第十四篇
Think as a Hacker Does
At the brand-new Hacker Academy in Chicago, US, students learn about phishing schemes1, firewall breaches, and advanced tricks for breaking into confidential documents and revealing passwords2.
But it's not nearly as illegal as it sounds. The academy doesn't teach people to be l __, but to "think like hackers" - and hopefully to stay one step ahead of 2
The students are 3 computer security professionals. They attend a course that teaches them the tools and techniques that hackers could use to get 4 systems they're trying to protect. They 5 a certificate in "ethical hacking3'' if they graduate.
The academy is one of the growing number of organizations that teach IT4 security experts to think like their enemies and to find holes in their systems __ 6 the hackers do. "If you can think like a hacker, you're able to 7 some of the attacks that are happening," said Aaron Cohen, the academy's founder.
Those attacks can range from indiscriminate viruses to corporate spying and efforts to gain sensitive data 8 banks, credit card companies, or individuals.
Computer Economics, a US IT research firm, estimates the 9 caused by viruses and other attacks in 2006 to be somewhere around US$14 billion.
"While the massive viruses seem to be __ 10 in number, there are more targeted
attacks," said Mark McManus of Computer Economics.
With ransom attacks, for instance, hackers will break into a company's network, and threaten to destroy it or give information to a competitor 11 they're not paid.
Given all the threats, many companies are sending IT professionals to courses like those Cohen offers. So the "ethical hacker" certification, offered by the New York-based International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants (the EC-Council), __ 12 about.
The EC-Council says it has trained about 20,000 people in 60 countries over the past three years, with 8,000 of them passing a __ 13 and earning the "ethical hacker" certification.
Cohen's list of interested people includes an FBI5 agent, NASA6 employees, independent consultants, and company IT security directors. Some want the five-day on-site certification course. Others want a quick overview, like the US$ 695 "midnight hacking" course, given online and late at 14
Cohen doesn't 15 much about students using their courses for evil purposes."Hackers don't need our help," says Cohen.
詞匯：
hacker n.黑客
phishing n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺詐
breach n.突破
confidential adj. 機(jī)密的
ethical adj.合乎道德的
indiscriminate adj. 不加區(qū)分的
ransom v. & n. 欺詐
注釋：
1. learn about phishing schemes 學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺詐
2. breaking into confidential documents and revealing passwords 闖入秘密文件，打開密碼
3. ethical hacker合乎道德規(guī)范的黑客
4. IT 信息技術(shù)
5. FBI 美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局
6. NASA 美國國家航空航天局
練習(xí)：
1. A) professors B) hackers C) scientists D) technicians
2. A) her B) him C) us D) them
3. A) actually B) hardly C) scarcely D) rarely
4. A) over B) onto C) for D) into
5. A) give B) award C) get D) take
6. A) before B) after C) when D) while
7. A) protect B) defend C) safeguard D) prevent
8. A) at B) in C) from D) on
9. A) money B) damage C) cash D) interest
10. A) rising B) soaring C) reducing D) flying
11. A) if B) unless C) since D) because
12. A) went B) came C) appeared D) happened
13. A) exam B) check C) test D) investigation
14. A) noon B) dusk C) dawn D) night
15. A) think B) worry C) doubt D) consider
答案與題解：
1. B professor: 教授； hacker黑客； scientist: 科學(xué)家； technician: 技術(shù)員。本文的主題是黑客。該提問的是：黑客學(xué)員較大家像黑客那樣思想而不教他們什么？回答應(yīng)該是不教他們成為黑客。因此正確的答案應(yīng)該是hacker。
2. D her: 她； him:他； us:我們； them:他們?？崭裰袘?yīng)該填入一個代詞。這個代詞是什么？它應(yīng)該照應(yīng)離它最近的指稱名詞。由于離它最近的指稱名詞是hackers, 所以要用 them。
3. A actually事實上； hardly：幾乎不；scarcely:幾乎不；rarely:幾乎不。這四個詞填入后，所生成的句子在句法和語義上都是正確的，不過，意思是“幾乎不”的三個英文詞填入后，句子的連貫性稍差一點，因此它們不可能是合適的選擇。
4. D over:上面；onto: 到上面； for: 為……into: 進(jìn)入。 get over是“克服”的意思，但用在這里意思不通。get onto和get for都沒有這樣的搭配。get into 是“進(jìn)入”的意思。
5. C give:給；award:授予； get得到；take:取。該題問的是：如果他們畢業(yè)的話，它們會得到什么？回答應(yīng)該是：得到合乎道德規(guī)范的秘密使用或改變他人計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的信息的證書。get 是真缺德。如用 give或award 的話，應(yīng)該用它們的被動式。
6. A before:在……前； after:在……后； when:在……時；while:在……中。句子相關(guān)部分問的是：在什么時候要發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己的系統(tǒng)的漏洞？在黑客發(fā)現(xiàn)以前發(fā)現(xiàn)比較好。因此用before。
7. D protect:保護(hù)；defend保衛(wèi)；safeguard:保衛(wèi)；prevent:防止。用前三個詞意思上講不同。只有用prevent 上下文才是通順的。
8. C over:上； above上； from:從； on:上。 gain...from 是搭配。相關(guān)句子部分的意思是：從銀行、信用卡公司或個人獲得敏感的數(shù)據(jù)。
9. B money:錢；damage:破壞；cash:現(xiàn)金；interest:利息。東西是“cause money", "cause cash"在語義上都是講不通的。caused跟 damage 搭配, 句子相關(guān)部分說的是：2006年由病毒和其它的攻擊所造成的破壞估計在140億美元左右。
10. C rising:上升；soaring:升；reducing:減少；flying:飛。上面這道題的題解中講到，破壞由病毒和其它方式的攻擊造成的。現(xiàn)在討論的是比較病毒和其它攻擊方式的情況。由于下文用了more, 上文應(yīng)該用意義上相反的詞，惟有reducing 意義上是相反的。
11. A if如果；unless:除非； since:因為；because: 因為。這應(yīng)該是含有條件子句的句子。這只有兩種可能：用if，或unless。如果用 unless, 意思講不通,因此必須用if。
12. B go: 去；come: 來；appear: 出現(xiàn)； happen:發(fā)生。come about是“發(fā)生”的意思，是固定的詞語，因此選 came。
13. C exam:考試； check檢查；test:測試；investigation: 調(diào)查。該題講的是有8000人通過了考試。這里有兩個詞是“考試”的意思：exam；test。但是不定冠詞a要求用test。
14. D noon:中午； dusk: 黃昏；dawn:黎明； night: 夜里。句子中有這樣一個短語：midnight hacking course秘密武器使用或改變他人計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息的夜半。因此答案肯定是night。
15. B think:想；worry: 擔(dān)心；doubt懷疑；consider:考慮。這個句子的部分意義我們已經(jīng)知道，即學(xué)生也可以用班上獲得的知識干壞事。問題問的是：Cohen怎么樣？應(yīng)該是不怕。因此 worry 是對的。
Think as a Hacker Does
At the brand-new Hacker Academy in Chicago, US, students learn about phishing schemes1, firewall breaches, and advanced tricks for breaking into confidential documents and revealing passwords2.
But it's not nearly as illegal as it sounds. The academy doesn't teach people to be l __, but to "think like hackers" - and hopefully to stay one step ahead of 2
The students are 3 computer security professionals. They attend a course that teaches them the tools and techniques that hackers could use to get 4 systems they're trying to protect. They 5 a certificate in "ethical hacking3'' if they graduate.
The academy is one of the growing number of organizations that teach IT4 security experts to think like their enemies and to find holes in their systems __ 6 the hackers do. "If you can think like a hacker, you're able to 7 some of the attacks that are happening," said Aaron Cohen, the academy's founder.
Those attacks can range from indiscriminate viruses to corporate spying and efforts to gain sensitive data 8 banks, credit card companies, or individuals.
Computer Economics, a US IT research firm, estimates the 9 caused by viruses and other attacks in 2006 to be somewhere around US$14 billion.
"While the massive viruses seem to be __ 10 in number, there are more targeted
attacks," said Mark McManus of Computer Economics.
With ransom attacks, for instance, hackers will break into a company's network, and threaten to destroy it or give information to a competitor 11 they're not paid.
Given all the threats, many companies are sending IT professionals to courses like those Cohen offers. So the "ethical hacker" certification, offered by the New York-based International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants (the EC-Council), __ 12 about.
The EC-Council says it has trained about 20,000 people in 60 countries over the past three years, with 8,000 of them passing a __ 13 and earning the "ethical hacker" certification.
Cohen's list of interested people includes an FBI5 agent, NASA6 employees, independent consultants, and company IT security directors. Some want the five-day on-site certification course. Others want a quick overview, like the US$ 695 "midnight hacking" course, given online and late at 14
Cohen doesn't 15 much about students using their courses for evil purposes."Hackers don't need our help," says Cohen.
詞匯：
hacker n.黑客
phishing n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺詐
breach n.突破
confidential adj. 機(jī)密的
ethical adj.合乎道德的
indiscriminate adj. 不加區(qū)分的
ransom v. & n. 欺詐
注釋：
1. learn about phishing schemes 學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺詐
2. breaking into confidential documents and revealing passwords 闖入秘密文件，打開密碼
3. ethical hacker合乎道德規(guī)范的黑客
4. IT 信息技術(shù)
5. FBI 美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局
6. NASA 美國國家航空航天局
練習(xí)：
1. A) professors B) hackers C) scientists D) technicians
2. A) her B) him C) us D) them
3. A) actually B) hardly C) scarcely D) rarely
4. A) over B) onto C) for D) into
5. A) give B) award C) get D) take
6. A) before B) after C) when D) while
7. A) protect B) defend C) safeguard D) prevent
8. A) at B) in C) from D) on
9. A) money B) damage C) cash D) interest
10. A) rising B) soaring C) reducing D) flying
11. A) if B) unless C) since D) because
12. A) went B) came C) appeared D) happened
13. A) exam B) check C) test D) investigation
14. A) noon B) dusk C) dawn D) night
15. A) think B) worry C) doubt D) consider
答案與題解：
1. B professor: 教授； hacker黑客； scientist: 科學(xué)家； technician: 技術(shù)員。本文的主題是黑客。該提問的是：黑客學(xué)員較大家像黑客那樣思想而不教他們什么？回答應(yīng)該是不教他們成為黑客。因此正確的答案應(yīng)該是hacker。
2. D her: 她； him:他； us:我們； them:他們?？崭裰袘?yīng)該填入一個代詞。這個代詞是什么？它應(yīng)該照應(yīng)離它最近的指稱名詞。由于離它最近的指稱名詞是hackers, 所以要用 them。
3. A actually事實上； hardly：幾乎不；scarcely:幾乎不；rarely:幾乎不。這四個詞填入后，所生成的句子在句法和語義上都是正確的，不過，意思是“幾乎不”的三個英文詞填入后，句子的連貫性稍差一點，因此它們不可能是合適的選擇。
4. D over:上面；onto: 到上面； for: 為……into: 進(jìn)入。 get over是“克服”的意思，但用在這里意思不通。get onto和get for都沒有這樣的搭配。get into 是“進(jìn)入”的意思。
5. C give:給；award:授予； get得到；take:取。該題問的是：如果他們畢業(yè)的話，它們會得到什么？回答應(yīng)該是：得到合乎道德規(guī)范的秘密使用或改變他人計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的信息的證書。get 是真缺德。如用 give或award 的話，應(yīng)該用它們的被動式。
6. A before:在……前； after:在……后； when:在……時；while:在……中。句子相關(guān)部分問的是：在什么時候要發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己的系統(tǒng)的漏洞？在黑客發(fā)現(xiàn)以前發(fā)現(xiàn)比較好。因此用before。
7. D protect:保護(hù)；defend保衛(wèi)；safeguard:保衛(wèi)；prevent:防止。用前三個詞意思上講不同。只有用prevent 上下文才是通順的。
8. C over:上； above上； from:從； on:上。 gain...from 是搭配。相關(guān)句子部分的意思是：從銀行、信用卡公司或個人獲得敏感的數(shù)據(jù)。
9. B money:錢；damage:破壞；cash:現(xiàn)金；interest:利息。東西是“cause money", "cause cash"在語義上都是講不通的。caused跟 damage 搭配, 句子相關(guān)部分說的是：2006年由病毒和其它的攻擊所造成的破壞估計在140億美元左右。
10. C rising:上升；soaring:升；reducing:減少；flying:飛。上面這道題的題解中講到，破壞由病毒和其它方式的攻擊造成的。現(xiàn)在討論的是比較病毒和其它攻擊方式的情況。由于下文用了more, 上文應(yīng)該用意義上相反的詞，惟有reducing 意義上是相反的。
11. A if如果；unless:除非； since:因為；because: 因為。這應(yīng)該是含有條件子句的句子。這只有兩種可能：用if，或unless。如果用 unless, 意思講不通,因此必須用if。
12. B go: 去；come: 來；appear: 出現(xiàn)； happen:發(fā)生。come about是“發(fā)生”的意思，是固定的詞語，因此選 came。
13. C exam:考試； check檢查；test:測試；investigation: 調(diào)查。該題講的是有8000人通過了考試。這里有兩個詞是“考試”的意思：exam；test。但是不定冠詞a要求用test。
14. D noon:中午； dusk: 黃昏；dawn:黎明； night: 夜里。句子中有這樣一個短語：midnight hacking course秘密武器使用或改變他人計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息的夜半。因此答案肯定是night。
15. B think:想；worry: 擔(dān)心；doubt懷疑；consider:考慮。這個句子的部分意義我們已經(jīng)知道，即學(xué)生也可以用班上獲得的知識干壞事。問題問的是：Cohen怎么樣？應(yīng)該是不怕。因此 worry 是對的。