5．Problem and Solution
5.1 Definitions: The author states a problem and lists one or more solutions for the problem. A variation of this pattern is the question- and-answer format in which the author poses a question and then answers it.
5.2 Pattern
Problem and Solution
5.3 Cue Words
problem is; dilemma is; puzzle is solved; question... answer
5.4 Example
One problem with the modern Olympics is that it has become very big and expensive to operate. The city or country that hosts the games often loses a lot of money. A stadium, pools, and playing fields must be built for the athletic events and housing is needed for the athletes who come from around the world. And all of these facilities are used for only 2 weeks! In 1984, Los Angeles solved these problems by charging a fee for companies who wanted to be official sponsors of the games. Companies like McDonald's paid a lot of money to be part of the Olympics. Many buildings that were already built in the Los Angeles area were also used. The Coliseum where the 1932 games were held was used again and many colleges and universities in the area became playing and living sites.
6．Circumlocution
6.1 Definitions: Depicts a pattern in which the speaker discusses a topic, then diverts to discuss a related but different topic.
6.2 Pattern
Genre: Personal Letter
Audience: Friend
Purpose: Inform
Topic: Plans
6.3 Example:
Friend,
[1] I can still remember when we where freshmen and we planned to take a trip to Mexico. As soon as either one of us learned to drive we were gonna take off south of the border. I've been looking forward to it for three years and that's why I'm so disappointed that we can't go. It's just that I know that we're gonna have to be shelling out the big bucks for our senior (year). I mean, with the prom, grad-night, pictures, etc.
[2] Speaking of learning to drive, when are we going to get our licenses? I thought I was bad because I took safety education and drivers training in November 1988. But you're worse. If I'm not mistaken, you took them both in June, '88. So I'm jammin' compared to you. I guess we're both just too lazy to go down to the DMV.
[3] Speaking of lazy, I don't want to work mornings. I hate having to get up early just to feed cinnamon rolls to grouchy, half-awake, old people. I'd rather keep working afternoons and evenings when all the gorgeous guys drop in on their lunch breaks...
7. Narrative Interspersion
7.1 Definitions: A pattern or a sub-pattern imbedded in other patterns in which the speaker or writer intersperses a narrative within the expository text for specific purposes, including to clarify, or elaborate on a point or to link the subject matter to a personal experience.
7.2 Pattern
Narrative Interspersion
Genre: Personal Letter
Audience: Friend
Purpose: Inform
Topic: Destruction
7.3 Example:
Dear friend,
[1] Hey girl... what's up?... I guess I want to talk to you about 'Self Destruction'. Personally, I don't know anyone who uses drugs but I do know people who are hard headed and ignorant. And we both know girls who are always in trouble... Too many girls out there are getting pregnant and using drugs. At the same time, they don't care. And all this stuff about 'colors', you know Red and Blue Chrips and Bloods... That's all B.S. Just another reason to shoot a brother. It's like Kool Moe Dee said, "I never ever ran from the Ku Klux Klan, and I shouldn't have to run from a Black man...cuz that's 'Self Destruction.' It's a serious trip how most violence to Blacks is done by Blacks.
[2] Then there's discrimination between Blacks because of lighter and darker shades. Like when people call me 'white girl' before, of course, I got this tan. I'm sort of glad that I'm not that light anymore. But, I'm still teased by the way I talk because it's too proper. But that's just the way I talk. One night I was talking [3] on the phone to____, my boyfriend, when some of his friends started to talking to me on the phone. Whenever they'd talk to me, they'd assume I was white. The first time they did that, it really made me mad. But I don't get mad anymore. I'm used to it. It gets me mad when they think I think I'm better than them. But I don't think that.
[4] And another thing I hate is drugs. That's stupid too. Drugs ruin people's lives and it's even worse that people are willing to die for them....
8.Recursion
8.1 Definitions: When the speaker discusses a topic, then restates it using different words or symbolism. It is used to drive home a point and to give special emphasis to the text.
8.2 Pattern
Recursive Pattern
8.3 Example:
[1] Yes, we're on the move now,
[2] and no wave of racism can stop us;
[3] and the burning of churches will not deter us.
[4] and the bombing of our homes will not dissuade us
[5] and the beating and the killing of our clergymen and young people will not divert us.
[6] The wanton release of their known murderers will not discourage us.
[7] We're on the move now!
5.1 Definitions: The author states a problem and lists one or more solutions for the problem. A variation of this pattern is the question- and-answer format in which the author poses a question and then answers it.
5.2 Pattern
Problem and Solution
5.3 Cue Words
problem is; dilemma is; puzzle is solved; question... answer
5.4 Example
One problem with the modern Olympics is that it has become very big and expensive to operate. The city or country that hosts the games often loses a lot of money. A stadium, pools, and playing fields must be built for the athletic events and housing is needed for the athletes who come from around the world. And all of these facilities are used for only 2 weeks! In 1984, Los Angeles solved these problems by charging a fee for companies who wanted to be official sponsors of the games. Companies like McDonald's paid a lot of money to be part of the Olympics. Many buildings that were already built in the Los Angeles area were also used. The Coliseum where the 1932 games were held was used again and many colleges and universities in the area became playing and living sites.
6．Circumlocution
6.1 Definitions: Depicts a pattern in which the speaker discusses a topic, then diverts to discuss a related but different topic.
6.2 Pattern
Genre: Personal Letter
Audience: Friend
Purpose: Inform
Topic: Plans
6.3 Example:
Friend,
[1] I can still remember when we where freshmen and we planned to take a trip to Mexico. As soon as either one of us learned to drive we were gonna take off south of the border. I've been looking forward to it for three years and that's why I'm so disappointed that we can't go. It's just that I know that we're gonna have to be shelling out the big bucks for our senior (year). I mean, with the prom, grad-night, pictures, etc.
[2] Speaking of learning to drive, when are we going to get our licenses? I thought I was bad because I took safety education and drivers training in November 1988. But you're worse. If I'm not mistaken, you took them both in June, '88. So I'm jammin' compared to you. I guess we're both just too lazy to go down to the DMV.
[3] Speaking of lazy, I don't want to work mornings. I hate having to get up early just to feed cinnamon rolls to grouchy, half-awake, old people. I'd rather keep working afternoons and evenings when all the gorgeous guys drop in on their lunch breaks...
7. Narrative Interspersion
7.1 Definitions: A pattern or a sub-pattern imbedded in other patterns in which the speaker or writer intersperses a narrative within the expository text for specific purposes, including to clarify, or elaborate on a point or to link the subject matter to a personal experience.
7.2 Pattern
Narrative Interspersion
Genre: Personal Letter
Audience: Friend
Purpose: Inform
Topic: Destruction
7.3 Example:
Dear friend,
[1] Hey girl... what's up?... I guess I want to talk to you about 'Self Destruction'. Personally, I don't know anyone who uses drugs but I do know people who are hard headed and ignorant. And we both know girls who are always in trouble... Too many girls out there are getting pregnant and using drugs. At the same time, they don't care. And all this stuff about 'colors', you know Red and Blue Chrips and Bloods... That's all B.S. Just another reason to shoot a brother. It's like Kool Moe Dee said, "I never ever ran from the Ku Klux Klan, and I shouldn't have to run from a Black man...cuz that's 'Self Destruction.' It's a serious trip how most violence to Blacks is done by Blacks.
[2] Then there's discrimination between Blacks because of lighter and darker shades. Like when people call me 'white girl' before, of course, I got this tan. I'm sort of glad that I'm not that light anymore. But, I'm still teased by the way I talk because it's too proper. But that's just the way I talk. One night I was talking [3] on the phone to____, my boyfriend, when some of his friends started to talking to me on the phone. Whenever they'd talk to me, they'd assume I was white. The first time they did that, it really made me mad. But I don't get mad anymore. I'm used to it. It gets me mad when they think I think I'm better than them. But I don't think that.
[4] And another thing I hate is drugs. That's stupid too. Drugs ruin people's lives and it's even worse that people are willing to die for them....
8.Recursion
8.1 Definitions: When the speaker discusses a topic, then restates it using different words or symbolism. It is used to drive home a point and to give special emphasis to the text.
8.2 Pattern
Recursive Pattern
8.3 Example:
[1] Yes, we're on the move now,
[2] and no wave of racism can stop us;
[3] and the burning of churches will not deter us.
[4] and the bombing of our homes will not dissuade us
[5] and the beating and the killing of our clergymen and young people will not divert us.
[6] The wanton release of their known murderers will not discourage us.
[7] We're on the move now!