英語小常識(shí)：英語中短語結(jié)構(gòu)很多，通常短語的含義大致等同于其組成成分基本詞義的組合，但是有些英語短語結(jié)構(gòu)的含義與我們從字面含義的理解不一樣， 因?yàn)檫@些短語常?？赡軒в心承┨囟ǖ奈幕?。
high school ≠高等學(xué)校 (high school (美國)中學(xué)(英國的中學(xué)叫 secondary school)
black tea 紅茶
strong [weak] tea 濃[淡]茶]
a white Christmas 有雪的圣誕節(jié)
a white day 吉日
a white night 不眠的一夜
whole milk 全脂乳
service station≠服務(wù)站
service station (給汽車加油及進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單維修的地方)
Rest room ≠休息室
在美國英語中，rest room是浴室、廁所的委婉說法
漢語中的“休息室”應(yīng)譯為英語中的sitting room 或 lobby。
副詞(adv.)
副詞是修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或其他副詞的一類詞。如：
He is very strong. (修飾形容詞)
I love you very much. (修飾動(dòng)詞)
He has finished the work completely well.(修飾副詞)
注意：very作為副詞使用時(shí)修飾形容詞(e.g. very strong)和副詞(very much)， 另外，very還可以用作形容詞： e.g. The car exploded before my very eyes.(very作為形容詞時(shí)是起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用，可以翻譯成“就是那個(gè)，正是那個(gè)，甚至”)
Much 通常修飾動(dòng)詞：e.g. Things haven’t changed much; 修飾過去分詞： e.g. He is much loved by his family. 修飾形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)：e.g. The exam is much easier than expected. 修飾形容詞/副詞的級(jí)：e.g. The film is much the best thing he has played in.
有一些特別的副詞在考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率也是較高的：pretty(作副詞是“相當(dāng)”), dead(作副詞是“完全地”), still(還作形容詞“靜止的，平靜的”)
在英語文章中作為基本詞匯的副詞出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，如下文：
Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well *(文章難度B，C級(jí))
How(疑問副詞) does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so(程度副詞) well(描述性副詞)? When (連詞)we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often(頻度副詞)find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often(頻度副詞)succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully (程度副詞)developed mental powers, in most case, may end up (副詞)with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly(程度副詞)in the child himself, partly(程度副詞) in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most (程度副詞)favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more (程度副詞)important, always (頻度副詞)in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：
比較級(jí)：more important/ more frequently
級(jí)：most favorable/ most economically
同級(jí)比較：as..as../the same..as.. /not so...as
e.g. This apple is as big as that one.
e.g. They work as hard as ever.
e.g. I study at the same school as she (does).
e.g. The idea is not so silly(愚蠢的) as it sounds.
比較級(jí)：more..(than)..
e.g. He always thinks that he is more important than we (are).
e.g. This kind of accident happens more frequently than that kind (does).
提示：than是起比較作用的連詞，其后面的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)代詞的時(shí)候要注意根據(jù)比較對(duì)象來確定是主格還是賓格，以及所省略的助動(dòng)詞的形式。
比較：
e.g. I know you better than he. 我比他更了解你。
e.g. I know you better than him. 同他相比較， 我更了解你。
級(jí)：
e.g. a most carefully prepared report
e.g. a most important city
high school ≠高等學(xué)校 (high school (美國)中學(xué)(英國的中學(xué)叫 secondary school)
black tea 紅茶
strong [weak] tea 濃[淡]茶]
a white Christmas 有雪的圣誕節(jié)
a white day 吉日
a white night 不眠的一夜
whole milk 全脂乳
service station≠服務(wù)站
service station (給汽車加油及進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單維修的地方)
Rest room ≠休息室
在美國英語中，rest room是浴室、廁所的委婉說法
漢語中的“休息室”應(yīng)譯為英語中的sitting room 或 lobby。
副詞(adv.)
副詞是修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或其他副詞的一類詞。如：
He is very strong. (修飾形容詞)
I love you very much. (修飾動(dòng)詞)
He has finished the work completely well.(修飾副詞)
注意：very作為副詞使用時(shí)修飾形容詞(e.g. very strong)和副詞(very much)， 另外，very還可以用作形容詞： e.g. The car exploded before my very eyes.(very作為形容詞時(shí)是起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用，可以翻譯成“就是那個(gè)，正是那個(gè)，甚至”)
Much 通常修飾動(dòng)詞：e.g. Things haven’t changed much; 修飾過去分詞： e.g. He is much loved by his family. 修飾形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)：e.g. The exam is much easier than expected. 修飾形容詞/副詞的級(jí)：e.g. The film is much the best thing he has played in.
有一些特別的副詞在考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率也是較高的：pretty(作副詞是“相當(dāng)”), dead(作副詞是“完全地”), still(還作形容詞“靜止的，平靜的”)
在英語文章中作為基本詞匯的副詞出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，如下文：
Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well *(文章難度B，C級(jí))
How(疑問副詞) does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so(程度副詞) well(描述性副詞)? When (連詞)we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often(頻度副詞)find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often(頻度副詞)succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully (程度副詞)developed mental powers, in most case, may end up (副詞)with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly(程度副詞)in the child himself, partly(程度副詞) in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most (程度副詞)favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more (程度副詞)important, always (頻度副詞)in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：
比較級(jí)：more important/ more frequently
級(jí)：most favorable/ most economically
同級(jí)比較：as..as../the same..as.. /not so...as
e.g. This apple is as big as that one.
e.g. They work as hard as ever.
e.g. I study at the same school as she (does).
e.g. The idea is not so silly(愚蠢的) as it sounds.
比較級(jí)：more..(than)..
e.g. He always thinks that he is more important than we (are).
e.g. This kind of accident happens more frequently than that kind (does).
提示：than是起比較作用的連詞，其后面的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)代詞的時(shí)候要注意根據(jù)比較對(duì)象來確定是主格還是賓格，以及所省略的助動(dòng)詞的形式。
比較：
e.g. I know you better than he. 我比他更了解你。
e.g. I know you better than him. 同他相比較， 我更了解你。
級(jí)：
e.g. a most carefully prepared report
e.g. a most important city