SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［10 min.］
In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Coloured ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT G
First read the following question.
31The purpose of the passage is to ____
A.show honesty is one of the most basic moral values.
B.show Americans have morals.
C.show Americans have different morals from those of other people.
D.show Americans need morals.
Now read the text quickly and answer question 31.
American Morality
Do Americans have any morals？That's a good question.Many people insist that ideas about right and wrong are merely personal opinions.Some voices，though，are calling Americans back to traditional moral values.William J.Bennett，former U.S.Secretary of Education，edited The Book of Virtues in 1993 to do just that.Bennett suggests that great moral stories can bulid character.The success of Bennett's book shows that many Americans still believe in moral values.But what are they？
To begin with，moral values in America are like those in any culture.In fact，many aspects of morality are universal.But the stories and traditions that teach them are unique to each culture.Not only that，but culture influences how people show these virtues.
One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty.The well-known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree teachess this value clearly.Little George cut down his father's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new hatchet.When his father asked him about it，George said，“I cannot tell a lie.I did it with my hatchet.” Instead of punishment，George received praise for telling the truth.Sometimes American honesty—being open and direct—can offend people.But Americans still believe that“honesty is the best policy.”
Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance.Remember Aesop's fable about the turtle and the rabbit that had a race？The rabbit thought he could win easily，so he took a nap.But the turtle finally won because he did not give up.Another story tells of a little train that had to climb a steep hill.The hill was so steep that the little train had a hard time trying to get over it.But the train just kept pulling， all the while saying，“I think I can，I think I can.”At last，the train was over the top of the hill.“I thought I could，I thought I could，”chugged the happy little train.
Compassion may be the queen of American virtues.They story of“The Good Samaritan”from the Bible describes a man who showed compassion.On his way to a certain city，a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road.The traveler had been beaten and robbed.The kind Samaritan，instead of just passing by，stopped to help this person in need.Compassion can even turn into a positive cycle.In fall 1992，people in lowa sent truckloads of water to help Floridians hit by a hurricane.The next summer，during the Midwest flooding，F(xiàn)lorida returned the favor.In less dramatic ways，millions of Americans are quietly passing along the kindnesses shown to them.
In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honored by Americans.Courage，responsibility，loyalty，gratitude and many others could be discussed.In fact，Bennett admits that he has only scratched the surfaces.But no matter how long or short the list，moral values are invaluable.They are the foundation of American culture—and any culture.
TEXT H
First read the following question.
32The general tone of the letter is____.
A.regretful B.grateful C.ironic D.revengeful
Now read the text quickly and answer question 32.
February 7，1755
My Lord，
I have been lately informed，by the proprietor of the World，that two papers，in which my Dictionary is recommended to the Public，were written by your Lordship.To be so distinguished，is an honour，which，being very little accustomed to favours from the great，I know not well how to receive，or in what terms to acknowledge.
When，upon some slight encouragement，I first visited your Lordship，I was overpowered，like the rest of mankind，by the enchantment of your address；and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre；—that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending；but I found my attendance so little encouraged，that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it.When I had addressed your Lordship in public，I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess.I had done all that I could；and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected，be it ever so little.
Seven years，my Lord，have now past，since I waited in your outward rooms，or was repulsed from your door；during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficultties，of which it is useless to complain，and have brought it，at last，to the verge of publication，without one ace of assistance，one world of encouragement，or one smile of favour，Such treatment I did not expect，for I never had a Patron before.
The shepherd in Virgirl grew at last acquainted with Love，and found him a native of the rocks.
Is not a Patron，my Lord，one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water，and，when he has reached ground，encumbers him with help？The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labours，had it been early，had been kind；but it has been delayed till I cannot enjoy it；till I am solitary，and cannot impart it；till I am known ，and do not want it.I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received，or to be unwilling that the Public should consider me as owing that to a Patron，which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.
Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any favourer of learning，I shall not be disappointed though I should conclude it，if less be possible，with less；for I have been long wakened from that dream of hope，in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation，my Lord.
Your Lordship's most humble，
most obedient servant，
Samuel Johnson
TEXT I
First read the following question.
33The index is most probably from a book on____.
A.sociology B.anthropology C.psychology D.economics
Now read the text quickly and answer question 33.
Satan，148
Schiller，F(xiàn)riedrich，97
Schlegel，F(xiàn)riedrich，49
Schopenhauer，Arthur，153，156
Self-control，127，128，129
Self-hatred，52，73，74，101
Semperm，Gottfried，61
Sigwart，149
Simmel，Georg，36
Smith，Adam，93，113
Socialism，71，86，107
Solidarity，78，106，114，115，116，135，136，152，155，162，163，166
Sombart，Werner，45，129，147，159，160，161，162，165，166
Sparta，81
Spencer，Herbert，59，89，94，133，138，142，143，155，156，165，166
Spinoza，Bosuch，40，48，86
〖〗Steinmetz，S.R，146，147
Stoics，99，103，158
Tertullian，48，149，152
Tolstoi，Leo，149
Tonnies，166
Tool，122，131，138，141，142，143，167
Totality，23，38，92，132，138，140，143
Troeltsch，Ernst，158，159，160，164
Uexkull，Jakob von，166，167
Ultramontanism，107
Utilitarianism，107，165
Vaihinger，Hans，157
Value，passim
Weber，Max，159，164
Wedekind，F(xiàn)rank，161
William 11，108
Worringer，Wilhelm，151TEXT J
Frist read the following question.
34.The author leads the readers to believe that
A. you should write everyday.
B. you should polish your language.
C. you should write down everything happening to you.
D. you should write but you'd better not destroy your diary.
Now read the text quickly and answer question 34.
In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Coloured ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT G
First read the following question.
31The purpose of the passage is to ____
A.show honesty is one of the most basic moral values.
B.show Americans have morals.
C.show Americans have different morals from those of other people.
D.show Americans need morals.
Now read the text quickly and answer question 31.
American Morality
Do Americans have any morals？That's a good question.Many people insist that ideas about right and wrong are merely personal opinions.Some voices，though，are calling Americans back to traditional moral values.William J.Bennett，former U.S.Secretary of Education，edited The Book of Virtues in 1993 to do just that.Bennett suggests that great moral stories can bulid character.The success of Bennett's book shows that many Americans still believe in moral values.But what are they？
To begin with，moral values in America are like those in any culture.In fact，many aspects of morality are universal.But the stories and traditions that teach them are unique to each culture.Not only that，but culture influences how people show these virtues.
One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty.The well-known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree teachess this value clearly.Little George cut down his father's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new hatchet.When his father asked him about it，George said，“I cannot tell a lie.I did it with my hatchet.” Instead of punishment，George received praise for telling the truth.Sometimes American honesty—being open and direct—can offend people.But Americans still believe that“honesty is the best policy.”
Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance.Remember Aesop's fable about the turtle and the rabbit that had a race？The rabbit thought he could win easily，so he took a nap.But the turtle finally won because he did not give up.Another story tells of a little train that had to climb a steep hill.The hill was so steep that the little train had a hard time trying to get over it.But the train just kept pulling， all the while saying，“I think I can，I think I can.”At last，the train was over the top of the hill.“I thought I could，I thought I could，”chugged the happy little train.
Compassion may be the queen of American virtues.They story of“The Good Samaritan”from the Bible describes a man who showed compassion.On his way to a certain city，a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road.The traveler had been beaten and robbed.The kind Samaritan，instead of just passing by，stopped to help this person in need.Compassion can even turn into a positive cycle.In fall 1992，people in lowa sent truckloads of water to help Floridians hit by a hurricane.The next summer，during the Midwest flooding，F(xiàn)lorida returned the favor.In less dramatic ways，millions of Americans are quietly passing along the kindnesses shown to them.
In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honored by Americans.Courage，responsibility，loyalty，gratitude and many others could be discussed.In fact，Bennett admits that he has only scratched the surfaces.But no matter how long or short the list，moral values are invaluable.They are the foundation of American culture—and any culture.
TEXT H
First read the following question.
32The general tone of the letter is____.
A.regretful B.grateful C.ironic D.revengeful
Now read the text quickly and answer question 32.
February 7，1755
My Lord，
I have been lately informed，by the proprietor of the World，that two papers，in which my Dictionary is recommended to the Public，were written by your Lordship.To be so distinguished，is an honour，which，being very little accustomed to favours from the great，I know not well how to receive，or in what terms to acknowledge.
When，upon some slight encouragement，I first visited your Lordship，I was overpowered，like the rest of mankind，by the enchantment of your address；and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre；—that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending；but I found my attendance so little encouraged，that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it.When I had addressed your Lordship in public，I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess.I had done all that I could；and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected，be it ever so little.
Seven years，my Lord，have now past，since I waited in your outward rooms，or was repulsed from your door；during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficultties，of which it is useless to complain，and have brought it，at last，to the verge of publication，without one ace of assistance，one world of encouragement，or one smile of favour，Such treatment I did not expect，for I never had a Patron before.
The shepherd in Virgirl grew at last acquainted with Love，and found him a native of the rocks.
Is not a Patron，my Lord，one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water，and，when he has reached ground，encumbers him with help？The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labours，had it been early，had been kind；but it has been delayed till I cannot enjoy it；till I am solitary，and cannot impart it；till I am known ，and do not want it.I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received，or to be unwilling that the Public should consider me as owing that to a Patron，which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.
Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any favourer of learning，I shall not be disappointed though I should conclude it，if less be possible，with less；for I have been long wakened from that dream of hope，in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation，my Lord.
Your Lordship's most humble，
most obedient servant，
Samuel Johnson
TEXT I
First read the following question.
33The index is most probably from a book on____.
A.sociology B.anthropology C.psychology D.economics
Now read the text quickly and answer question 33.
Satan，148
Schiller，F(xiàn)riedrich，97
Schlegel，F(xiàn)riedrich，49
Schopenhauer，Arthur，153，156
Self-control，127，128，129
Self-hatred，52，73，74，101
Semperm，Gottfried，61
Sigwart，149
Simmel，Georg，36
Smith，Adam，93，113
Socialism，71，86，107
Solidarity，78，106，114，115，116，135，136，152，155，162，163，166
Sombart，Werner，45，129，147，159，160，161，162，165，166
Sparta，81
Spencer，Herbert，59，89，94，133，138，142，143，155，156，165，166
Spinoza，Bosuch，40，48，86
〖〗Steinmetz，S.R，146，147
Stoics，99，103，158
Tertullian，48，149，152
Tolstoi，Leo，149
Tonnies，166
Tool，122，131，138，141，142，143，167
Totality，23，38，92，132，138，140，143
Troeltsch，Ernst，158，159，160，164
Uexkull，Jakob von，166，167
Ultramontanism，107
Utilitarianism，107，165
Vaihinger，Hans，157
Value，passim
Weber，Max，159，164
Wedekind，F(xiàn)rank，161
William 11，108
Worringer，Wilhelm，151TEXT J
Frist read the following question.
34.The author leads the readers to believe that
A. you should write everyday.
B. you should polish your language.
C. you should write down everything happening to you.
D. you should write but you'd better not destroy your diary.
Now read the text quickly and answer question 34.