SECTION BSKIMMING AND SCANNING［5 MIN.］
In this section there are five passages with a total of ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT E
First read the following question.
81. Which one can serve as the title of the passage?
A. Mountains, Rivers, and Seas.
B. The Rockies and the Deserts.
C. North America: A Grand Setting.
D. From Sea to Shining Sea.
Now skim the passage below and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
In its sweep and variety, North America——generally considered to include Canada, the United States, and Mexico——is a grand setting. It contains every known landform, from towering mountains to sandy beaches, which are swept by arctic, temperate, and tropical waters. There are ancient masses of granite and stretches of earth so new that they have not separated from the water. There are humid forests and sun baked deserts, an inland sea, a gulf, and a bay as large as most seas.
Among the most fascinating of the varied phenomena are: the forty odd peaks of the Rockies, which rise above 14,000 feet: the Mississippi——Missouri River, which at some 4,000 miles is the longest river system in the world; Mount Larsen,an active volcano of the Pacific borderlands; and Death Valley, where, at 280 feet below sea level, the temperature has been recorded at 134 degrees in the shade.
TEXT F
First read the following questions.
82. When does the trainer give an animal a piece of sugar or fruit?
A. When the animal is hungry.
B. When the animal is playing the trick.
C. After the animal has done some simple job.
D. When the animal can be seen on the television.
83. Why are pigeons used to examine the small steel balls?
A. Because they have beaks.
B. Because they like seeds.
C. Because they can make a noise.
D. Because they can see well.
84. When does the pigeon touch the plate with its beak?
A. When the light goes on.
B. When it sees a fault.
C. When it hears a noise.
D. When there is a warning.
Now skim the passage below and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings. They point out that at a circus, for example, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a lump of sugar or a piece of fruit as a reward. The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do same jobs if they know they will get a reward.
As we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and soldiers in both old and modern times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when an enemy comes near. In Russia, pigeons, which are birds with good eyesight, are being used to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are being made in one factory. When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from the others, it touches a steel plate with its beak. This turns on a light to warn the people in the factory. At the same time a few seeds are given to the pigeon as a reward.
Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars. Scientists believe monkeys may one day gather crops and even drive trains.