中考英語動(dòng)詞不同時(shí)態(tài)辨析

字號(hào):

一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
    一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間不受限制或不確定,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的短暫性或有限度的持續(xù)性。請(qǐng)比較:
    ① Father works 48 hours every week.(指長期性的工作)
    Don’t make a noise. Father is working. (指目前的工作)
    ② I usually wear sports shoes.(經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作)
    I’m not wearing sports shoes today. (暫時(shí)的情況)
    瞬間動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù),用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的短暫性。如:
    ① The boy is jumping with joy.(那孩子高興地跳了起來)
    ② Jack shoots for the goal.(杰克射門)
    二、 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
    一般過去時(shí)不涉及對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,動(dòng)作一般也不能延續(xù)。試比較:
    His sister was in the school for eight years.(現(xiàn)在已不在學(xué)校)
    His sister has been in the school for eight years.(現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)校)
    一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語只指過去而不涉及現(xiàn)在,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與不確定的或包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:
     The man was in prison in 1932.(具體的過去時(shí)間)
     He has been in prison since 1932.(從過去到現(xiàn)在)
    有些時(shí)間狀語this morning, for a year等, 既可以用于一般過去時(shí),又可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但在意義上差別很大。如:
    I ate two eggs this morning.(說話時(shí)是早晨以后)
    I have eaten two eggs this morning.(說話時(shí)仍是早晨)
    She learned English for 6 years.(動(dòng)作已經(jīng)過去)
    She has learned English for 6 years.(動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束或還在繼續(xù))