3.to take advantage of ： 利用
They took full advantage of the hotel‘s facilities. 他們充分利用旅館的設(shè)備。
She took advantage of my generosity. 她利用了我的慷慨。
4.to act sth. out ： 用行動(dòng)表現(xiàn)… ， 扮演 … 角色
The workers acted out their dissatisfaction with the management by going on a strike.工人們以罷工來(lái)表示他們對(duì)資方的不滿。
Children‘s negative feelings often get acted out in bad behavior.孩子們的消極情緒往往通過(guò)不好的行為表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
II.重點(diǎn)句子講解
Self-esteem is what people think about themselves - whether or not they feel valued - and when family members have self-respect， pride， and belief in themselves， this high self-esteem makes it possible to cope with the everyday problems of growing up.（1）
1.Self-esteem is what people think about themselves - whether or not they feel valued - and when family members have self-respect， pride， and belief in themselves， this high self-esteem makes it possible to cope with the everyday problems of growing up.
該句的主干是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句。前一句，what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，破折號(hào)之間的部分是對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句的解釋。后一句，是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中用了make it possible to do sth .的結(jié)構(gòu)，it 為形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)是實(shí)際賓語(yǔ)。
這一段告訴我們什么是自尊心，“自尊心是人們對(duì)自己的看法 - 他們是否感到受重視-當(dāng)家庭成員都擁有自尊自豪和自信時(shí)，這種高度的自尊心就能使他們應(yīng)付成長(zhǎng)中的日常問(wèn)題?！?BR> Successful parenting begins by communicating to children that they belong， and are loved for no other reason than just because they exist. （2）Through touch and tone of voice parents tell their infants whether or not they are valued， special， and loved and it is these messages that form the basis of the child‘s self-esteem. When children grow up with love and are made to feel lovable despite their mistakes and failures， they are able to interact with others in a responsible， honest， and loving way. A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise， making it easier to see a problem as temporary， manageable， and something from which the individual can emerge.（3）
2.Successful parenting begins by communicating to children that they belong， and are loved for no other reason than just because they exist.
此句參看教材229頁(yè)注釋1，no other … than“不是別的…，正是…”
communicate sth. to sb. 意為“使某人知道某物/某事”，由于sth.的部分是由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，因?yàn)檫^(guò)長(zhǎng)，所以后置。
本句的意思是：“成功的育兒之道始于讓孩子知道，他們屬于這個(gè)家庭，他們受寵愛沒(méi)有別的原因，就是因?yàn)樗麄冏陨淼拇嬖??！?BR> 3.A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise， making it easier to see a problem as temporary， manageable， and something from which the individual can emerge.
“resource” 的意思是：（解決困難或獲得成功的）辦法，手段
前面一句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而making之后的部分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。
本句的意思是：“健康的自尊心是困難出現(xiàn)時(shí)解決困難的手段，它使人們比較容易把問(wèn)題看成是暫時(shí)的，可以克服的，并且在解決問(wèn)題中個(gè)人才可以嶄露頭角”
If ，however， children grow up without love and without feelings of self-worth， they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated， taken advantage of， and looked down upon by others.（4）Ultimately their actions invite this treatment， and their self-defeating behavior turns expectations into reality. They do not have the personal resources to handle everyday problems in a healthy way， and life may be viewed as just one crisis after another. Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others.（5）These individuals grow up to live isolated. Lonely lives. Lacking the ability to give the love that they have never received.
4.If，however， children grow up without love and without feelings of self-worth， they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated， taken advantage of ， and looked down upon by others.
take advantage of 利用，運(yùn)用； look down upon ： 看不起…； 輕視…；
注意三個(gè)不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)并列
本句的意思是：“然而，如果孩子成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中沒(méi)有得到愛，沒(méi)有感覺(jué)自我的價(jià)值，他們就會(huì)覺(jué)得自己不討人喜歡，毫無(wú)用處，總預(yù)想自己會(huì)被別人欺騙，利用和看不起?！?BR> 5.Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others.
rather than 而不是 并列兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)
本句的意思是：“沒(méi)有健康的自尊心，他們處理問(wèn)題時(shí)，不是把問(wèn)題談出來(lái)，而是用行動(dòng)把問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，或是采取退縮和對(duì)自己和他人保持冷淡的態(tài)度?！?BR> Self-esteem is a kind of energy， and when it is high， people feel like they can handle anything. It is what one feels when special things are happening or everything is going great. A word of praise， a smile， a good grade on a report card， or doing something that creates pride within oneself can create this energy. When feelings about the self have been threatened and self-esteem is low， everything becomes more of an effort. It is difficult to hear， see， or think clearly， and others seem rude， inconsiderate， and rough. The problem is not with others， it is with the self， but often it is not until energies are back to normal that the real problem is recognized.（6）
They took full advantage of the hotel‘s facilities. 他們充分利用旅館的設(shè)備。
She took advantage of my generosity. 她利用了我的慷慨。
4.to act sth. out ： 用行動(dòng)表現(xiàn)… ， 扮演 … 角色
The workers acted out their dissatisfaction with the management by going on a strike.工人們以罷工來(lái)表示他們對(duì)資方的不滿。
Children‘s negative feelings often get acted out in bad behavior.孩子們的消極情緒往往通過(guò)不好的行為表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
II.重點(diǎn)句子講解
Self-esteem is what people think about themselves - whether or not they feel valued - and when family members have self-respect， pride， and belief in themselves， this high self-esteem makes it possible to cope with the everyday problems of growing up.（1）
1.Self-esteem is what people think about themselves - whether or not they feel valued - and when family members have self-respect， pride， and belief in themselves， this high self-esteem makes it possible to cope with the everyday problems of growing up.
該句的主干是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句。前一句，what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，破折號(hào)之間的部分是對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句的解釋。后一句，是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中用了make it possible to do sth .的結(jié)構(gòu)，it 為形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)是實(shí)際賓語(yǔ)。
這一段告訴我們什么是自尊心，“自尊心是人們對(duì)自己的看法 - 他們是否感到受重視-當(dāng)家庭成員都擁有自尊自豪和自信時(shí)，這種高度的自尊心就能使他們應(yīng)付成長(zhǎng)中的日常問(wèn)題?！?BR> Successful parenting begins by communicating to children that they belong， and are loved for no other reason than just because they exist. （2）Through touch and tone of voice parents tell their infants whether or not they are valued， special， and loved and it is these messages that form the basis of the child‘s self-esteem. When children grow up with love and are made to feel lovable despite their mistakes and failures， they are able to interact with others in a responsible， honest， and loving way. A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise， making it easier to see a problem as temporary， manageable， and something from which the individual can emerge.（3）
2.Successful parenting begins by communicating to children that they belong， and are loved for no other reason than just because they exist.
此句參看教材229頁(yè)注釋1，no other … than“不是別的…，正是…”
communicate sth. to sb. 意為“使某人知道某物/某事”，由于sth.的部分是由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，因?yàn)檫^(guò)長(zhǎng)，所以后置。
本句的意思是：“成功的育兒之道始于讓孩子知道，他們屬于這個(gè)家庭，他們受寵愛沒(méi)有別的原因，就是因?yàn)樗麄冏陨淼拇嬖??！?BR> 3.A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise， making it easier to see a problem as temporary， manageable， and something from which the individual can emerge.
“resource” 的意思是：（解決困難或獲得成功的）辦法，手段
前面一句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而making之后的部分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。
本句的意思是：“健康的自尊心是困難出現(xiàn)時(shí)解決困難的手段，它使人們比較容易把問(wèn)題看成是暫時(shí)的，可以克服的，并且在解決問(wèn)題中個(gè)人才可以嶄露頭角”
If ，however， children grow up without love and without feelings of self-worth， they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated， taken advantage of， and looked down upon by others.（4）Ultimately their actions invite this treatment， and their self-defeating behavior turns expectations into reality. They do not have the personal resources to handle everyday problems in a healthy way， and life may be viewed as just one crisis after another. Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others.（5）These individuals grow up to live isolated. Lonely lives. Lacking the ability to give the love that they have never received.
4.If，however， children grow up without love and without feelings of self-worth， they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated， taken advantage of ， and looked down upon by others.
take advantage of 利用，運(yùn)用； look down upon ： 看不起…； 輕視…；
注意三個(gè)不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)并列
本句的意思是：“然而，如果孩子成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中沒(méi)有得到愛，沒(méi)有感覺(jué)自我的價(jià)值，他們就會(huì)覺(jué)得自己不討人喜歡，毫無(wú)用處，總預(yù)想自己會(huì)被別人欺騙，利用和看不起?！?BR> 5.Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others.
rather than 而不是 并列兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)
本句的意思是：“沒(méi)有健康的自尊心，他們處理問(wèn)題時(shí)，不是把問(wèn)題談出來(lái)，而是用行動(dòng)把問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，或是采取退縮和對(duì)自己和他人保持冷淡的態(tài)度?！?BR> Self-esteem is a kind of energy， and when it is high， people feel like they can handle anything. It is what one feels when special things are happening or everything is going great. A word of praise， a smile， a good grade on a report card， or doing something that creates pride within oneself can create this energy. When feelings about the self have been threatened and self-esteem is low， everything becomes more of an effort. It is difficult to hear， see， or think clearly， and others seem rude， inconsiderate， and rough. The problem is not with others， it is with the self， but often it is not until energies are back to normal that the real problem is recognized.（6）