The fact that we are not sure what 'intelligence' is, nor what is passed on, does not prevent us from finding it a very useful working concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which 'measure' it.
In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual's ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.
This became of particular importance when, as a result of the 1944 Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law, and grammar schools, with the exception of a small number of independent foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since the number of grammar schools in the countrycould accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academic
examinations and tests were felt, quite rightly, to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased Homes. Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholastically-acquired knowledge. The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think, reason, judge, analyse and syntiesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which arewithin his range of competence and understanding.
New words and expressions 生詞短語
intelligence 智力 intelligent cute intellectual a.智力的 n.知識(shí)分子
pass on 衡量
(1)He passes on(=pass away=die)委婉語
(2)衡量 judge:to pass on 如:to pass on one's intelligence
(3)pass for 被認(rèn)為 不能用被動(dòng),只能用主動(dòng)
(4)pass 過了 pass grade
reliance 信賴,依靠
(1)rely=depend He relies on his parents.(parasite:寄生蟲)(drag:負(fù)擔(dān))
(2)reliant reliable 值得信賴的 self-reliant 自力更生(=self-dependent)
working 起作用的
pill:藥丸 dose:劑 Dose is working. efficient:指人效率很高,做事麻利 effective 有效果的
The pill does.
a wide variety 各種各樣
a wide variety of goods . various variant：變化的 variantion 變化 very colored/formed
mult- multifunctional multinational multilateral talks bilateral：雙邊會(huì)談
as a result of 由于…結(jié)果
As a result of his good performance, he got pay rise. Pay cut 減薪
consequence in result 后面一定不能出現(xiàn) of
He performed well; in result he got a pay rise.in consequence
act 法案
pass bill motion pay bills act：第 1 幕 ，第 1 場(chǎng) Today we got an act of got.
He always put on an act.擺譜
foundation 基金 Peking Normal University 北京師范大學(xué) missionary
available 可用的
Is water available? 有水喝嗎？ Are you available?
Are you available for a chat?Is your bicycle available?
avail I avail myself of this opportunity to apply for this vacancy.
avail myself of 利用…的機(jī)會(huì)
make use of ；take advantage of
accommodate 容納
The hall can accommodate 600 people. accommodate oneself to 適應(yīng)
accommodating accommodation：住所 boarding and lodging
at most 多 at least
counteract 抵消
counteractclockwise 逆時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn) counterintelligence 反情報(bào) counterrevolution neutralize
act against
specialization 專門化
specialize speciality majorI specialize in chemistry.specialization 專業(yè)化
synthesize 綜合 sympathy syndrome 并發(fā)癥 synchronize 同步分
verbal 文字的oral 口頭 verbal expression ;oral expression
competence 能力
competent incompetent 沒有能力的 performance 實(shí)際的行為
Notes on the text 課文注釋
British education system 第 1 段只有一句話 主語-the fact 謂語-does not prevent us 同位語
從句 nor：否定連接 passed on：衡量 useful ,working 兩個(gè)詞相近 placing 和 finding 并列
place….on….放置…..在上面=put reliance 依賴
引號(hào)里表示抽象的東西
superior inferior
even though we are not sure ….is，nor what is passed on….,and placing…文中更為高級(jí)
even though he stole,I find him a kind hearted man.
The fact that he stole,does not prevent me from finding him a kind hearted man.
tests 第 1 段形成文章的主題。
sample：樣品，受試者 subjects puzzle 拼字游戲
of various kinds- various kinds of puzzles and problems
ability toability in 后面跟名詞ability to：不定式
photograph He has ability to take a photos.ability in photography
have taken 主句是將來時(shí) 一般都用 if we take第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞：take 第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞：allow
如果一個(gè)寫作者要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的先后順序，就可以用完成時(shí)替代
if I master English,I will go abroad. I have master……
predict：預(yù)測(cè)he will reach—后置定語occupation：職業(yè)representative
make full use of his ability 人盡其才potential
it will allow us ：我們就會(huì)，我們能夠it—test 客觀性
we can—主體在“我”，主觀性強(qiáng)
科普性文章一般用 passiveWe can obtain the results. The results are obtained.
became ofbecame：系動(dòng)詞 be of importance
secondary schooling 中學(xué)教育
謂語：became availableexcept
主題一定是圍繞“intelligence”開始
secondary schooling ：12-18 歲higher education：19-23 歲
elementaryhigh school：junior high school, senior high school
nine year compulsory educationhigh taxall free
compulsory courses ：必修課optional/selective courses
grammar schools：文法學(xué)校technical schools：技校
since:由于 accommodate:容納 approximately:about
test eleven-plus:11 歲以上selection:選拔制度
Narrowly:狹隘的academic—只側(cè)重書面考試
quite rightly:有理由認(rèn)為 heavily weighted
highly-academic 高度學(xué)術(shù)性的學(xué)校test oriented 應(yīng)試教育
academically biased Homesbiased:偏 側(cè)重于
scholal:學(xué)者 ，學(xué)術(shù)scholastically biased Homes :書香門第
My mom is biased toward my sister.
were felt to be :被人們感覺到
The weather is felt to be uncomfortable.強(qiáng)調(diào)感受
intelligence testsdevised :被設(shè)計(jì) specialization:專業(yè)化
intelligence tests 側(cè)重 universal ability應(yīng)試的方向問題
assess:評(píng)估的意思 general ability:綜合能力 random:隨意
progressive:遞進(jìn) gravity 重力
think:思想-----reason:推理-----judge:判斷-----analyse:分析-----synthesize:綜合
更側(cè)重于 practical
連綴，兩個(gè)以上如果做名詞修飾，可以置后連綴詞可以做后置定語
complementary:互補(bǔ)question:質(zhì)問
西方教育強(qiáng)調(diào) free talk第 1 段做為重點(diǎn)
ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds
have takenit will allow us
This became of particular importance 系表結(jié)構(gòu)+of 結(jié)構(gòu)
grammar schoolbecame available toeleven-plus
were felt…...to be heavily weighted in favour of ……
highly-academic academically biased
scholastically-acquired think,reason,judge,analyse,synthesize
In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual's ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.
This became of particular importance when, as a result of the 1944 Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law, and grammar schools, with the exception of a small number of independent foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since the number of grammar schools in the countrycould accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academic
examinations and tests were felt, quite rightly, to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased Homes. Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholastically-acquired knowledge. The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think, reason, judge, analyse and syntiesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which arewithin his range of competence and understanding.
New words and expressions 生詞短語
intelligence 智力 intelligent cute intellectual a.智力的 n.知識(shí)分子
pass on 衡量
(1)He passes on(=pass away=die)委婉語
(2)衡量 judge:to pass on 如:to pass on one's intelligence
(3)pass for 被認(rèn)為 不能用被動(dòng),只能用主動(dòng)
(4)pass 過了 pass grade
reliance 信賴,依靠
(1)rely=depend He relies on his parents.(parasite:寄生蟲)(drag:負(fù)擔(dān))
(2)reliant reliable 值得信賴的 self-reliant 自力更生(=self-dependent)
working 起作用的
pill:藥丸 dose:劑 Dose is working. efficient:指人效率很高,做事麻利 effective 有效果的
The pill does.
a wide variety 各種各樣
a wide variety of goods . various variant：變化的 variantion 變化 very colored/formed
mult- multifunctional multinational multilateral talks bilateral：雙邊會(huì)談
as a result of 由于…結(jié)果
As a result of his good performance, he got pay rise. Pay cut 減薪
consequence in result 后面一定不能出現(xiàn) of
He performed well; in result he got a pay rise.in consequence
act 法案
pass bill motion pay bills act：第 1 幕 ，第 1 場(chǎng) Today we got an act of got.
He always put on an act.擺譜
foundation 基金 Peking Normal University 北京師范大學(xué) missionary
available 可用的
Is water available? 有水喝嗎？ Are you available?
Are you available for a chat?Is your bicycle available?
avail I avail myself of this opportunity to apply for this vacancy.
avail myself of 利用…的機(jī)會(huì)
make use of ；take advantage of
accommodate 容納
The hall can accommodate 600 people. accommodate oneself to 適應(yīng)
accommodating accommodation：住所 boarding and lodging
at most 多 at least
counteract 抵消
counteractclockwise 逆時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn) counterintelligence 反情報(bào) counterrevolution neutralize
act against
specialization 專門化
specialize speciality majorI specialize in chemistry.specialization 專業(yè)化
synthesize 綜合 sympathy syndrome 并發(fā)癥 synchronize 同步分
verbal 文字的oral 口頭 verbal expression ;oral expression
competence 能力
competent incompetent 沒有能力的 performance 實(shí)際的行為
Notes on the text 課文注釋
British education system 第 1 段只有一句話 主語-the fact 謂語-does not prevent us 同位語
從句 nor：否定連接 passed on：衡量 useful ,working 兩個(gè)詞相近 placing 和 finding 并列
place….on….放置…..在上面=put reliance 依賴
引號(hào)里表示抽象的東西
superior inferior
even though we are not sure ….is，nor what is passed on….,and placing…文中更為高級(jí)
even though he stole,I find him a kind hearted man.
The fact that he stole,does not prevent me from finding him a kind hearted man.
tests 第 1 段形成文章的主題。
sample：樣品，受試者 subjects puzzle 拼字游戲
of various kinds- various kinds of puzzles and problems
ability toability in 后面跟名詞ability to：不定式
photograph He has ability to take a photos.ability in photography
have taken 主句是將來時(shí) 一般都用 if we take第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞：take 第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞：allow
如果一個(gè)寫作者要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的先后順序，就可以用完成時(shí)替代
if I master English,I will go abroad. I have master……
predict：預(yù)測(cè)he will reach—后置定語occupation：職業(yè)representative
make full use of his ability 人盡其才potential
it will allow us ：我們就會(huì)，我們能夠it—test 客觀性
we can—主體在“我”，主觀性強(qiáng)
科普性文章一般用 passiveWe can obtain the results. The results are obtained.
became ofbecame：系動(dòng)詞 be of importance
secondary schooling 中學(xué)教育
謂語：became availableexcept
主題一定是圍繞“intelligence”開始
secondary schooling ：12-18 歲higher education：19-23 歲
elementaryhigh school：junior high school, senior high school
nine year compulsory educationhigh taxall free
compulsory courses ：必修課optional/selective courses
grammar schools：文法學(xué)校technical schools：技校
since:由于 accommodate:容納 approximately:about
test eleven-plus:11 歲以上selection:選拔制度
Narrowly:狹隘的academic—只側(cè)重書面考試
quite rightly:有理由認(rèn)為 heavily weighted
highly-academic 高度學(xué)術(shù)性的學(xué)校test oriented 應(yīng)試教育
academically biased Homesbiased:偏 側(cè)重于
scholal:學(xué)者 ，學(xué)術(shù)scholastically biased Homes :書香門第
My mom is biased toward my sister.
were felt to be :被人們感覺到
The weather is felt to be uncomfortable.強(qiáng)調(diào)感受
intelligence testsdevised :被設(shè)計(jì) specialization:專業(yè)化
intelligence tests 側(cè)重 universal ability應(yīng)試的方向問題
assess:評(píng)估的意思 general ability:綜合能力 random:隨意
progressive:遞進(jìn) gravity 重力
think:思想-----reason:推理-----judge:判斷-----analyse:分析-----synthesize:綜合
更側(cè)重于 practical
連綴，兩個(gè)以上如果做名詞修飾，可以置后連綴詞可以做后置定語
complementary:互補(bǔ)question:質(zhì)問
西方教育強(qiáng)調(diào) free talk第 1 段做為重點(diǎn)
ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds
have takenit will allow us
This became of particular importance 系表結(jié)構(gòu)+of 結(jié)構(gòu)
grammar schoolbecame available toeleven-plus
were felt…...to be heavily weighted in favour of ……
highly-academic academically biased
scholastically-acquired think,reason,judge,analyse,synthesize