(三)代詞
1．代詞分類(lèi)表：英語(yǔ)中代詞有九類(lèi)，用來(lái)指代名詞或上、下文中的詞，詞組或句子。
序
號(hào) 數(shù)
人
種 稱(chēng)
類(lèi) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
一 二 三 一 二 三
1 人稱(chēng)
代詞 主格 I you he she it we you they
賓格 me you him her it us you them
2 物主
代詞 形容
詞性 my your his her its our your their
名詞性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
3 反身代詞 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
4 指示代詞 this that these those
5 不定代詞 指代人 somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone
事物 something, anything, nothing, everything
指代人或物事 one, another, each, every, much, either, neither, little, a little ones, others, the others, both,few, a few, many, several
some, any, no, all, other, the other, none, a lot(of), such
6 相互代詞 each other, one another, each other’s,one another’s
7 疑問(wèn)代詞 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)
8 連接代詞 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)
9 關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2．人稱(chēng)代詞用法表：
序號(hào) 作用 用法說(shuō)明 例 句
1 作主語(yǔ) 用主格 Does he enjoy listening to music?
2 作表語(yǔ) 指主語(yǔ)用主格 Was it she who saw the white cat?
指賓語(yǔ)用賓格 I believe the writer to be him.
3 作賓語(yǔ) 用賓格 These books belong to them.
注意：
（1）代詞并列時(shí)，排列順序?yàn)椤岸?，一”人稱(chēng)，如：“you,he and I”；“him and me”。
（2）人稱(chēng)代詞常在名詞后，但“you”在名詞前，如：“you, Tom and I”。
（3）其他種類(lèi)代詞在“人稱(chēng)代詞”后，如：“he and some others”。
（4）口語(yǔ)中，賓格作表語(yǔ)，如：“It’s me.”。
3．物主代詞：
分 類(lèi) 句法功能 例 句
形容詞性物主代詞 作定語(yǔ) This is my pen.
名詞性物主代詞 作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) This bike is hers.
注意：名詞性物主代詞可用于雙重所有格中：
She is a friend of mine.
4.反身代詞：
序號(hào) 在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?例 句
1 賓語(yǔ) 位于動(dòng)詞后 She could dress herself when she was six.
位于介詞后 Take care of yourselves.
“賓語(yǔ)+and”后 She invited Mike and myself to the party.
2 表 語(yǔ) He doesn’t seem himself today.
3 同
位
語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself.
賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) You can ask the president himself.
4 并
列
主
語(yǔ) and之后 (Both)Mary and myself will go.
or之后 (Either)Mary or yourself will go.
nor之后 (Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it.
注意：
（1）反身代詞不單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。
（2）oneself也是一個(gè)反身代詞，用法與上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone
5.指示代詞：“this,that,these,those”,可作名詞用也可作形容詞用。見(jiàn)下表：
在句中的成分 例 句
1 作
名
詞
用 作主語(yǔ) This is Smith.
2 作賓語(yǔ) I like this.
3 作表語(yǔ) His idea is this.
4 作形容詞用 作定語(yǔ) This way,please.
6．不定代詞：
序
號(hào) 分
類(lèi) 功
能 用法 不定代詞 例詞或例句 說(shuō)明
1 作
形
容
詞 定語(yǔ) 接可數(shù)單數(shù) every“每個(gè)的”，只作定語(yǔ) every body 指三者或三者以上的“每個(gè)的”。
接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) other other boys
接三類(lèi)名詞 no no people no=not a/any
2 作
名
詞 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 代單數(shù)（人） someone,somebody
anyone,anybody
everyone,everybody
no one,nobody Someone is waiting for Jack.
Is everyone here?
Is there anybody out? someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建議等的疑問(wèn)句中；
anyone,anybody用于否定條件句或疑問(wèn)句中。
代單數(shù)（物） something,anything
nothing,everything Something is wrong with my bike. something用于肯定句或表建議等的句子里；anything用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。
代復(fù)數(shù)
（人/物） others，the others She likes to help others.
Where are the others? the others其余的人/物。
none None of us is afraid. 指三者或三者以上當(dāng)中“沒(méi)一個(gè)”。
3 既可作名詞又可作形容詞 主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 不可數(shù) little,a little,much There’s little time left. little“幾乎沒(méi)有”，表否定。
可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) few,a few,many,several, both Both my sisters are good. few“幾乎沒(méi)有”表否定；both只用于兩者“兩者都”。
可數(shù)單數(shù) one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”)
another,either,neither Each student has a pencil. either二者之中任一個(gè)；neither二者之中沒(méi)一個(gè)。
接/代三類(lèi)名詞 all,some,any,such,the other He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher. some用于肯定句或表建議的句中；any用于否定、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中。
可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù) lots of, a lot of, a lot He has lots of/a lot of friends.
He has a lot to say.
注意：
（1）both(二者都)和all(三者或以上都)可以作同位語(yǔ)，位于助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。
The boys are all in the classroom.
Both(of)my brothers like sports.
（2）every other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)：指“每隔一…”。
They go to play basketball every other day.
（3）no/any/every/some與one/body構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞指人，不用于of前。
（4）all/both/every及其復(fù)合詞與否定詞連用時(shí)，表部分否定。相應(yīng)的全否定為none/neither/no one/nobody/nothing等。
Not all of us are teachers=All of us are not teachers.
None of us are students.
（5）“another+數(shù)詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“再來(lái)（數(shù)詞）…”。
Another two coffees,please.
（6）the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示“其余的/所有剩下的…”。
The other boys are playing on the playground.
the other后不接任何詞時(shí)，指“二者中的另一個(gè)?！?BR> I have two skirts. One is red. The other is blue and white stripes.
7．疑問(wèn)代詞：用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。
在句中成分 例句
主語(yǔ) Who did it?
賓語(yǔ) What are you doing?
定語(yǔ) Whose bike is it?
補(bǔ)語(yǔ) What do you call it in Japanese?
表語(yǔ) Whose is this book?
1．代詞分類(lèi)表：英語(yǔ)中代詞有九類(lèi)，用來(lái)指代名詞或上、下文中的詞，詞組或句子。
序
號(hào) 數(shù)
人
種 稱(chēng)
類(lèi) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
一 二 三 一 二 三
1 人稱(chēng)
代詞 主格 I you he she it we you they
賓格 me you him her it us you them
2 物主
代詞 形容
詞性 my your his her its our your their
名詞性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
3 反身代詞 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
4 指示代詞 this that these those
5 不定代詞 指代人 somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone
事物 something, anything, nothing, everything
指代人或物事 one, another, each, every, much, either, neither, little, a little ones, others, the others, both,few, a few, many, several
some, any, no, all, other, the other, none, a lot(of), such
6 相互代詞 each other, one another, each other’s,one another’s
7 疑問(wèn)代詞 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)
8 連接代詞 who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)
9 關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2．人稱(chēng)代詞用法表：
序號(hào) 作用 用法說(shuō)明 例 句
1 作主語(yǔ) 用主格 Does he enjoy listening to music?
2 作表語(yǔ) 指主語(yǔ)用主格 Was it she who saw the white cat?
指賓語(yǔ)用賓格 I believe the writer to be him.
3 作賓語(yǔ) 用賓格 These books belong to them.
注意：
（1）代詞并列時(shí)，排列順序?yàn)椤岸?，一”人稱(chēng)，如：“you,he and I”；“him and me”。
（2）人稱(chēng)代詞常在名詞后，但“you”在名詞前，如：“you, Tom and I”。
（3）其他種類(lèi)代詞在“人稱(chēng)代詞”后，如：“he and some others”。
（4）口語(yǔ)中，賓格作表語(yǔ)，如：“It’s me.”。
3．物主代詞：
分 類(lèi) 句法功能 例 句
形容詞性物主代詞 作定語(yǔ) This is my pen.
名詞性物主代詞 作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) This bike is hers.
注意：名詞性物主代詞可用于雙重所有格中：
She is a friend of mine.
4.反身代詞：
序號(hào) 在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?例 句
1 賓語(yǔ) 位于動(dòng)詞后 She could dress herself when she was six.
位于介詞后 Take care of yourselves.
“賓語(yǔ)+and”后 She invited Mike and myself to the party.
2 表 語(yǔ) He doesn’t seem himself today.
3 同
位
語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself.
賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) You can ask the president himself.
4 并
列
主
語(yǔ) and之后 (Both)Mary and myself will go.
or之后 (Either)Mary or yourself will go.
nor之后 (Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it.
注意：
（1）反身代詞不單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。
（2）oneself也是一個(gè)反身代詞，用法與上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone
5.指示代詞：“this,that,these,those”,可作名詞用也可作形容詞用。見(jiàn)下表：
在句中的成分 例 句
1 作
名
詞
用 作主語(yǔ) This is Smith.
2 作賓語(yǔ) I like this.
3 作表語(yǔ) His idea is this.
4 作形容詞用 作定語(yǔ) This way,please.
6．不定代詞：
序
號(hào) 分
類(lèi) 功
能 用法 不定代詞 例詞或例句 說(shuō)明
1 作
形
容
詞 定語(yǔ) 接可數(shù)單數(shù) every“每個(gè)的”，只作定語(yǔ) every body 指三者或三者以上的“每個(gè)的”。
接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) other other boys
接三類(lèi)名詞 no no people no=not a/any
2 作
名
詞 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 代單數(shù)（人） someone,somebody
anyone,anybody
everyone,everybody
no one,nobody Someone is waiting for Jack.
Is everyone here?
Is there anybody out? someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建議等的疑問(wèn)句中；
anyone,anybody用于否定條件句或疑問(wèn)句中。
代單數(shù)（物） something,anything
nothing,everything Something is wrong with my bike. something用于肯定句或表建議等的句子里；anything用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。
代復(fù)數(shù)
（人/物） others，the others She likes to help others.
Where are the others? the others其余的人/物。
none None of us is afraid. 指三者或三者以上當(dāng)中“沒(méi)一個(gè)”。
3 既可作名詞又可作形容詞 主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 不可數(shù) little,a little,much There’s little time left. little“幾乎沒(méi)有”，表否定。
可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) few,a few,many,several, both Both my sisters are good. few“幾乎沒(méi)有”表否定；both只用于兩者“兩者都”。
可數(shù)單數(shù) one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”)
another,either,neither Each student has a pencil. either二者之中任一個(gè)；neither二者之中沒(méi)一個(gè)。
接/代三類(lèi)名詞 all,some,any,such,the other He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher. some用于肯定句或表建議的句中；any用于否定、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中。
可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù) lots of, a lot of, a lot He has lots of/a lot of friends.
He has a lot to say.
注意：
（1）both(二者都)和all(三者或以上都)可以作同位語(yǔ)，位于助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。
The boys are all in the classroom.
Both(of)my brothers like sports.
（2）every other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)：指“每隔一…”。
They go to play basketball every other day.
（3）no/any/every/some與one/body構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞指人，不用于of前。
（4）all/both/every及其復(fù)合詞與否定詞連用時(shí)，表部分否定。相應(yīng)的全否定為none/neither/no one/nobody/nothing等。
Not all of us are teachers=All of us are not teachers.
None of us are students.
（5）“another+數(shù)詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“再來(lái)（數(shù)詞）…”。
Another two coffees,please.
（6）the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示“其余的/所有剩下的…”。
The other boys are playing on the playground.
the other后不接任何詞時(shí)，指“二者中的另一個(gè)?！?BR> I have two skirts. One is red. The other is blue and white stripes.
7．疑問(wèn)代詞：用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。
在句中成分 例句
主語(yǔ) Who did it?
賓語(yǔ) What are you doing?
定語(yǔ) Whose bike is it?
補(bǔ)語(yǔ) What do you call it in Japanese?
表語(yǔ) Whose is this book?