7.He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much； 這是對(duì)同一個(gè)人不同方面的比較。譯為：“因此他的休閑時(shí)間可能太少而不是太多?！?BR> 8.die of 死于……
die of 死于自然原因
die from 死于非自然原因
so that在句中引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。“the fewer… the more … the better ”是一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越…就越…”。The better 后面省略了it is .
譯為：另一方面，對(duì)勞動(dòng)者來(lái)說(shuō)，閑暇意味著從強(qiáng)迫勞動(dòng)中擺脫出來(lái)的自由，因此很自然地他會(huì)想象自己被迫勞動(dòng)的時(shí)間越短，自由娛樂(lè)的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)就越好。
What percentage of the population in a modern technological society are， like myself， in the fortunate position of being workers？（9）At a guess 1 would say sixteen per cent， and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future.
9.percentage 作單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于它所代表的名詞是可數(shù)的還是不可數(shù)的。一般說(shuō)來(lái)population 作“人口”解時(shí)，是總稱，為集合名詞，一般作不可數(shù)名詞用，但這里由于percentage 與后面的workers 有直接呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，從意義一致的角度看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了are而沒(méi)有從語(yǔ)法一致的角度用is.
譯為：在現(xiàn)代技術(shù)社會(huì)里，有百分之幾的人能像我一樣處在工作者的幸運(yùn)位置上呢？
Technology and the division of labor have done two things； by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill， they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor， and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours.（10）It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population， that is to say， its laborers， will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. （11）When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved， the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed， the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies.（12）The latter， for example， ritualized their time； there was a season to shoot grouse， a season to spend in town， etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which it will be in the economic interest of certain people to change as often as possible（13）Again， the masses cannot go in for hunting， for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling， dueling， and warfare， it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving， drug-taking， and senseless acts of violence.（14）Workers seldom commit acts of violence， because they can put their aggression into their work， be it physical like the work of a smith， or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.（15）The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase “getting one's teeth into a problem.”
10.句中冒號(hào)后面的句子用來(lái)解釋前面的句子，它的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：by…，they have made …occupations…into …labor， and by…they have reduced the number…。在第一個(gè)by 介詞短語(yǔ)中， in many fields 是動(dòng)名詞eliminating 的狀語(yǔ)，原應(yīng)在skill之后，但因賓語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng)，所以被提到前面，插在了動(dòng)詞eliminating 和它的賓語(yǔ)the need之間?！皐hich formerly were enjoyable work為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾occupations.
譯為：技術(shù)和勞動(dòng)分工完成了兩件事：通過(guò)在很多領(lǐng)域消除了對(duì)特殊能力或技能的需求，把大量以前令人愉快的有償工作變成了枯燥無(wú)味的勞作；通過(guò)提高生產(chǎn)力減少了必要的勞動(dòng)時(shí)間。
11.句中in which 直至句尾為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾society.定語(yǔ)從句中又包含有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy ， 其中第二個(gè)as 引導(dǎo)的是帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。注意leisure 為狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，所以不能再另加主語(yǔ)。
譯為：現(xiàn)在人們已經(jīng)可能去想象這樣一個(gè)社會(huì)：其大部分人口，即勞作者，將會(huì)享有與以前貴族階層幾乎同樣多的閑暇時(shí)間。
12.mass society 意為“大眾社會(huì)”
確實(shí)，與當(dāng)時(shí)的貴族相比，為這樣一個(gè)未來(lái)的大眾社會(huì)解決如何打發(fā)閑暇的問(wèn)題要困難的多。
13.which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾fashion ， 從句中it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式to change. “ change”的賓語(yǔ)是which ，即fashion.
本句譯為：“老百姓更可能用時(shí)尚取代千篇一律的程式，而盡可能地經(jīng)常改變時(shí)尚是符合某些人的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的。”
14.only too easy to do sth. “非常容易做某事”
too… to … 一般作？quot；太…以致不能…“講， 但是加上only， but， all 等詞后則為”非?！瞿呈隆啊＠纾何曳浅Ｔ敢夂湍阋黄鸸ぷ?。 I'm only too pleased to work with you.
He was only too glad to help you.
He was too busy to help you.
譯為：對(duì)其他的貴族娛樂(lè)如賭博、決斗和打仗，要找一些與其對(duì)等的消遣方式實(shí)在是很容易的如危險(xiǎn)駕駛、吸毒和無(wú)意義的暴力行為。
15.be it physical like the work of a smith， or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist 為虛擬式讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，等價(jià)于：whether it is physical like the work of a smith， or it is mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.
譯為：工作者很少有暴力行為，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)把自己的進(jìn)取精神都投入到工作中去，不管是像鐵匠那樣的體力工作還是像科學(xué)家或藝術(shù)家那樣的腦力工作，都是如此。
Text B The Workman's Compensation
New Words
1.workman n. 工人，勞動(dòng)者
2.tighten vt./vi. （使）變緊；擰緊
形容詞tight+en
3.infinitely ad. 無(wú)限地，無(wú)窮地
4.varied a. 1.各種各樣的； 2.雜色的，斑斕的
vary 改變，變化
5.subtle a. 1.精巧的，精妙的； 2.微妙的，難以捉摸的
6.cadre n. 干部；基干
die of 死于自然原因
die from 死于非自然原因
so that在句中引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。“the fewer… the more … the better ”是一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越…就越…”。The better 后面省略了it is .
譯為：另一方面，對(duì)勞動(dòng)者來(lái)說(shuō)，閑暇意味著從強(qiáng)迫勞動(dòng)中擺脫出來(lái)的自由，因此很自然地他會(huì)想象自己被迫勞動(dòng)的時(shí)間越短，自由娛樂(lè)的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)就越好。
What percentage of the population in a modern technological society are， like myself， in the fortunate position of being workers？（9）At a guess 1 would say sixteen per cent， and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future.
9.percentage 作單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于它所代表的名詞是可數(shù)的還是不可數(shù)的。一般說(shuō)來(lái)population 作“人口”解時(shí)，是總稱，為集合名詞，一般作不可數(shù)名詞用，但這里由于percentage 與后面的workers 有直接呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，從意義一致的角度看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了are而沒(méi)有從語(yǔ)法一致的角度用is.
譯為：在現(xiàn)代技術(shù)社會(huì)里，有百分之幾的人能像我一樣處在工作者的幸運(yùn)位置上呢？
Technology and the division of labor have done two things； by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill， they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor， and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours.（10）It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population， that is to say， its laborers， will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. （11）When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved， the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed， the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies.（12）The latter， for example， ritualized their time； there was a season to shoot grouse， a season to spend in town， etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which it will be in the economic interest of certain people to change as often as possible（13）Again， the masses cannot go in for hunting， for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling， dueling， and warfare， it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving， drug-taking， and senseless acts of violence.（14）Workers seldom commit acts of violence， because they can put their aggression into their work， be it physical like the work of a smith， or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.（15）The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase “getting one's teeth into a problem.”
10.句中冒號(hào)后面的句子用來(lái)解釋前面的句子，它的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：by…，they have made …occupations…into …labor， and by…they have reduced the number…。在第一個(gè)by 介詞短語(yǔ)中， in many fields 是動(dòng)名詞eliminating 的狀語(yǔ)，原應(yīng)在skill之后，但因賓語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng)，所以被提到前面，插在了動(dòng)詞eliminating 和它的賓語(yǔ)the need之間?！皐hich formerly were enjoyable work為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾occupations.
譯為：技術(shù)和勞動(dòng)分工完成了兩件事：通過(guò)在很多領(lǐng)域消除了對(duì)特殊能力或技能的需求，把大量以前令人愉快的有償工作變成了枯燥無(wú)味的勞作；通過(guò)提高生產(chǎn)力減少了必要的勞動(dòng)時(shí)間。
11.句中in which 直至句尾為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾society.定語(yǔ)從句中又包含有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy ， 其中第二個(gè)as 引導(dǎo)的是帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。注意leisure 為狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，所以不能再另加主語(yǔ)。
譯為：現(xiàn)在人們已經(jīng)可能去想象這樣一個(gè)社會(huì)：其大部分人口，即勞作者，將會(huì)享有與以前貴族階層幾乎同樣多的閑暇時(shí)間。
12.mass society 意為“大眾社會(huì)”
確實(shí)，與當(dāng)時(shí)的貴族相比，為這樣一個(gè)未來(lái)的大眾社會(huì)解決如何打發(fā)閑暇的問(wèn)題要困難的多。
13.which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾fashion ， 從句中it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式to change. “ change”的賓語(yǔ)是which ，即fashion.
本句譯為：“老百姓更可能用時(shí)尚取代千篇一律的程式，而盡可能地經(jīng)常改變時(shí)尚是符合某些人的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的。”
14.only too easy to do sth. “非常容易做某事”
too… to … 一般作？quot；太…以致不能…“講， 但是加上only， but， all 等詞后則為”非?！瞿呈隆啊＠纾何曳浅Ｔ敢夂湍阋黄鸸ぷ?。 I'm only too pleased to work with you.
He was only too glad to help you.
He was too busy to help you.
譯為：對(duì)其他的貴族娛樂(lè)如賭博、決斗和打仗，要找一些與其對(duì)等的消遣方式實(shí)在是很容易的如危險(xiǎn)駕駛、吸毒和無(wú)意義的暴力行為。
15.be it physical like the work of a smith， or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist 為虛擬式讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，等價(jià)于：whether it is physical like the work of a smith， or it is mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.
譯為：工作者很少有暴力行為，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)把自己的進(jìn)取精神都投入到工作中去，不管是像鐵匠那樣的體力工作還是像科學(xué)家或藝術(shù)家那樣的腦力工作，都是如此。
Text B The Workman's Compensation
New Words
1.workman n. 工人，勞動(dòng)者
2.tighten vt./vi. （使）變緊；擰緊
形容詞tight+en
3.infinitely ad. 無(wú)限地，無(wú)窮地
4.varied a. 1.各種各樣的； 2.雜色的，斑斕的
vary 改變，變化
5.subtle a. 1.精巧的，精妙的； 2.微妙的，難以捉摸的
6.cadre n. 干部；基干