Text 3
It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that there imitations can be considered as speech.
56. By “... challenges explanation” (Line 2, Para. l) the author means that _______.
A. no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
B. no explanation has been made up to now
C. it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
D. it’s high time that an explanation was provided
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】D
57. The third paragraph is mainly about _______.
A. the development of babies’ early forms of language
B. the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
C. babies’ strong desire to communicate
D. babies’ intention to communicate
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】A
58. The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ____.
A. usually obey without asking questions
B. are passive in the process of learning to speak
C. are born cooperative
D. learn to speak by listening
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】C
59. From the passage we learn that _______.
A. early starters can learn to speak within only six months
B. children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
C. imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
D. children have various difficulties in learning to speak
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】B
60. The best title for this passage would be _______.
A. How Babies Learn to Speak
B. Early Forms of Language
C. A Huge Task for Children
D. Noise Making and Language Learning
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】C
Section III Reading Comprehension(37.5 points)
Part B
Directions:
For questions 61～65, match each part (I～V) to one of the statements (A～G) given below. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Some people often sacrifice their self-respect for the approval of others. They simply do not know how to say no—and they suffer because of it. But people can change. You can learn to state your feelings and expectations in ways that protect your integrity and engender respect.
PartⅠ
Example: “You’ve been getting to work late, but I know you’re not a morning person and it’s hard to get moving so early.” When you provide an excuse, the other person gets the message that what has been done is okay. This sets the stage for continued bad habits. Further, you are regarded as unwilling to follow through.
PartⅡ
Three hours after telling his son to clean up his room, a father says, “I’m sorry talked to you that way, son. You know I didn’t really mean it. I know you would have cleaned up your room on your own.” When an apology is made after the fact, it is usually the result of guilt or fear that has built up. To undo a forceful statement in this way causes a loss of respect.
Part Ⅲ
Examples: “The boss says that you should—” or “Your mother said—” These statements place you in the role of messenger without any real authority. You will be taken as a much stronger person if you make statements beginning with: “I what you to—”
Part Ⅳ
If you cannot be calm, your responses will probably be too aggressive. Besides, when you are angry, the other person is apt to become defensive. Then the real issue usually won’t get resolved. The key is not to allow yourself to be provoked by the other person’s overly emotional reactions to what you say. You calmness will often have a quieting effect on him.
Part Ⅴ
Maintain eye contact while you talk. Instead of continually restating your case, use silence for reinforcement. Make appropriate (but not aggressive) gestures to emphasize what you say.
Now match each part (Ⅰ～Ⅴ) to the appropriate statement.
Note: there are two extra statements.
A. Don’t shift responsibility for your actions to others.
B. Be polite.
C. Solve the problem as soon as it arises.
D. Make good use of nonverbal cues.
E. Don’t make an apology for making a reasonable demand.
F. Don’t give the other person a ready-made excuse.
G. Separate anger from determination.
61. PartⅠ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】F
62. PartⅡ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】E
63. Part Ⅲ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】A
64. PartⅣ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】G
65. PartⅤ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】D
It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that there imitations can be considered as speech.
56. By “... challenges explanation” (Line 2, Para. l) the author means that _______.
A. no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
B. no explanation has been made up to now
C. it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
D. it’s high time that an explanation was provided
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】D
57. The third paragraph is mainly about _______.
A. the development of babies’ early forms of language
B. the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
C. babies’ strong desire to communicate
D. babies’ intention to communicate
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】A
58. The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ____.
A. usually obey without asking questions
B. are passive in the process of learning to speak
C. are born cooperative
D. learn to speak by listening
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】C
59. From the passage we learn that _______.
A. early starters can learn to speak within only six months
B. children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
C. imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
D. children have various difficulties in learning to speak
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】B
60. The best title for this passage would be _______.
A. How Babies Learn to Speak
B. Early Forms of Language
C. A Huge Task for Children
D. Noise Making and Language Learning
（本題分值：1.5分）【正確答案】C
Section III Reading Comprehension(37.5 points)
Part B
Directions:
For questions 61～65, match each part (I～V) to one of the statements (A～G) given below. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Some people often sacrifice their self-respect for the approval of others. They simply do not know how to say no—and they suffer because of it. But people can change. You can learn to state your feelings and expectations in ways that protect your integrity and engender respect.
PartⅠ
Example: “You’ve been getting to work late, but I know you’re not a morning person and it’s hard to get moving so early.” When you provide an excuse, the other person gets the message that what has been done is okay. This sets the stage for continued bad habits. Further, you are regarded as unwilling to follow through.
PartⅡ
Three hours after telling his son to clean up his room, a father says, “I’m sorry talked to you that way, son. You know I didn’t really mean it. I know you would have cleaned up your room on your own.” When an apology is made after the fact, it is usually the result of guilt or fear that has built up. To undo a forceful statement in this way causes a loss of respect.
Part Ⅲ
Examples: “The boss says that you should—” or “Your mother said—” These statements place you in the role of messenger without any real authority. You will be taken as a much stronger person if you make statements beginning with: “I what you to—”
Part Ⅳ
If you cannot be calm, your responses will probably be too aggressive. Besides, when you are angry, the other person is apt to become defensive. Then the real issue usually won’t get resolved. The key is not to allow yourself to be provoked by the other person’s overly emotional reactions to what you say. You calmness will often have a quieting effect on him.
Part Ⅴ
Maintain eye contact while you talk. Instead of continually restating your case, use silence for reinforcement. Make appropriate (but not aggressive) gestures to emphasize what you say.
Now match each part (Ⅰ～Ⅴ) to the appropriate statement.
Note: there are two extra statements.
A. Don’t shift responsibility for your actions to others.
B. Be polite.
C. Solve the problem as soon as it arises.
D. Make good use of nonverbal cues.
E. Don’t make an apology for making a reasonable demand.
F. Don’t give the other person a ready-made excuse.
G. Separate anger from determination.
61. PartⅠ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】F
62. PartⅡ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】E
63. Part Ⅲ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】A
64. PartⅣ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】G
65. PartⅤ
（本題分值：3分）【正確答案】D