3.應(yīng)用引語(yǔ)： 用格言、諺語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)總結(jié)全文,既言簡(jiǎn)意賅又有更強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力。
（例1）If you have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way to
permanent success. Remember the famous saying. “God helps those who help themselves.”
（例2）If we stick to studies day after day, there is nothing that can't be achieved. As an old saying goes： “Constant dropping of water wears away a stone.”
4.用反問(wèn)結(jié)尾： 雖然形式是問(wèn)句,但意義卻是肯定的,具有明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,引起讀者思考。
（例1）Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why should we not develop this ability as far as possible？
（例2）So,what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health？
5.提出展望或期望： 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的展望或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。
（例1）I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. As China will open further to the outside world the language is sure to be spread world widely.
（例2） If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relation. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization.
以上介紹了幾種寫(xiě)結(jié)尾段最常用的方法,但到底選擇何種方法結(jié)尾還得根據(jù)文體來(lái)決定。平鋪直敘的記敘文,往往在故事或事實(shí)情節(jié)講完時(shí)文章也就自然結(jié)束了,而說(shuō)理性和邏輯性較強(qiáng)的說(shuō)明文和議論文都應(yīng)有一個(gè)正式的結(jié)尾。希望以上介紹的幾種方法能對(duì)大家寫(xiě)好結(jié)尾有所幫助。
首先,一個(gè)段落必須有一個(gè)中心即主題思想,該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來(lái)表達(dá)。整個(gè)段落必須緊扣這個(gè)主題（stick or hold to the topic）,這就是段落的統(tǒng)一性（unity）。其次,一個(gè)段落必須有若干推展句,使主題思想得到充分展開(kāi),從而給讀者一個(gè)完整的感覺(jué),這就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者,一個(gè)段落不是雜亂無(wú)章的,而是有機(jī)的組合,句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯,從一個(gè)句子到另一個(gè)句子的過(guò)渡必須流暢（smooth）,這就是連貫性（coherence）。下面我們就對(duì)這三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別加以說(shuō)明。
1. 統(tǒng)一性
一個(gè)段落內(nèi)的各個(gè)句子必須從屬于一個(gè)中心,任何游離于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請(qǐng)看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句,controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country.文中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)irrelevant sentences,一個(gè)是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,這一段是講的是Joe and I,中間出現(xiàn)一個(gè)Bella是不合適的。還有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關(guān)?？忌谒募?jí)統(tǒng)考的作文卷上常常因?yàn)樵斐鰅rrelevant sentences（不相關(guān)語(yǔ)句）而丟分,值得引起注意。再看一個(gè)例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Every day I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit,但段中有兩個(gè)irrelevant sentences,一個(gè)是I bought two new suitcases last week,另一個(gè)是My mother was a premature baby.
從上面兩個(gè)例子可以看出,native speakers同樣會(huì)造出來(lái)irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果這種句子多了,造成偏題或離題,那問(wèn)題就更嚴(yán)重了。
（例1）If you have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way to
permanent success. Remember the famous saying. “God helps those who help themselves.”
（例2）If we stick to studies day after day, there is nothing that can't be achieved. As an old saying goes： “Constant dropping of water wears away a stone.”
4.用反問(wèn)結(jié)尾： 雖然形式是問(wèn)句,但意義卻是肯定的,具有明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,引起讀者思考。
（例1）Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why should we not develop this ability as far as possible？
（例2）So,what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health？
5.提出展望或期望： 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的展望或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。
（例1）I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. As China will open further to the outside world the language is sure to be spread world widely.
（例2） If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relation. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization.
以上介紹了幾種寫(xiě)結(jié)尾段最常用的方法,但到底選擇何種方法結(jié)尾還得根據(jù)文體來(lái)決定。平鋪直敘的記敘文,往往在故事或事實(shí)情節(jié)講完時(shí)文章也就自然結(jié)束了,而說(shuō)理性和邏輯性較強(qiáng)的說(shuō)明文和議論文都應(yīng)有一個(gè)正式的結(jié)尾。希望以上介紹的幾種方法能對(duì)大家寫(xiě)好結(jié)尾有所幫助。
首先,一個(gè)段落必須有一個(gè)中心即主題思想,該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來(lái)表達(dá)。整個(gè)段落必須緊扣這個(gè)主題（stick or hold to the topic）,這就是段落的統(tǒng)一性（unity）。其次,一個(gè)段落必須有若干推展句,使主題思想得到充分展開(kāi),從而給讀者一個(gè)完整的感覺(jué),這就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者,一個(gè)段落不是雜亂無(wú)章的,而是有機(jī)的組合,句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯,從一個(gè)句子到另一個(gè)句子的過(guò)渡必須流暢（smooth）,這就是連貫性（coherence）。下面我們就對(duì)這三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別加以說(shuō)明。
1. 統(tǒng)一性
一個(gè)段落內(nèi)的各個(gè)句子必須從屬于一個(gè)中心,任何游離于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請(qǐng)看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句,controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country.文中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)irrelevant sentences,一個(gè)是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,這一段是講的是Joe and I,中間出現(xiàn)一個(gè)Bella是不合適的。還有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關(guān)?？忌谒募?jí)統(tǒng)考的作文卷上常常因?yàn)樵斐鰅rrelevant sentences（不相關(guān)語(yǔ)句）而丟分,值得引起注意。再看一個(gè)例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Every day I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit,但段中有兩個(gè)irrelevant sentences,一個(gè)是I bought two new suitcases last week,另一個(gè)是My mother was a premature baby.
從上面兩個(gè)例子可以看出,native speakers同樣會(huì)造出來(lái)irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果這種句子多了,造成偏題或離題,那問(wèn)題就更嚴(yán)重了。