托??荚嚫腻e(cuò)題??家c(diǎn)及例題分析(上)Ⅰ

字號(hào):

一、代詞
    代詞中主要講解六個(gè)問題來源:考試大
    ?。ㄒ唬?掌握代詞的幾種格:主格、賓格、所有格  名詞前面用代詞來修飾,只能用所有格(my books)
    (二) 反身代詞
    當(dāng)主語和賓語表示同一事物時(shí),賓語使用反身代詞。
    He killed himself. (他自殺了)
    He killed him. (他殺了他)來源:考試大
    例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating 
     A                 B   
     a series of indicators that could help
              C     
     themselves to predict earthquakes.
     D
    分析:D錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為them。如果用反身代詞themselves,指代對(duì)象是從句主語that(即名詞indicators),這顯然是錯(cuò)誤的。從句意來看,help的賓語應(yīng)該是主句主語researchers,故應(yīng)用代詞賓格而不是反身代詞。注意C并沒有錯(cuò),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could 比can語氣弱,表示較小的可能性。
    Indicator為征兆,這些征兆幫助他們來預(yù)言地震。主語是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一個(gè)事物。
    (三) 代詞的單復(fù)數(shù),代詞的性別來源:考試大
    在考試中如果代詞打橫線,代詞錯(cuò)誤的概率是非常高的,因此代詞打橫線,應(yīng)該先看代詞有沒有錯(cuò)。
    例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies
     that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the
      A   B      C          D
     Pacific.
    分析:D錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為those。D指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞waters, it是單數(shù),顯然是錯(cuò)誤的,根據(jù)習(xí)慣故改為those。注意waters一詞并沒有錯(cuò),它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
    Water作為水是不可數(shù)名詞,waters表示水域,通常使用復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
    Work作為工作是不可數(shù)名詞,work作為作品,可數(shù)不可數(shù)都可以,例如:
    Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品
    例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined
                        A  
     the word“normalcy”to express social and
              B
      economic conditions they promised the nation.
    C       D
    分析:D錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為he。動(dòng)作promised是由Warren Harding發(fā)出來的,故用第三人稱單數(shù)he來指代。
    例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important
         A    
     work is not poetry, but his biography, John
    B        C     
     Keats, published the year of her death. 
       D
    分析:C錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為her。his指男性,顯然是錯(cuò)誤的,應(yīng)改為her與后面的her同指Amy Lowell.
    (四) Who和which的區(qū)別
    which指代事物或者動(dòng)物,who指代人,who/whom son往往要改為whose son, whose可以指代事物。
    例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who
               A            B
     account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.
    C                  D
    分析:B錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為which或that。先行詞不是指人,而是指物,關(guān)系代詞不能用who,故改為which或that。
    人體前面加定冠詞the, account for 占有多大的比例,解釋說明。
    (五) that和which的區(qū)別來源:考試大  介詞后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外來源:考試大
    例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it
               A        B
     would affect society could not have been foreseen.
       C              D
    分析:B錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為which。The extent to which, 介詞加which(引導(dǎo)定語從句),影響社會(huì)的程度沒有被預(yù)見
    (六) 定語從句的特殊省略來源:考試大  Reason后面有定語從句,中間往往省略why, Time后面有定語從句,中間往往省略when,way后面有定語從句,中間省略了in which。
    I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.
    例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly
               A         B  
     reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.
          C      D
    分析:B錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為main。mainly為副詞,不能個(gè)飾后面的名詞,故改為形容詞main。句子中people take medicine修飾reason,定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被省略
    例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has 
     affected the way people in the United States----.
     (A) living and working來源:考試大
     (B) they live and work 來源:考試大
     (C) live and work來源:考試大
     (D) to live and to work
    分析:選擇C, the way people....影響了人們生活和工作的方式。