名詞是高中英語階段的最簡單的一個(gè)語法項(xiàng)目，今天我給大家總結(jié)一下有關(guān)名詞的使用方法并有一部分練習(xí)
1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞
一般情況 加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps
濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches
以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby---babies
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
1） child——children foot——feet tooth——teeth
mouse——mice man——men woman——women
注意：由一個(gè)詞加 man 或 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans.
2） 單復(fù)同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a dollar， two dollars； a meter， two meters.
3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle， the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。
4） 以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。
b. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。
c. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。
d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如：
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。
5） 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses （眼鏡） trousers， clothes等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair（對(duì)，雙）； suit（套）； a pair of glasses； two pairs of trousers等。
6） 另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚。
名詞的格
英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book.名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：
1） 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s"，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的書包，men's room 男廁所。
2） 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭。
3） 凡不能加"'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4） 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barber's 理發(fā)店。
5） 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有"；只有一個(gè)'s，則表示'共有'.例如：
John's and Mary's rooms（兩間） John and Mary's room（一間）
6） 復(fù)合名詞或短語，'s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例如：a month or two's absence
不可數(shù)名詞量的表示
1）物質(zhì)名詞
a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)為可數(shù)。
比較：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 （不可數(shù)）
These cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 （可數(shù)）
b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：
This factory produces steel.?。ú豢蓴?shù)）
We need various steels. （可數(shù)）
c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：
Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。
Two teas， please. 請(qǐng)來兩杯茶。
2） 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時(shí)也可數(shù)。例如：
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化
物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。
定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。
1） 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：
sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室
talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系
2） man， woman， gentleman等作定語時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3） 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時(shí)，s保留。例如：
goods train （貨車） arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)
customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷
4） 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：
two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan. 一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃
不同國籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)
國籍 總稱（謂語用復(fù)數(shù)） 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
中國人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亞人 the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄國人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希臘人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法國人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美國人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德國人 the Germans a Germans two Germans
英國人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
下面是有關(guān)英語名詞的練習(xí)
名詞
1. This is ___ reading-room.
A. the teacher’s B. teacher’s
C. teacher’s D. the teachers’
2. Nothing was found but ___ broken.
A. the room window B. the room’s window
C. the room of the window D. the window of room
3. How many___ would you like?
A. paper B. bread
C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread
4. He was praised for his ___.
A. brave B. bravery
C. bravely D. great brave
5. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town.
A. clothes B. dress
C. clothing D. trousers
6. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.
A. woman B. women
C. woman’s D. women’s
7. Some___ are even thinner than your little finger.
A. bamboo B. bamboos
C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos
8. He was born in this town and now he lives in ___.
A. Building second B. Building Two
C. the Building Two D. Building the Second
9. Old as he is, he has ___to do every day.
A. a lot of work B. much works
C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks
10. Jack’s room is furnished with ___.
A. new furnitures B. many new furnitures
C. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture
11. Have you read ___newspaper yet?
A. today’s B. Today’s
C. the today’s D. your today’s
12. It’s not far, only ___walk from here to our school.
A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes
C. a ten minutes’ D. ten minutes’
13. Last month, he wrote me ___letter.
A. a 1000-word B. 1000 words
C. a 1000-words D. 1000 words’
14. He had a ___sleep yesterday.
A. a good night B. a good-night
C. a good night’s D. good-night’s
15. ___is not a long way to drive.
A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distance
C. Three miles’ distance D. A three-mile-distance
16. His isn’t fit for the work. Please get me ___.
A. something else B. somebody else
C. someone else’s D. somebody’s else
17. Do you know how large ___ is?
A. population of China B. Chinese population
C. China population D. China’s population
18. ___ is too much for the boy to carry.
A. The box weight B. The box’s weight
C. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight
19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest ___ shop?
A. shoes B. shoe
C. shoes’ D. shoe’s
20. What ___ weather we’re having these days!
A. nice B. a nice
C. a bad D. worse
21. They say that the meeting will be ___.
A. of very important B. great importance
C. of great importance D. great important
22. I’m going to call at ___ this evening.
A. Mr Black B. the Blacks
C. Mr Black’s D. Blacks’
23. What Darwin said was an attack on people’s religious ___.
A. belief B. beliefs
C. beliefs D. believs
24. There are some ___waiting for you outside.
A. German B. American
C. grown-up D. Japanese
25. Their factory has developed a kind of ___ to help people walk.
A. machine B. machines
C. a machine D. the machine
26. There’re many ___ in my brother’s album.
A. leafs B. toys
C. books D. stamps
27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of ___.
A. tomatoes B. potatos
C. vegetable D. meats
28. Upon hearing what I said, his ___ rose.
A. anger B. angry
C. angrily D. angriness
29. Excuse me, can you change this ___ for me?
A. five-pound note B. five pounds note
C. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes
30. You have to make ___ for your journey
A. preparing B. preparation
C. a preparation D. preparations
31. While washing up, she broke a ___.
A. glass wine B. wine glass
C. glass of wine D. wine of glass
32. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.
A. fall B. reality
C. practice D. deed
33. Here’s my card, Let’s keep in ___.
A. touch B. relation
C. connection D. friendship
34. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible, just have a little ___.
A. wait B. time
C. patience D. rest
35. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him or her to leave a ___.
A. message B. letter
C. sentence D. notice
36. We walked all the ___ to the museum.
A. trip B. road
C. way D. journey
37. Scientists are watching for the earliest ___ of harmful ___ on the world’s weather.
A. signs; effects B. marks; affect
C. tracks; affections D. instance; effections
38. These young people are now making an active ___ to save the old temple.
A. part B. effort
C. decision D. plan
39. Don’t push to the front; you have to wait your ___.
A. chance B. duty
C. line D. turn
40. You need more ___ to keep fit.
A. practice B. train
C. exercises D.exercise
名詞部分答案: 1-5 DADBB 6-10 BCBAD 11-15 ADACC 16-20 CDCBA 21-25 CCBDA 26-30 DAAAD 31-35 BCACA 35-40 CABDD
1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞
一般情況 加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps
濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches
以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby---babies
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
1） child——children foot——feet tooth——teeth
mouse——mice man——men woman——women
注意：由一個(gè)詞加 man 或 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans.
2） 單復(fù)同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a dollar， two dollars； a meter， two meters.
3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle， the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。
4） 以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。
b. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。
c. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。
d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如：
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。
5） 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses （眼鏡） trousers， clothes等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair（對(duì)，雙）； suit（套）； a pair of glasses； two pairs of trousers等。
6） 另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚。
名詞的格
英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book.名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：
1） 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s"，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的書包，men's room 男廁所。
2） 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭。
3） 凡不能加"'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4） 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barber's 理發(fā)店。
5） 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有"；只有一個(gè)'s，則表示'共有'.例如：
John's and Mary's rooms（兩間） John and Mary's room（一間）
6） 復(fù)合名詞或短語，'s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例如：a month or two's absence
不可數(shù)名詞量的表示
1）物質(zhì)名詞
a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)為可數(shù)。
比較：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 （不可數(shù)）
These cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 （可數(shù)）
b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：
This factory produces steel.?。ú豢蓴?shù)）
We need various steels. （可數(shù)）
c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：
Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。
Two teas， please. 請(qǐng)來兩杯茶。
2） 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時(shí)也可數(shù)。例如：
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化
物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。
定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。
1） 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：
sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室
talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系
2） man， woman， gentleman等作定語時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3） 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時(shí)，s保留。例如：
goods train （貨車） arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)
customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷
4） 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：
two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan. 一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃
不同國籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)
國籍 總稱（謂語用復(fù)數(shù)） 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
中國人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亞人 the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄國人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希臘人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法國人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美國人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德國人 the Germans a Germans two Germans
英國人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
下面是有關(guān)英語名詞的練習(xí)
名詞
1. This is ___ reading-room.
A. the teacher’s B. teacher’s
C. teacher’s D. the teachers’
2. Nothing was found but ___ broken.
A. the room window B. the room’s window
C. the room of the window D. the window of room
3. How many___ would you like?
A. paper B. bread
C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread
4. He was praised for his ___.
A. brave B. bravery
C. bravely D. great brave
5. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town.
A. clothes B. dress
C. clothing D. trousers
6. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.
A. woman B. women
C. woman’s D. women’s
7. Some___ are even thinner than your little finger.
A. bamboo B. bamboos
C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos
8. He was born in this town and now he lives in ___.
A. Building second B. Building Two
C. the Building Two D. Building the Second
9. Old as he is, he has ___to do every day.
A. a lot of work B. much works
C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks
10. Jack’s room is furnished with ___.
A. new furnitures B. many new furnitures
C. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture
11. Have you read ___newspaper yet?
A. today’s B. Today’s
C. the today’s D. your today’s
12. It’s not far, only ___walk from here to our school.
A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes
C. a ten minutes’ D. ten minutes’
13. Last month, he wrote me ___letter.
A. a 1000-word B. 1000 words
C. a 1000-words D. 1000 words’
14. He had a ___sleep yesterday.
A. a good night B. a good-night
C. a good night’s D. good-night’s
15. ___is not a long way to drive.
A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distance
C. Three miles’ distance D. A three-mile-distance
16. His isn’t fit for the work. Please get me ___.
A. something else B. somebody else
C. someone else’s D. somebody’s else
17. Do you know how large ___ is?
A. population of China B. Chinese population
C. China population D. China’s population
18. ___ is too much for the boy to carry.
A. The box weight B. The box’s weight
C. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight
19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest ___ shop?
A. shoes B. shoe
C. shoes’ D. shoe’s
20. What ___ weather we’re having these days!
A. nice B. a nice
C. a bad D. worse
21. They say that the meeting will be ___.
A. of very important B. great importance
C. of great importance D. great important
22. I’m going to call at ___ this evening.
A. Mr Black B. the Blacks
C. Mr Black’s D. Blacks’
23. What Darwin said was an attack on people’s religious ___.
A. belief B. beliefs
C. beliefs D. believs
24. There are some ___waiting for you outside.
A. German B. American
C. grown-up D. Japanese
25. Their factory has developed a kind of ___ to help people walk.
A. machine B. machines
C. a machine D. the machine
26. There’re many ___ in my brother’s album.
A. leafs B. toys
C. books D. stamps
27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of ___.
A. tomatoes B. potatos
C. vegetable D. meats
28. Upon hearing what I said, his ___ rose.
A. anger B. angry
C. angrily D. angriness
29. Excuse me, can you change this ___ for me?
A. five-pound note B. five pounds note
C. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes
30. You have to make ___ for your journey
A. preparing B. preparation
C. a preparation D. preparations
31. While washing up, she broke a ___.
A. glass wine B. wine glass
C. glass of wine D. wine of glass
32. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.
A. fall B. reality
C. practice D. deed
33. Here’s my card, Let’s keep in ___.
A. touch B. relation
C. connection D. friendship
34. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible, just have a little ___.
A. wait B. time
C. patience D. rest
35. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him or her to leave a ___.
A. message B. letter
C. sentence D. notice
36. We walked all the ___ to the museum.
A. trip B. road
C. way D. journey
37. Scientists are watching for the earliest ___ of harmful ___ on the world’s weather.
A. signs; effects B. marks; affect
C. tracks; affections D. instance; effections
38. These young people are now making an active ___ to save the old temple.
A. part B. effort
C. decision D. plan
39. Don’t push to the front; you have to wait your ___.
A. chance B. duty
C. line D. turn
40. You need more ___ to keep fit.
A. practice B. train
C. exercises D.exercise
名詞部分答案: 1-5 DADBB 6-10 BCBAD 11-15 ADACC 16-20 CDCBA 21-25 CCBDA 26-30 DAAAD 31-35 BCACA 35-40 CABDD