(九)構詞法
1.概念及種類:
英語單詞的構成有一定的規(guī)律,這些規(guī)律叫構詞法。主要有四種:合成、轉化、派生和縮略。常見的是前三種。見下圖。
種類 構成方法 例詞
合成 由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成為一個詞 Classroom,newspaper,blackboard
Schoolmate,newly-born,hard-working
轉化 由一詞類轉化為另一詞類 taste,answer,back,hand,empty
派生 在詞根上加前綴或后綴 care,careful,carefully
careless carelessness carelessly
2.高中階段主要構詞方法歸納:派生法和合成法
(1)派生法
①常用前綴
表“否定” un- unfair unable unlikely
in- impossible incapable
dis- discover disagree dislike dishonest
表“重復” re- rewrite retell repeat reconsider
②常用后綴
類型 加法 后綴意義 例詞
名
詞
后
綴 -er/or
-tion
-ese
-ist
-ing
-ment
-ness
-ian “動作的執(zhí)行者”
變成了名詞
“…地方的人”
“人”
名詞化
名詞化
變?yōu)槊~
變?yōu)椤啊娜恕?teacher visitor inventor
organization congratulation invention
Chinese Japanese
pianist scientist violinist
living greeting wedding
movement treatment
happiness illness sickness carelessness
Australian
動
詞
后
綴 -ify
-ice
-ise
-en 使…變… beautify
realise organise
sacrifice
lengthen strengthen
形
容
詞
后
綴 -able
-ful
-y
-ive
-al
-an 可…的,能…的
充滿…的
帶有…的
有…特征的
屬于…的
…的 suitable comfortable movable
beautiful careful useful
sunny,windy,cloudy,snowy,sleepy,salty
active,instructive
musical medical physical
American European Australian
-ly 副詞后綴 carefully really certainly
數
詞
后
綴 -teen 表“十三至十九” fourteen fifteen nineteen
-ty 表“二十、三十…七十” forty sixty eighty
-th 表“第幾” fourth sixtieth ninth
(2)合成法:
police+man=policeman play+ground=playground
birth+day=birthday after+noon=afternoon
hand+bag=handbag every+where=everywhere
bed+room=bedroom no+where=nowhere
hand+writing=handwriting any+where=anywhere
grand+parent=grandparent how+ever=however
what+ever=whatever
1.概念及種類:
英語單詞的構成有一定的規(guī)律,這些規(guī)律叫構詞法。主要有四種:合成、轉化、派生和縮略。常見的是前三種。見下圖。
種類 構成方法 例詞
合成 由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成為一個詞 Classroom,newspaper,blackboard
Schoolmate,newly-born,hard-working
轉化 由一詞類轉化為另一詞類 taste,answer,back,hand,empty
派生 在詞根上加前綴或后綴 care,careful,carefully
careless carelessness carelessly
2.高中階段主要構詞方法歸納:派生法和合成法
(1)派生法
①常用前綴
表“否定” un- unfair unable unlikely
in- impossible incapable
dis- discover disagree dislike dishonest
表“重復” re- rewrite retell repeat reconsider
②常用后綴
類型 加法 后綴意義 例詞
名
詞
后
綴 -er/or
-tion
-ese
-ist
-ing
-ment
-ness
-ian “動作的執(zhí)行者”
變成了名詞
“…地方的人”
“人”
名詞化
名詞化
變?yōu)槊~
變?yōu)椤啊娜恕?teacher visitor inventor
organization congratulation invention
Chinese Japanese
pianist scientist violinist
living greeting wedding
movement treatment
happiness illness sickness carelessness
Australian
動
詞
后
綴 -ify
-ice
-ise
-en 使…變… beautify
realise organise
sacrifice
lengthen strengthen
形
容
詞
后
綴 -able
-ful
-y
-ive
-al
-an 可…的,能…的
充滿…的
帶有…的
有…特征的
屬于…的
…的 suitable comfortable movable
beautiful careful useful
sunny,windy,cloudy,snowy,sleepy,salty
active,instructive
musical medical physical
American European Australian
-ly 副詞后綴 carefully really certainly
數
詞
后
綴 -teen 表“十三至十九” fourteen fifteen nineteen
-ty 表“二十、三十…七十” forty sixty eighty
-th 表“第幾” fourth sixtieth ninth
(2)合成法:
police+man=policeman play+ground=playground
birth+day=birthday after+noon=afternoon
hand+bag=handbag every+where=everywhere
bed+room=bedroom no+where=nowhere
hand+writing=handwriting any+where=anywhere
grand+parent=grandparent how+ever=however
what+ever=whatever

