可講,但更重要的是學習外國的生活習慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學好一門外語。
    (二) 正誤辨析
    [誤] - What can I do for you?
    - Yes, please help me
    [正] - What can I do for you?
    - I‘d like to buy a sweater
    [析] What can I do for you? 這一問語實際上用于的情景很多,要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為:您想要點什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對方提供的幫助。
    [誤] - Which colour do you like?
    - Sorry, I don’t like
    [正] - Which colour do you like?
    - I prefer blue
    [析] 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it
    [誤] Do you like to come with us tonight?
    [正] Would you like to come with us tonight?
    [析] Do you like … 問的是對方的習慣,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請、提議。邀請的英語表達法還有如下幾種:
    Shall we go? 我們走吧!
    Let‘s go? 讓我們走吧!
    How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?
    What about a cup of coffee喝杯咖啡如何?
    Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢?
    其肯定答語一般為Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure
    [誤] Sorry, I’ve kept you waiting
    Not at all
    [正] Sorry, I‘ve kept you waiting
    Never mind
    [析] “介意不介意”這一問法與答語在中英文中有所不同。如:
    - Do you mind my smoking here? - _________
    A. Yes, do it please
    B. No, of course not
    C. Yes, take it please
    D. No, you can’t take it
    這時正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為:不介意,當然不。而A選項則自相矛盾了,它應(yīng)譯為:是的我介意,請抽吧。而D選項是:不介意,你不能抽。當向?qū)Ψ綘幥笠庖姇r,可以有以下問法:
    Do you mind if I open the door?
    Would you mind mailing the letter for me
    其答語如果是同意應(yīng)為: Certainly not, not at all
    而不同意時應(yīng)為 Yes, 或 I‘m sorry
    [誤] What’s that man?
     He is Mike
    [正] What‘s that man?
    He is a teacher
    [正] Who’s that man?
    He is Mike(He is Mike‘s father)
    [析] 由 what 提問是問的職業(yè),由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。
    [誤] - How much are they?
    - Half a kilo, please
    [正] - How many bananas do you want?
    - Half a kilo Please
    [析] How much are they? 問的是價格而不是實際物品的多少。
    [誤] I’m sorry, but is this the way to the park?
    [正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park?
    [析] I‘m sorry 是對已經(jīng)做錯了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r的開始語。而 Excuse me 是在打擾對方之前表達歉意的話。
    [誤] - Have a good time tonight!
    - You are the same
    [正] - Have a good time tonight!
    - The same to you
    [析] The same to you 是表達我也祝您有個愉快的夜晚,它是美語中的習慣用法。