全國專業(yè)四級英語填空題??冀Y(jié)構(gòu)(2)

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    五、介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)許多同學在選擇which還是介詞+which上總是不太明白,這里有一個技巧可以告訴大家?!皐hich”后面一定加一個缺主語或者賓語的句子,因為“which”在這個句子中作了賓語或者主語成分。 “介詞+ which”后面則跟一個完整的句子,因為”介詞+which”整個結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中作狀語。
    例1:In the United States, a primary election is a method ___voters select the nominees for public office.     (A) that     (B)by which     (C)is that     (D)by those 分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺從句引導(dǎo)詞或連接詞,首先排除C和D?!  能夠引導(dǎo)從句,但是根據(jù)題意,修飾method是不通的?!  是介詞+which, 引導(dǎo)定語從句,(大選是一種方法,根據(jù)這個方法,選民怎么….);正確
    例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called wickers.    (A) when    (B) which    (C) is when    (D) in which 分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格處缺定語從句引導(dǎo)詞,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是選擇B還是D,則看從句,從句是完整的句子,那么一定選擇D, 關(guān)系代詞which 前應(yīng)該有介詞。
    六、in that結(jié)構(gòu)在表示“原因”概念的引導(dǎo)詞中,  because of +名詞,  consequently是副詞  而“in that”是原因狀語的引導(dǎo)詞。
    例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals ___ it is a liquid.    (A) whereas    (B) in that    (C) because of    (D) consequently 分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格處顯然缺從句引導(dǎo)詞。C、D不能引導(dǎo)從句,可以首先排除。根據(jù)題意,兩個句子之間是因果關(guān)系而不是對比關(guān)系,故選(B)。in that為復(fù)合連詞,用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
    例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual ___travel over land and water on a layer of air.    (A)they    (B)in they    (C)that they    (D)in that they 分析:空格處缺從句引導(dǎo)詞和從句主語。A和B缺從句引導(dǎo)詞,首先被排除。C一般作賓語從句或定語從句,而句中需要的是狀語從句,故也排除。D中in that為連詞,引導(dǎo)表原因的狀語從句,符合題意(氣墊船之所以不同,是因為……),故選D。
    這里我們再重申一下,如果選項中出現(xiàn)“介詞+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考慮這個選項,如果后面使用的是完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu),那么這個選項就一定是答案。這種題目平時出現(xiàn)的不多,但是要考的話一定就是重點。
    例3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place___great inspiration for her poems.    (A) that she drew    (B) by drawing her    (C) from which she drew    (D) drawn from which 分析:首先看選項C, “介詞+which”, 而后面是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一個完整句子,那么選項C就是答案。
    七、what 結(jié)構(gòu) what結(jié)構(gòu)在95.8以后的新題中考的非常多,記住一點:  what=the thing that
    例1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on___best in its climate and soil.    (A) it grows    (B) what grows    (C) does it grow    (D) what does it grow 分析:空格前有depend on這個短語,四個選項都是句子,故可判斷出空格處為賓語從句。A和C沒有從句引導(dǎo)詞,故排除,(D)的語序有問題,從句不能用特殊疑問句的倒裝形式,故(B)正確。
    例2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became___is now Indiana and Ohio.    (A) there    (B) where    (C) that    (D) what 分析:空格處缺的詞既要引導(dǎo)從句又要作從句主語。四個選項中只有D符合條件。
    八、同位語結(jié)構(gòu)同位語考試形式一:名詞作主語,主語同位語    ___, __ _, ___ (注意是兩個逗號)
    例1:The tongue , ___, is an important aid in chewing and swallowing .    (A) is the chief organ of taste    (B) tasting the organ chiefly    (C) the chief organ of taste    (D) the organ chiefly tastes 分析:空格處顯然缺定語或同位語。句中已有謂語動詞is, 故先排除A和D。(B)不合題意,故也可排除。(C)是名詞短語,適合作主語的同位語,使句子完整,句意正確,故選(C)。
    同位語考試形式二:名詞作主語,后面的名詞是主語同位語,解釋說明后面的名詞    ___, ___ (注意是一個逗號)
    例2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of Native Americans in her novel, Century of Dishonor.    (A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause    (B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson    (C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause    (D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. 分析:空格前為名詞短語,空格后為介詞短語,空格處明顯缺主語和謂語動詞。根據(jù)空格前名詞短語的意思判斷,主語應(yīng)該是人名而不是指物的名詞,故選(A)。
    例3:Often very annoying weeds ,___and act as hosts to many insect pests.    (A) that crowd out less hardy plants than goldenrods    (B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods    (C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy plants    (D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants 分析:空格后面是and, 句中缺少與and并列的謂語動詞。A只有從句沒有主句; B,C分別是分詞和名詞短語, 無法與動詞act并列; D 包含主語的同位語goldenrods和謂語動詞crowd。
    同位語考試形式三:主謂賓后面出現(xiàn)一個名詞,那么名詞可以作賓語或者表語的同位語例4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately___from Marathon to Athens.    (A) the distance is    (B) that the distance is    (C) is that the distance    (D) the distance 分析:逗號前為完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有連接詞或者從句引導(dǎo)詞。A、B、C均為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),但都沒有從句引導(dǎo)詞,故排除。D是名詞短語作表語同位語,故選(D)。