職稱英語語法:第二講2

字號:

8、量詞的使用:
    由于英語中名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù),量詞的使用也有區(qū)別:
    修飾可數(shù)名詞
    (a) few / fewer / fewest
    many / more / most
    a great (good) many
    many a
    a number of
    the number of
    既可修飾可數(shù)名詞 也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞
    a lot of / lots of
    plenty of (time, money, people)
    修飾不可數(shù)名詞
    (a) little / less / least
    much / more / most
    a great (good) deal of
    an amount of / amounts of
    the amount of
    量詞使用中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題:
    1) 分清可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞是前提;
    2) 不要把量詞的形式搞混淆了:下面哪個表達(dá)形式是對的?
    A. A lot students have come back from the summer holiday.
    B. A few of the students have come back from the summer holiday.
    C. A great many of students have come back from the summer holiday.
    D. Many a student has have come back from the summer holiday.
    E. The number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
    F. A number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
    以上六個表達(dá)方式中只有F 是對的。為什么?
    A. a lot students → a lot of students
    B. a few of the students → a few students
    C. a great many of students → a great many students
    D. Many a student has come back from the summer holiday.
    E. The number of 表示數(shù)目,如:The number of the students in our class is 50.
    A number of 表示"一些","不少",認(rèn)真對比一下,看出問題來了嗎?
    問多少錢、多少重量時用:How much…?問距離時用:How far is it from…to…?
    9、單位詞的使用
    (1) 不可數(shù)名詞表示多少,一般用much, (a) little, a lot of, enough 等詞表達(dá),要數(shù)1,2,3,4…時要用"量詞"表達(dá),最常用的是a piece of (news, advice, furniture, information…)。
    (2) 成雙成對的名詞一般用復(fù)數(shù),如:a pair of trousers (褲子) / scissors(剪刀) / glasses (spectacles)(眼鏡) / pliers(鉗子)
    (3) a couple of表示一對,或2-3…,如:a couple of days / people / things
    (4) 記住以下量詞表達(dá)方式:
    a loaf (two loafs) of bread (一個(兩個)面包)
    a burst of laughter(一陣笑聲)
    a fit of anger / chill(一陣發(fā)怒 / 發(fā)冷)
    a game of chess (一盤棋)
    a lump of sugar (一塊方糖)
    10、其他應(yīng)注意的數(shù)的表達(dá)形式
    1)a three-year-old boy 比較The boy is three years old
    2) five thousand people / several thousand people比較 thousands of people
    表達(dá)具體數(shù)字時,thousand不加 "s",后面不加 "of "; ten, million, billion情況以此類推。
    3) One-third of the students have passed College English Test Band IV.
    Two-thirds of the students have passed College English Test Band IV.
    One-third of the population in this area is living below the poverty line.
    (這個地區(qū)有1/3人口生活在貧困線以下。)
    注意:幾分之幾的表達(dá)形式;動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由后面的名詞數(shù)決定。
    4) a looker-on 比較two lookers-on(旁觀者) / a brother-in-law比較two brothers-in-law(姻親兄弟)
    5) my father, together with (along with / with / as well as my mother and brothers) 結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語作單數(shù)處理,即my father
    11、不定代詞的數(shù)
    英語中要對 "2 "這個數(shù)特別敏感:
    1) 兩個中一個、另一個: one , the other; 三個或三個以上中另一個:another / any one
    2) 兩個都:both; 兩個都不:neither; 兩個中任一個:either
    3) 三個或三個以上都:all; 都不:none
    4) 不知總數(shù):一些:some ;另一些:others(有余數(shù))
    5) 知道總數(shù):一些:some ; 另一些 (沒有余數(shù)了):the others
    注意以下表達(dá)方式:each other / one another / one after another / one by one / the other day (過去的某一天)/ some day (今后的某一天) / every other day (隔天)/ on alternative days(隔天)/ someone else (別人) / something (anything, nothing) else (別的事)
    實(shí)例:
    I'm sorry, I'm a stranger, too. You may ask ______ across the street.
    A. another one
    B. others
    C. the other one
    D. someone else
    解題思路:雖然A、B、C沒有語法錯誤,但D是習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式