講解:考研英語(yǔ)寫作的遣詞造句

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有位作家曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò),再偉大的思想也會(huì)裝進(jìn)看似丑陋的容器里??佳袑懽髟谕瑢W(xué)們構(gòu)思完大概的主題、框架后,最為關(guān)鍵的就是如何把要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容用好的詞匯和句子寫出來(lái)。而閱卷老師在非常緊張的閱卷中,更加關(guān)注的也是學(xué)生的用詞和用句。
    首先,詞語(yǔ)的多變主要來(lái)源于同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)學(xué)習(xí)或備考過(guò)程中的積累和多用,在考研寫作中多使用一些四級(jí)大綱里的難詞,也可以在做閱讀題的時(shí)候多觀察多積累一些常見(jiàn)詞匯,這樣對(duì)于閱卷老師來(lái)說(shuō),都是亮點(diǎn)。我們同學(xué)的問(wèn)題,主要出在背了單詞但是往往不用,導(dǎo)致了考場(chǎng)上明明可以使用的高級(jí)詞匯卻因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)使用的太少想不出來(lái)。
    然后,句型多變主要是指句子的開(kāi)頭變化,和高級(jí)語(yǔ)法的使用。比如分詞結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭,或形式主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭等等,總之,要開(kāi)頭變化多端。長(zhǎng)短結(jié)合強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的結(jié)構(gòu)要有變化,句子的長(zhǎng)度也要有變化。具體方法如下:
    1. 不要連續(xù)使用幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,要學(xué)會(huì)使用復(fù)雜句
    原句:A young boy is illustrated in the picture. He is running to the finishing line。
    修改后:Illustrated in the picture, a young boy is running to the finishing line. (2006年大作文)(非謂語(yǔ)形式作為開(kāi)端,增加了句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性)
    2. 要學(xué)會(huì)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
    原句:Recently we have paid much more attention than ever before to the topic of …
    修改后:Recently much more attention than ever before has been paid to the topic of … (考研經(jīng)典句式)
    3. 學(xué)會(huì)用無(wú)靈主語(yǔ)的句式
    原句:More and more people are aware that internet has brought us not just benefits but also harmful effect。
    修改后:There is a growing awareness that internet has brought us not just benefits but also harmful effect. (2009年大作文)
    4. 要學(xué)會(huì)用名詞結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)意思
    原句:If children indulge in internet surfing, their other abilities will be seriously affected。
    修改后:Heavy exposure to the internet surfing will exert an negative effect on children’s other abilities. (2009年大作文)
    5. 要學(xué)會(huì)用否定句來(lái)表達(dá)肯定的意思。即雙重否定=肯定
    原句: Confidence is the most basic issue to individual and national development。
    修改后:No issue is as basic to individual and national development as confidence. (2007年大作文)
    6. 要改變?cè)~匯單一表達(dá)
    如要表示“使”不要僅靠make;可以換成enable/allow/permit等; 如要表達(dá)“越來(lái)越”,不要只使用more and more:
    原句:More and more people find cooperating with others has become more and more difficult。
    修改后:People in growing numbers find cooperating has become increasingly difficult。
    如要表達(dá)“大多數(shù)”。不要一味用most:
    原句:Most young people have one or two idols。
    修改后:The vast majority of young people have one or two idols. (2006年大作文)
    如要用“不僅……而且……”不要只用not only...but also:
    原句:The factors for a rise in teenage’s idol worship is not only social but also psychological。
    修改后:The factors for a rise in teenage’s idol worship is psychological as well as social. (2006年大作文)
    即使使用了not only… but also,也要盡量用一些高級(jí)的句型來(lái)彌補(bǔ)替換,比如倒裝。
    原句:Love is not only one of the noblest worthy feeling of mankind, but also a valuable virtue。
    修改后:Not only is love one of the noblest worthy feeling of mankind, but also a valuable virtue。(2001年大作文)
    古語(yǔ)有云,熟讀唐詩(shī)三百首,不會(huì)作詩(shī)亦會(huì)吟。寫作是語(yǔ)言生產(chǎn)的過(guò)程,沒(méi)有足夠的輸入,是難以維系的。所以同學(xué)們平時(shí)應(yīng)該多讀英文報(bào)刊雜志,如《21世紀(jì)報(bào)》,《英語(yǔ)文摘》等,或者多上一些純英語(yǔ)雜志的網(wǎng)站,比如《TIME》(考研很多完型填空和閱讀的文章原型都來(lái)自于此)。多閱讀還可以起到一石數(shù)鳥(niǎo)的功效——提高閱讀能力,提高語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,避免詞窮的困境,擴(kuò)大詞匯量,吸取有用觀點(diǎn),開(kāi)拓思路,活躍文思,培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)言感覺(jué)及英語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣等等。
    總體講,考研寫作是一個(gè)實(shí)踐性的工作,重在多寫多用,正如不在水中練,是永遠(yuǎn)學(xué)不會(huì)游泳一樣。一定寫作理論固然重要,但只有勤動(dòng)筆寫,掌握基本套路,才能真正學(xué)會(huì)寫作。新東方考研英語(yǔ)寫作 王帆