Self-leadership is the essence1 of initiative； it's putting yourself in charge of 2 your work without constant intervention3 and monitoring4 by your manager. It's making decisions yourself instead of waiting for your manager to make decisions for you.
Leadership knows no boundaries， and leaders can be found anywhere in a company， regardless of an employee's place on the organizational chart5. In a recent study entitled Liberating Leadership Report， published by the United Kingdom's Industrial Society， more than 80 percent of those identified by employees as having genuine leadership ability are not in positions of formal authority. Another study showed that， on average6， the formal leaders of an organization contribute no more than 20 percent to the success of most organizations； followers are critical to the remaining 80 percent.
While managers use policies， procedures， milestones7， and the like to push their associates8 to achieve the goals of the organization， leaders inspire their associates to achieve the goals of the organization through their actions and their examples. All it takes to be a leader is a vision9 of the way things should be， the passion to convince others to join you， and the initiative to get the ball rolling10.
To put it more concretely， the following qualities are the ones that are often exhibited by effective leaders：
Has a strong， internal drive to achieve and succeed. John Kotter ， a researcher， says that " it takes a sustained11effort for years……to accomplish the kinds of changes associated with leadership. It is difficult to imagine people with less than a high level of internal drive handling the problems and challenges over such a long period of time."
Is mentally and emotionally stable12. Mental and emotional stability allows you to view the world as it is without creating complex personal problems. Leaders must possess a strong emotional balance to overcome the myriad13 of problems in the daily work environment.
Cares about others. Successful leaders value other people and care about their well-being14. Caring about others is a core ingredient15 for leaders if people are to follow their direction.
Is trustworthy. Trust is vital. People trust you when you don't play games16 with them， when you put everything on the table and speak honestly to them.
Is willing to empower17 people. Competent leaders empower others to make decisions on their own and give them freedom to accomplish tasks without looking over their shoulders18. Afterward， discerning19 leaders give credit to their employees for 20 a job well done.
Has vision for the direction of the organization. In order to move a department or organization forward， leaders must have vision. They must have an image of the future and how they are going to get there.
Is decisive. Being able to make decisions quickly and accurately21 is a quality of effective leaders. Have you even known a successful leader who is not a good decision maker？
Has proven communication skills. Successful leaders must have proven communication skills in order to communicate the goals and direction of the department and organization to employees.
自我領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是主動性的第一要義。這就是你對自己的工作全盤負(fù)責(zé)而無需上級主管經(jīng)常介入和監(jiān)控；這就是你自己做出決定，而不是等待你的上司為你做出決定。
領(lǐng)袖才能沒有界限。公司每一部門每一級都有具備領(lǐng)袖才能的人，不管其在公司的組織機(jī)構(gòu)中占有何種位置。英國產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)會新近出版的一份題為《放開領(lǐng)導(dǎo)》的研究報告表明，80％被雇員確認(rèn)有真正領(lǐng)袖才能的人并無任何正式職權(quán)。另一項研究表明，平均而言，大多數(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的成功只有兩成可歸功于各級主管；而其余八成則應(yīng)歸功于一般員工。
管理者是運(yùn)用政策、程序、公司歷的重大事件等等，來推動員工去達(dá)到公司的指標(biāo)，而則通過自身的行動和榜樣來激發(fā)同事們達(dá)到公司制定的目標(biāo)。所謂領(lǐng)袖人物需要的是一種前瞻的想像力，一種能帶動同事們和你一起干的激情，以及一種能使某項工作運(yùn)作起來的主動性。
具體而言，富有成效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)通常具備以下品質(zhì)：
有一種強(qiáng)烈的要作出成績的內(nèi)在動力。研究人員約翰·科特說，"成就領(lǐng)袖所具備的各種素質(zhì)需要數(shù)年堅持不懈的努力。很難想象一個沒有非凡的內(nèi)在動力的人能夠在如此長的時間里應(yīng)付種種問題和挑戰(zhàn)。"
心理和情感穩(wěn)定。心理和情感穩(wěn)定能夠讓你客觀地看世界，而不摻雜任何復(fù)雜的個人問題。必須具備出眾的情感平衡能力，以戰(zhàn)勝日常工作環(huán)境中紛亂繁多的障礙。
關(guān)心他人。成功的尊重他人，關(guān)心他人的福祉。要想讓眾人服從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，關(guān)心他人是領(lǐng)袖人物必須具備的品質(zhì)。
值得信賴。信任是至關(guān)重要的。如果你不糊弄人，而且把事情擺到桌面上開誠布公地與人探討，人家就會信任你。
愿意授權(quán)予他人。稱職的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人授權(quán)給下屬，讓他們自己做出決定，放手讓他們獨立自由地完成其任務(wù)，而不多加干預(yù)。事后，精明的會表揚(yáng)工作出色的員工。
有對機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展前景的遠(yuǎn)見。要想推動一個部門、一個公司或一個企業(yè)向前發(fā)展，必須要有遠(yuǎn)見。他們必須對公司的前景和如何實現(xiàn)此一前景成竹在胸。
決擇果斷。能夠迅速準(zhǔn)確地做出決定是有效的一個品質(zhì)。你可曾見過一位優(yōu)柔寡斷的成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人？
有嫻熟的交際能力。成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須有經(jīng)過實踐證明的交際能力，能夠把部門或公司的目標(biāo)和發(fā)展方向傳達(dá)給員工。
注釋：
1.essence n.本質(zhì)，實質(zhì)，要素
2.in charge of管理，照管，負(fù)責(zé)
3.intervention n.介入，干預(yù)
4.monitor vi.監(jiān)控
5.organization chart組織系統(tǒng)圖
6.on average按平均值，通常
7.milestone n.里程碑，重大事件，轉(zhuǎn)折點
8.associate n.同事，伙伴
9.vision n.目光，看法
10.get the ball rolling開始某種活動，使其不中斷
11.sustained adj.持續(xù)的，持久的
12.stable adj.穩(wěn)定的，平穩(wěn)的
13.myriad n.andadj.各種各樣（的）
14.well-being n.康樂，安康
15.ingredient n.（構(gòu)成）要素
16.play games鬧著玩，不認(rèn)真對待
17.empower vt.授權(quán)給
18.look over one's shoulder小心提防
19.discerning adj.精明的
20.give sb. credit for為…而稱贊某人
21.accurately adv.準(zhǔn)確地
Leadership knows no boundaries， and leaders can be found anywhere in a company， regardless of an employee's place on the organizational chart5. In a recent study entitled Liberating Leadership Report， published by the United Kingdom's Industrial Society， more than 80 percent of those identified by employees as having genuine leadership ability are not in positions of formal authority. Another study showed that， on average6， the formal leaders of an organization contribute no more than 20 percent to the success of most organizations； followers are critical to the remaining 80 percent.
While managers use policies， procedures， milestones7， and the like to push their associates8 to achieve the goals of the organization， leaders inspire their associates to achieve the goals of the organization through their actions and their examples. All it takes to be a leader is a vision9 of the way things should be， the passion to convince others to join you， and the initiative to get the ball rolling10.
To put it more concretely， the following qualities are the ones that are often exhibited by effective leaders：
Has a strong， internal drive to achieve and succeed. John Kotter ， a researcher， says that " it takes a sustained11effort for years……to accomplish the kinds of changes associated with leadership. It is difficult to imagine people with less than a high level of internal drive handling the problems and challenges over such a long period of time."
Is mentally and emotionally stable12. Mental and emotional stability allows you to view the world as it is without creating complex personal problems. Leaders must possess a strong emotional balance to overcome the myriad13 of problems in the daily work environment.
Cares about others. Successful leaders value other people and care about their well-being14. Caring about others is a core ingredient15 for leaders if people are to follow their direction.
Is trustworthy. Trust is vital. People trust you when you don't play games16 with them， when you put everything on the table and speak honestly to them.
Is willing to empower17 people. Competent leaders empower others to make decisions on their own and give them freedom to accomplish tasks without looking over their shoulders18. Afterward， discerning19 leaders give credit to their employees for 20 a job well done.
Has vision for the direction of the organization. In order to move a department or organization forward， leaders must have vision. They must have an image of the future and how they are going to get there.
Is decisive. Being able to make decisions quickly and accurately21 is a quality of effective leaders. Have you even known a successful leader who is not a good decision maker？
Has proven communication skills. Successful leaders must have proven communication skills in order to communicate the goals and direction of the department and organization to employees.
自我領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是主動性的第一要義。這就是你對自己的工作全盤負(fù)責(zé)而無需上級主管經(jīng)常介入和監(jiān)控；這就是你自己做出決定，而不是等待你的上司為你做出決定。
領(lǐng)袖才能沒有界限。公司每一部門每一級都有具備領(lǐng)袖才能的人，不管其在公司的組織機(jī)構(gòu)中占有何種位置。英國產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)會新近出版的一份題為《放開領(lǐng)導(dǎo)》的研究報告表明，80％被雇員確認(rèn)有真正領(lǐng)袖才能的人并無任何正式職權(quán)。另一項研究表明，平均而言，大多數(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的成功只有兩成可歸功于各級主管；而其余八成則應(yīng)歸功于一般員工。
管理者是運(yùn)用政策、程序、公司歷的重大事件等等，來推動員工去達(dá)到公司的指標(biāo)，而則通過自身的行動和榜樣來激發(fā)同事們達(dá)到公司制定的目標(biāo)。所謂領(lǐng)袖人物需要的是一種前瞻的想像力，一種能帶動同事們和你一起干的激情，以及一種能使某項工作運(yùn)作起來的主動性。
具體而言，富有成效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)通常具備以下品質(zhì)：
有一種強(qiáng)烈的要作出成績的內(nèi)在動力。研究人員約翰·科特說，"成就領(lǐng)袖所具備的各種素質(zhì)需要數(shù)年堅持不懈的努力。很難想象一個沒有非凡的內(nèi)在動力的人能夠在如此長的時間里應(yīng)付種種問題和挑戰(zhàn)。"
心理和情感穩(wěn)定。心理和情感穩(wěn)定能夠讓你客觀地看世界，而不摻雜任何復(fù)雜的個人問題。必須具備出眾的情感平衡能力，以戰(zhàn)勝日常工作環(huán)境中紛亂繁多的障礙。
關(guān)心他人。成功的尊重他人，關(guān)心他人的福祉。要想讓眾人服從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，關(guān)心他人是領(lǐng)袖人物必須具備的品質(zhì)。
值得信賴。信任是至關(guān)重要的。如果你不糊弄人，而且把事情擺到桌面上開誠布公地與人探討，人家就會信任你。
愿意授權(quán)予他人。稱職的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人授權(quán)給下屬，讓他們自己做出決定，放手讓他們獨立自由地完成其任務(wù)，而不多加干預(yù)。事后，精明的會表揚(yáng)工作出色的員工。
有對機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展前景的遠(yuǎn)見。要想推動一個部門、一個公司或一個企業(yè)向前發(fā)展，必須要有遠(yuǎn)見。他們必須對公司的前景和如何實現(xiàn)此一前景成竹在胸。
決擇果斷。能夠迅速準(zhǔn)確地做出決定是有效的一個品質(zhì)。你可曾見過一位優(yōu)柔寡斷的成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人？
有嫻熟的交際能力。成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須有經(jīng)過實踐證明的交際能力，能夠把部門或公司的目標(biāo)和發(fā)展方向傳達(dá)給員工。
注釋：
1.essence n.本質(zhì)，實質(zhì)，要素
2.in charge of管理，照管，負(fù)責(zé)
3.intervention n.介入，干預(yù)
4.monitor vi.監(jiān)控
5.organization chart組織系統(tǒng)圖
6.on average按平均值，通常
7.milestone n.里程碑，重大事件，轉(zhuǎn)折點
8.associate n.同事，伙伴
9.vision n.目光，看法
10.get the ball rolling開始某種活動，使其不中斷
11.sustained adj.持續(xù)的，持久的
12.stable adj.穩(wěn)定的，平穩(wěn)的
13.myriad n.andadj.各種各樣（的）
14.well-being n.康樂，安康
15.ingredient n.（構(gòu)成）要素
16.play games鬧著玩，不認(rèn)真對待
17.empower vt.授權(quán)給
18.look over one's shoulder小心提防
19.discerning adj.精明的
20.give sb. credit for為…而稱贊某人
21.accurately adv.準(zhǔn)確地