2009年自學(xué)考試自考英語(yǔ)二復(fù)習(xí)資料(二)

字號(hào):

補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)法知識(shí):名詞性從句
    名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問(wèn)詞充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句,其功同名詞一樣。
    一.主語(yǔ)從句
    主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
    1. It 作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較
    It 作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
    1).It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.
    2).It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.
    3).It is in the morning that the murder took place.
    4).It is John that broke the window.
    必背
    用形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)多,有些已形成固定的語(yǔ)法和譯法。常見(jiàn)的有:
    It is said that... 據(jù)說(shuō)…… It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……
    It is well known that... 眾所周知…… It is announced that... 據(jù)宣布……
    It is believed that... 人們相信…… It is thought that... 人們認(rèn)為……
    It is understood that... 自不待言…… It must be pointed out that... 必須指出……
    It must be admitted that... 必須承認(rèn)……
    2.主語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序
    主語(yǔ)從句要求使用陳述句語(yǔ)序,而非一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。如:
    What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
    使我感到驚訝的是這個(gè)小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。
    How he was successful is still a puzzle.
    他是如何成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。
    3. 連接詞的選用
    (1)that和what的選用
    that和what都可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。what除起連接作用外,還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)某些成分,可作從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,無(wú)詞義,只起連接詞作用。如:
    What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本書(shū)。
    That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 眾所周知,光線沿直線運(yùn)行。
    (2)if和whether的選用
    引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,不能用if,只能用whether。如:
    Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
    我們明天是否在戶外開(kāi)晚會(huì)要看天氣而定。
    (3)其它連接代詞和副詞的選用
    根據(jù)主語(yǔ)從句的具體意義,正確的選擇who, which, when, where, why, how等連接詞,這些連接詞既有疑問(wèn)含義,又起連接作用,同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。如:
    When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。
    Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 還不清楚昨天誰(shuí)打破了玻璃。
    Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你決定買(mǎi)哪一輛車(chē)都不會(huì)有任何區(qū)別。