地，完全地，坦率地"的意義。例如：The float bobbed up and down on the river. 筏子在江面載浮載沉。He thrust his hands into his pockets and walked up and down the office with measured steps.他把雙手插在口袋里，邁著方步在辦公室里踱來踱去。Where have you been? I have looked for you up and down for nearly half an hour.你剛才到哪里去了？我到處找你差不多有半個鐘頭了。Here is his hometown which he knows up and down.這兒是他十分熟悉的家鄉(xiāng)。
ups and downs是名詞詞組，可用作主語和賓語，其前可加限定詞my, your, the, this等。它的本意是指"高低，起伏"的意思，但它常用作喻意，表示"盛衰，成敗，苦樂，好壞"等意思。例如：Life is full of ups and downs.人生充滿苦和樂。The family suffers those ups and downs to which the great houses of Scotland have been ever liable.這個家庭遭遇的興衰，是蘇格蘭許多大家族難以避免的。The fluctuations of market prices, their deviations from values, their ups and downs paralyze and compensate each other.市場價格的上下波動，市場價格的背離價值，市場價格的漲落都是相互抵消和互相補償的。
6、useful for, useful to
這是兩個形容詞詞組，通常用作動詞be或become的表語或后置定語，都表示"對...有用的"的意思，但在用法上有所區(qū)別。
useful for中的for表示目的或用途，其后通常接動名詞或事物名詞。例如：These books are useful for writing.這些書對寫作很有用。Those old
ups and downs是名詞詞組，可用作主語和賓語，其前可加限定詞my, your, the, this等。它的本意是指"高低，起伏"的意思，但它常用作喻意，表示"盛衰，成敗，苦樂，好壞"等意思。例如：Life is full of ups and downs.人生充滿苦和樂。The family suffers those ups and downs to which the great houses of Scotland have been ever liable.這個家庭遭遇的興衰，是蘇格蘭許多大家族難以避免的。The fluctuations of market prices, their deviations from values, their ups and downs paralyze and compensate each other.市場價格的上下波動，市場價格的背離價值，市場價格的漲落都是相互抵消和互相補償的。
6、useful for, useful to
這是兩個形容詞詞組，通常用作動詞be或become的表語或后置定語，都表示"對...有用的"的意思，但在用法上有所區(qū)別。
useful for中的for表示目的或用途，其后通常接動名詞或事物名詞。例如：These books are useful for writing.這些書對寫作很有用。Those old