四、定語從句 1)Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai,______she belong.(1998.6)
A.Which
B.to where
C.to which
D.at which
2)The investigation______will soon be published, was made by John.(1998.6)
A.at which the results
B.the results on which
C.whose results
D.at whose results.
3)My vacation begins next Tuesday,______I will leave for Florida.(1999.6)
A.which
B.that
C.while
D.when
4)This is the sportsman whom everyone says will win the
A B C
first prize at the Winter Olympic Games.(1999.6)
D
5)The United States is composed of fifty states,
A
two of those are separated from the others by land or water.
B C D
(2000.6)
6)A curve is a line______ no part is straight and which has no angle.(2001.6)
A.that
B.whose
C.in which
D.of which
7)I will not forget the ten years______ we both spent in the little village.(2001.6)
A.when
B.during which
C.which
D.in which
8)The grass______ many animals live is abundant here.(2003.4)
A.by which
B.with which
C.on which
D.of which
9)______is known to all, too much smoking will cause lung cancer.(2003.11)
A.That
B.It
C.As
D.What
10)The seventeenth century was one which many significant
A
advances were made in both science and philosophy.(2003.11)
B C D
11)Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,______ ,of course, made the others jealous.
(2005.4)
A.who
B.what
C.that
D.which
12)The way which the different kinds of rock lie on
A B
one another helps to tell the story of long ago.(2005.4)
C D
「答案」CCDBB DCCCA DA
「評析」
從以上各題可以看出，定語從句的考查還是集中在關(guān)系詞的選擇，雖然也有關(guān)系詞最一般的用法，但更多的是對特殊關(guān)系詞的考查?？偟恼f來有以下幾點需要注意：
① 關(guān)系詞的使用：一看先行詞，二看關(guān)系詞在從句中的作用。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在于從句中所作的成分，先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行詞在從句中作狀語時，應選擇關(guān)系副詞(where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語)，如3)和7)。
7)I will not forget the ten years______ we both spent in the little village.
A.when
B.during which
C.which
D.in which
答案：C
(雖然先行詞時為表示時間的詞匯the ten years，但是the ten yeas在后面的定語從句中作spent的賓語，因此應當用關(guān)系代詞which來引導這個定語從句，而不是關(guān)系副詞when.)
3)My vacation begins next Tuesday,______ I will leave for Florida.(1999.6)
A.which
B.that
C.while
D.when
答案：D
(先行詞next Tuesday在后面的定語從句中作狀語，因此應當用關(guān)系副詞when來引導這個定語從句。)
在此基礎上熟記幾個常用的固定句式，如：
the same … as
such … as
當看到先行詞前有the same 或such修飾時，可直接從選項中找as，選擇就變得比較簡單，這時用不著考慮先行詞是人還是物。
② 關(guān)系詞在句中作定語，應當用關(guān)系詞whose，如2)：
2)The investigation______ will soon be published, was made by John.(1998.6)
A.at which the results B.the results on which
C.whose results D.at whose results.
答案：C
同學們應該熟悉關(guān)系詞作定語時的各種變體，作定語的關(guān)系詞可有以下變體，試比較：
the office whose windows are broken
the office the windows of which are broken
the office of which the windows are broken
上面的6)題就屬于the windows of which這種形式：
6)A curve is a line______ no part is straight and which has no angle.
A.that B.whose C.in which D.of which
答案：D
先行詞是人時，同樣也可有這三種形式，如：
the professor whose car was stolen
the professor the car of whom was stolen
the professor of whom the car was stolen
③注意"介詞 + which/whom"的結(jié)構(gòu)作關(guān)系詞
從三級考試對定語從句的測試來看，主要考查的是介詞的選擇。"介詞 + which/whom"主要有以下幾種情況：
A. 介詞是句中短語搭配的一部分，如1)和8)：
1)Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai,she belong.(1998.6)
A.Which
B.to where
C.to which
D.at which
答案：C
("屬于"要用belong to，關(guān)系代詞在句中作賓語，同時定語從句以介詞結(jié)尾，因此把介詞提前，形成to which she belong的結(jié)構(gòu)。 )
8)The grass______many animals live is abundant here.(2003.4)
A.by which B.with which C.on which D.of which
答案：C
再如：
We need a chairman ______.
A.for whom everyone has confidence
B.in whom everyone has confidence
C.who everyone has confidence of
D.whom everyone has confidence on
答案：B
(表示"信任某人"要用have confidence in somebody，所以作定語，應該用a chairman in whom … has confidence.)
B."部分 + of + 整體名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)作關(guān)系詞也就是 "部分名詞 + of which/whom"的結(jié)構(gòu)。
該結(jié)構(gòu)的使用應注意兩點，一是注意定語從句與并列句的分別，如：
5)The United States is composed of fifty states,
A
two of those are separated from the others by land or water.
B C D
(2000.6)
答案：B
再如：
He invited many scientists to his birthday party, many of ______ were his old classmates.
A.whom
B.them
C.which
D.that
答案：A
這里很自然地會有many of whom 與many of them的選擇。
C.在大多數(shù)情況下，要看關(guān)系詞與先行詞之間的關(guān)系，以確定選擇什么樣的介詞，如10)：
10)The seventeenth century was one which many significant
A
advances were made in both science and philosophy.(2003.11)
B C D
答案：A
④ 注意as引導的非限制性定語從句的用法
as引導非限制性定語從句時，可置于句首，也可置于句尾，表示"正如……".如9)：
9)______is known to all, too much smoking will cause lung cancer.(2003.11)
A.That
B.It
C.As
D.What
答案：C
再如：The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,______ is often the case in other countries.
A.as
B.what
C.so
D.that
答案：A
______ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
A.As
B.That
C.It
D.What
答案：A
一般as引導定語從句時，其先行詞為整個主句。which引導非限制性定語從句，其先行詞也可以是主句或主句中的一部分。
⑤ 注意先行詞為時間、地點或原因時，關(guān)系詞的選用。如果用when, where 或why，關(guān)系詞在從句中應該是作狀語，否則的話則應該用which/that等。如上面7)中：
7)I will not forget the ten years______we both spent in the little village.(2001.6)
A.when
B.during which
C.which
D.in which
[答疑編號10010614：針對該題提問]
答案：C
先行詞作spent的賓語，只能用which.
再如：
I've never been to Beijing, but it is the place ______.
A.where I'd like to visit
B.in which I'd like to visit
C.I most want to visit
D.that I want to visit it most
答案：D
先行詞在從句中visit的賓語，關(guān)系詞不能用where，而只能是that/which.
⑥注意定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。如：
There are signs ______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A.that
B.which
C.in which
D.whose
答案：A
由于signs與后面的restaurants沒有修飾和被修飾關(guān)系，所以whose不對，如果是定語從句，關(guān)系詞代替signs，而從句中不需要該詞。所以這里不是定語從句而是同位語從句，從句表示sign的內(nèi)容。
再如：
The fact______ he does so in so short period of time challenges explanation.(2003.4)
A.why
B.that
C.what
D.which
答案：B
Would the news______ he failed to pass the exam bother you?(2003.4)
A.which
B.that
C.of which
D.on which
答案：B
⑦先行詞為reason時,關(guān)系詞用why,先行詞為 the way時，關(guān)系詞用that或in which.例如：
That is the reason______ Ann could not do her part of the job.(1992.6)
A.that
B.of
C.which
D.why
答案：D
In his latest article Tom criticize the way which the war
A B C
being handled.(1997.6)
D
答案：C
⑧ 定語從句中的插入語
有時候，在定語從句的先行詞和謂語動詞之間會插入一個小句或者一個副詞短語，這樣就會造成理解上的困難。我們在做題時只要把這些插入語刪除，然后按照定語從句的語法規(guī)則去做就可以了。如4)、11)
4)This is the sportsman whom everyone says will win the
A B C
first prize at the Winter Olympic Games.(1999.6)
D
答案：B
11)Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,______ , [of course], made the others jealous.(2005.4)
A.who
B.what
C.that
D.which
A.Which
B.to where
C.to which
D.at which
2)The investigation______will soon be published, was made by John.(1998.6)
A.at which the results
B.the results on which
C.whose results
D.at whose results.
3)My vacation begins next Tuesday,______I will leave for Florida.(1999.6)
A.which
B.that
C.while
D.when
4)This is the sportsman whom everyone says will win the
A B C
first prize at the Winter Olympic Games.(1999.6)
D
5)The United States is composed of fifty states,
A
two of those are separated from the others by land or water.
B C D
(2000.6)
6)A curve is a line______ no part is straight and which has no angle.(2001.6)
A.that
B.whose
C.in which
D.of which
7)I will not forget the ten years______ we both spent in the little village.(2001.6)
A.when
B.during which
C.which
D.in which
8)The grass______ many animals live is abundant here.(2003.4)
A.by which
B.with which
C.on which
D.of which
9)______is known to all, too much smoking will cause lung cancer.(2003.11)
A.That
B.It
C.As
D.What
10)The seventeenth century was one which many significant
A
advances were made in both science and philosophy.(2003.11)
B C D
11)Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,______ ,of course, made the others jealous.
(2005.4)
A.who
B.what
C.that
D.which
12)The way which the different kinds of rock lie on
A B
one another helps to tell the story of long ago.(2005.4)
C D
「答案」CCDBB DCCCA DA
「評析」
從以上各題可以看出，定語從句的考查還是集中在關(guān)系詞的選擇，雖然也有關(guān)系詞最一般的用法，但更多的是對特殊關(guān)系詞的考查?？偟恼f來有以下幾點需要注意：
① 關(guān)系詞的使用：一看先行詞，二看關(guān)系詞在從句中的作用。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在于從句中所作的成分，先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行詞在從句中作狀語時，應選擇關(guān)系副詞(where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語)，如3)和7)。
7)I will not forget the ten years______ we both spent in the little village.
A.when
B.during which
C.which
D.in which
答案：C
(雖然先行詞時為表示時間的詞匯the ten years，但是the ten yeas在后面的定語從句中作spent的賓語，因此應當用關(guān)系代詞which來引導這個定語從句，而不是關(guān)系副詞when.)
3)My vacation begins next Tuesday,______ I will leave for Florida.(1999.6)
A.which
B.that
C.while
D.when
答案：D
(先行詞next Tuesday在后面的定語從句中作狀語，因此應當用關(guān)系副詞when來引導這個定語從句。)
在此基礎上熟記幾個常用的固定句式，如：
the same … as
such … as
當看到先行詞前有the same 或such修飾時，可直接從選項中找as，選擇就變得比較簡單，這時用不著考慮先行詞是人還是物。
② 關(guān)系詞在句中作定語，應當用關(guān)系詞whose，如2)：
2)The investigation______ will soon be published, was made by John.(1998.6)
A.at which the results B.the results on which
C.whose results D.at whose results.
答案：C
同學們應該熟悉關(guān)系詞作定語時的各種變體，作定語的關(guān)系詞可有以下變體，試比較：
the office whose windows are broken
the office the windows of which are broken
the office of which the windows are broken
上面的6)題就屬于the windows of which這種形式：
6)A curve is a line______ no part is straight and which has no angle.
A.that B.whose C.in which D.of which
答案：D
先行詞是人時，同樣也可有這三種形式，如：
the professor whose car was stolen
the professor the car of whom was stolen
the professor of whom the car was stolen
③注意"介詞 + which/whom"的結(jié)構(gòu)作關(guān)系詞
從三級考試對定語從句的測試來看，主要考查的是介詞的選擇。"介詞 + which/whom"主要有以下幾種情況：
A. 介詞是句中短語搭配的一部分，如1)和8)：
1)Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai,she belong.(1998.6)
A.Which
B.to where
C.to which
D.at which
答案：C
("屬于"要用belong to，關(guān)系代詞在句中作賓語，同時定語從句以介詞結(jié)尾，因此把介詞提前，形成to which she belong的結(jié)構(gòu)。 )
8)The grass______many animals live is abundant here.(2003.4)
A.by which B.with which C.on which D.of which
答案：C
再如：
We need a chairman ______.
A.for whom everyone has confidence
B.in whom everyone has confidence
C.who everyone has confidence of
D.whom everyone has confidence on
答案：B
(表示"信任某人"要用have confidence in somebody，所以作定語，應該用a chairman in whom … has confidence.)
B."部分 + of + 整體名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)作關(guān)系詞也就是 "部分名詞 + of which/whom"的結(jié)構(gòu)。
該結(jié)構(gòu)的使用應注意兩點，一是注意定語從句與并列句的分別，如：
5)The United States is composed of fifty states,
A
two of those are separated from the others by land or water.
B C D
(2000.6)
答案：B
再如：
He invited many scientists to his birthday party, many of ______ were his old classmates.
A.whom
B.them
C.which
D.that
答案：A
這里很自然地會有many of whom 與many of them的選擇。
C.在大多數(shù)情況下，要看關(guān)系詞與先行詞之間的關(guān)系，以確定選擇什么樣的介詞，如10)：
10)The seventeenth century was one which many significant
A
advances were made in both science and philosophy.(2003.11)
B C D
答案：A
④ 注意as引導的非限制性定語從句的用法
as引導非限制性定語從句時，可置于句首，也可置于句尾，表示"正如……".如9)：
9)______is known to all, too much smoking will cause lung cancer.(2003.11)
A.That
B.It
C.As
D.What
答案：C
再如：The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,______ is often the case in other countries.
A.as
B.what
C.so
D.that
答案：A
______ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
A.As
B.That
C.It
D.What
答案：A
一般as引導定語從句時，其先行詞為整個主句。which引導非限制性定語從句，其先行詞也可以是主句或主句中的一部分。
⑤ 注意先行詞為時間、地點或原因時，關(guān)系詞的選用。如果用when, where 或why，關(guān)系詞在從句中應該是作狀語，否則的話則應該用which/that等。如上面7)中：
7)I will not forget the ten years______we both spent in the little village.(2001.6)
A.when
B.during which
C.which
D.in which
[答疑編號10010614：針對該題提問]
答案：C
先行詞作spent的賓語，只能用which.
再如：
I've never been to Beijing, but it is the place ______.
A.where I'd like to visit
B.in which I'd like to visit
C.I most want to visit
D.that I want to visit it most
答案：D
先行詞在從句中visit的賓語，關(guān)系詞不能用where，而只能是that/which.
⑥注意定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。如：
There are signs ______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A.that
B.which
C.in which
D.whose
答案：A
由于signs與后面的restaurants沒有修飾和被修飾關(guān)系，所以whose不對，如果是定語從句，關(guān)系詞代替signs，而從句中不需要該詞。所以這里不是定語從句而是同位語從句，從句表示sign的內(nèi)容。
再如：
The fact______ he does so in so short period of time challenges explanation.(2003.4)
A.why
B.that
C.what
D.which
答案：B
Would the news______ he failed to pass the exam bother you?(2003.4)
A.which
B.that
C.of which
D.on which
答案：B
⑦先行詞為reason時,關(guān)系詞用why,先行詞為 the way時，關(guān)系詞用that或in which.例如：
That is the reason______ Ann could not do her part of the job.(1992.6)
A.that
B.of
C.which
D.why
答案：D
In his latest article Tom criticize the way which the war
A B C
being handled.(1997.6)
D
答案：C
⑧ 定語從句中的插入語
有時候，在定語從句的先行詞和謂語動詞之間會插入一個小句或者一個副詞短語，這樣就會造成理解上的困難。我們在做題時只要把這些插入語刪除，然后按照定語從句的語法規(guī)則去做就可以了。如4)、11)
4)This is the sportsman whom everyone says will win the
A B C
first prize at the Winter Olympic Games.(1999.6)
D
答案：B
11)Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,______ , [of course], made the others jealous.(2005.4)
A.who
B.what
C.that
D.which