external adj. 1 外部的, 客觀的, [醫(yī)]外用的2 外國的 n. 外部, 外面
[同義] exterior , outer, outside, surface
[反義] internal adj. 內(nèi)在的, 國內(nèi)的
measure n. 1尺寸, 量度器, 量度標準2 方法, 測量, 措施
vt. 1 測量, 測度, 估量2 分派, 權衡, 調節(jié) vi. 量
[例] 1 測量:The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass. 標準的千克是測量質量的量度
2 較量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary. 她拿自己的力量和危險的敵手進行較量
[同義] appraise ,assess ,compare, estimate ,grade, rank ,rate ,size
[固定搭配] measure up (常與to 連用)合格;符合(標準)
contrast vt. 使與...對比, 使與...對照 vi. 和...形成對照 n. 對比, 對照, (對照中的)差異
[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before. 我的新學校比以前的好多了。
[同義] compare, liken, match, measure
definition n. 1 定義2 解說3 精確度, (輪廓影像等的)清晰度
[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。
[派生] define vt. 定義, 詳細說明 definite adj. 明確的, 一定的
specific n. 1 特效藥2 細節(jié) adj. 1 詳細而精確的, 明確的2 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]種的
[例] I want a specific answer.我想要一個明確的回答。
[同義] definite ,fixed, particular ,precise, special
[反義] general n. 1 普通2 將軍3 概要
adj. 1 一般的, 普通的2 綜合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大體的 n. 常規(guī)
[派生] specify vt. 1 指定2 詳細說明, 列入清單
specification n. 詳述, 規(guī)格, 說明書, 規(guī)范
signpost n. 路標
[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.我們經(jīng)常在高速公路上為司機們設立些路標。
landmark n. 1(航海)陸標, 地界標, 里程碑2 劃時代的事
[例] The Potala Palace is Tibet's cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture. 布達拉宮是西藏標志性的建筑,它能被認為是東方建筑的奇跡之一。
[同義] milestone ,point
encounter v. 遭遇, 遇到, 相遇 n. 遭遇, 遭遇戰(zhàn)
[例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.
年輕的科學家們在探險期間遇到了許多困難。
[同義] battle, collide, come across, confront ,meet, oppose
obstacle n. 障礙, 妨害物
[例] We combat obstacles in order to get repose? Henry Adams).
"為了獲得歇息,我們與困難斗爭"(亨利?亞當斯)。
[同義] barrier, block, deterrent ,hindrance ,hitch, impediment obstruction,snag ,stoppage
[反義] help n. 幫忙, 補救辦法, 助手, 治療, <美>傭工 vt. 幫助, 助長, 接濟, 治療, 款待
vi. 有用, 救命, 招待
essential adj. 1 本質的, 實質的, 基本的2 提煉的, 精華的 n. 1 本質, 實質2 要素, 要點
[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems? 這兩種經(jīng)濟體制的本質區(qū)別是什么?
[同義] basic, fundamental, important, necessary , needed, required , vital
[派生] essence n. 基本, [哲]本質, 香精
perceive vt. 察覺 v. 感知, 感到, 認識到
[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. 我發(fā)覺我不能使她改變她的主意。
[同義] detect, distinguish, experience, feel make out, observe, recognize sense
[派生] perception n.理解, 感知, 感覺, DPS 公司出的數(shù)字影像壓縮卡
perceptive adj. 有理解的
tend vi . 趨向, 往往是 vt. 照管, 護理
[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。
[同義] administer, attend , bend , care for, foster, help , incline
[派生] tendency n. 趨向, 傾向
indecisive adj. 非決定性的
[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions. 這兩種意見界線分明。
[反義] decisive adj. 決定性的
timidity n. 膽怯
[例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance . 他由于膽怯沒敢邀請她去參加舞會。
[派生] timid adj. 膽小的, 羞怯的
hesitate v. 猶豫, 躊躇, 不愿
[例] He hesitated before he answered because he didn't know what to say.
他在回答之前猶豫了一下,因為他不知道說什么。
[同義] falter, flounder, let up ,pause, rest, waver
[反義] dare ,decide ,determine
[派生] hesitation n. 猶豫, 躊躇
cope vi. (善于)應付, (善于)處理
[例] She is not a competent driver and can't cope with driving in heavy traffic.
"她不是個能干的司機,在交通擁擠時就開不好車。"
[同義] face, put up ,struggle
insecurity n. 不安全, 不安全感
[例] The child's feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother's early death .
這孩子無依無靠的感覺是由于他母親早死所造成的。
[反義] security n. 安全
[派生] secure adj. 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 無慮的 v. 保護
unavoidable adj. 不能避免的, 不能取消的
[例] an unavoidable accident 必然會發(fā)生的事故
[同義] certain, inescapable, inevitable , sure
[反義] avoidable adj. 可避免的
cease v. 停止, 終了
[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time. 我們不停地生產(chǎn)以便按時完成計劃
[同義] discontinue, end, halt, quit ,stop
[反義] begin v. 開始, 首先
[固定搭配] cease out 絕跡; cease to be 不再是;cease to be in force 失效; cease to be in effect 失效;
[同義] exterior , outer, outside, surface
[反義] internal adj. 內(nèi)在的, 國內(nèi)的
measure n. 1尺寸, 量度器, 量度標準2 方法, 測量, 措施
vt. 1 測量, 測度, 估量2 分派, 權衡, 調節(jié) vi. 量
[例] 1 測量:The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass. 標準的千克是測量質量的量度
2 較量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary. 她拿自己的力量和危險的敵手進行較量
[同義] appraise ,assess ,compare, estimate ,grade, rank ,rate ,size
[固定搭配] measure up (常與to 連用)合格;符合(標準)
contrast vt. 使與...對比, 使與...對照 vi. 和...形成對照 n. 對比, 對照, (對照中的)差異
[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before. 我的新學校比以前的好多了。
[同義] compare, liken, match, measure
definition n. 1 定義2 解說3 精確度, (輪廓影像等的)清晰度
[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。
[派生] define vt. 定義, 詳細說明 definite adj. 明確的, 一定的
specific n. 1 特效藥2 細節(jié) adj. 1 詳細而精確的, 明確的2 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]種的
[例] I want a specific answer.我想要一個明確的回答。
[同義] definite ,fixed, particular ,precise, special
[反義] general n. 1 普通2 將軍3 概要
adj. 1 一般的, 普通的2 綜合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大體的 n. 常規(guī)
[派生] specify vt. 1 指定2 詳細說明, 列入清單
specification n. 詳述, 規(guī)格, 說明書, 規(guī)范
signpost n. 路標
[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.我們經(jīng)常在高速公路上為司機們設立些路標。
landmark n. 1(航海)陸標, 地界標, 里程碑2 劃時代的事
[例] The Potala Palace is Tibet's cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture. 布達拉宮是西藏標志性的建筑,它能被認為是東方建筑的奇跡之一。
[同義] milestone ,point
encounter v. 遭遇, 遇到, 相遇 n. 遭遇, 遭遇戰(zhàn)
[例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.
年輕的科學家們在探險期間遇到了許多困難。
[同義] battle, collide, come across, confront ,meet, oppose
obstacle n. 障礙, 妨害物
[例] We combat obstacles in order to get repose? Henry Adams).
"為了獲得歇息,我們與困難斗爭"(亨利?亞當斯)。
[同義] barrier, block, deterrent ,hindrance ,hitch, impediment obstruction,snag ,stoppage
[反義] help n. 幫忙, 補救辦法, 助手, 治療, <美>傭工 vt. 幫助, 助長, 接濟, 治療, 款待
vi. 有用, 救命, 招待
essential adj. 1 本質的, 實質的, 基本的2 提煉的, 精華的 n. 1 本質, 實質2 要素, 要點
[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems? 這兩種經(jīng)濟體制的本質區(qū)別是什么?
[同義] basic, fundamental, important, necessary , needed, required , vital
[派生] essence n. 基本, [哲]本質, 香精
perceive vt. 察覺 v. 感知, 感到, 認識到
[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. 我發(fā)覺我不能使她改變她的主意。
[同義] detect, distinguish, experience, feel make out, observe, recognize sense
[派生] perception n.理解, 感知, 感覺, DPS 公司出的數(shù)字影像壓縮卡
perceptive adj. 有理解的
tend vi . 趨向, 往往是 vt. 照管, 護理
[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。
[同義] administer, attend , bend , care for, foster, help , incline
[派生] tendency n. 趨向, 傾向
indecisive adj. 非決定性的
[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions. 這兩種意見界線分明。
[反義] decisive adj. 決定性的
timidity n. 膽怯
[例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance . 他由于膽怯沒敢邀請她去參加舞會。
[派生] timid adj. 膽小的, 羞怯的
hesitate v. 猶豫, 躊躇, 不愿
[例] He hesitated before he answered because he didn't know what to say.
他在回答之前猶豫了一下,因為他不知道說什么。
[同義] falter, flounder, let up ,pause, rest, waver
[反義] dare ,decide ,determine
[派生] hesitation n. 猶豫, 躊躇
cope vi. (善于)應付, (善于)處理
[例] She is not a competent driver and can't cope with driving in heavy traffic.
"她不是個能干的司機,在交通擁擠時就開不好車。"
[同義] face, put up ,struggle
insecurity n. 不安全, 不安全感
[例] The child's feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother's early death .
這孩子無依無靠的感覺是由于他母親早死所造成的。
[反義] security n. 安全
[派生] secure adj. 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 無慮的 v. 保護
unavoidable adj. 不能避免的, 不能取消的
[例] an unavoidable accident 必然會發(fā)生的事故
[同義] certain, inescapable, inevitable , sure
[反義] avoidable adj. 可避免的
cease v. 停止, 終了
[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time. 我們不停地生產(chǎn)以便按時完成計劃
[同義] discontinue, end, halt, quit ,stop
[反義] begin v. 開始, 首先
[固定搭配] cease out 絕跡; cease to be 不再是;cease to be in force 失效; cease to be in effect 失效;

