第4部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內容從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個佳答案，涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第一篇 More Than a Ride to School
The National Education Association claims．"The school bus is a mirror of the community．"They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community．They are right——sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl．
Bruce Hardy．school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl's bus driver since kindergarten．Last year when Liesl's family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence.she requested to ride the same bus
This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus．She says，"It's been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener．Sometimes when you're a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important．Mr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important．''Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree．
Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy's outstanding record："You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record．He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles．Hardy's reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus．"
Althouse further adds，''Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since．My grandfather started the business with one bus． Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come．''
Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed．Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesl's mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy's bus to the Octorara School District．
31 The word"mirror''in the first line could be best replaced by
E "vehicle"．
F "device"．
G "need"
H "reflection"．
32 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company
A for 30 years．
B for 70 years．
C since last year．
D since 2000
33 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?
A He is popular with his passengers．
B He has never missed a day of work．
C He is an impatient person
D He has driven 350.000 accident free miles．
34 Althouse Bus Company was founded by
A Larry Althouse．
B Althouse's grandfather
C Liesl's mother
D Ashley Batista．
35 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to
A employing young drivers
B running quality schools．
C providing free driving lessons
D building sound relationships．
第二篇 A Phone That Knows You're Busy
It's a modern problem：you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant（連續(xù)不斷的）phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy．you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busy
A bunch of behavior sensors（傳感器）and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you．If built into a phone，the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later．
James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity． First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interrupted
The potential"busyness"signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use．
The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from"highly interruptible''to"highly not-interruptible" . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . "It is a shotgun（隨意的）approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，" says Hudson
The model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be．
Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent． Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers don't care．
The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones．"There is no technological roadblock（障礙） to it being deployed in a couple of years，" says Hudson
36 A big problem facing people today is that
A they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls．
B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet．
C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone．
D they are too busy to make phone calls．
37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone
A could help store messages．
B could send messages instantly
C could tell when it is wise to interrupt you．
D could identify important phone calls．
38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out
A why office doors were often 1eft open．
B when it was a good time to turn off the computer．
C what questions office workers were bothered with．
D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy
39 During the experiment，the subjects were asked
A to control the sensors and the camera．
B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted．
C to compare their behaviors with others'．
D to analyze all the indicators of interruption．
40 The computer performed better than people in the study because
A the computer worked harder．B the computer was not busy
C people tended to be biased．
D people were not good at statistics．
第三篇 The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon
What comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water，birds，and fish．For the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing thirty-seven people．Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people．
Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater（火山口）lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes，these gases are released often because the water'turns over'regularly．That is，the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top，allowing the gases to escape slowly．
However，in Lakes Nyos and Monoun，there is no regular turning over．No one knows the reason for this fact，but as a result，these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact，scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases．When a strong wind，cool weather a storm，or a landslide（滑坡）causes the water to turn over suddenly，the gases escape in a violent explosion．
In the past，no one knew when the gases might explode，so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States，F(xiàn)rance，and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos．They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake，with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air．Near the top of the pipe，the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer．Now，when the gas pressure gets too high，the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain．With less pressure，a disastrous explosion is much less likely．However, the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions．They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well．
To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place．the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level，computers will set off loud sirens（警報）and bright lights to warn the people in the villages．That way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases．
41 What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode?
A Water will flow down the hills
B Poisonous gases will be released suddenly．
C A strong wind will rise from the lakes
D The volcanoes will come to life．
42 Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?
A They were formed in 1984．
B They are at the top of two active volcanoes．
C They are not like most other crater lakes．
D Water in them turns over regularly．
43 Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because
A the gases rise to the top and mix with air．
B people from the villages turn over the water．
C scientists have put in a computer system．
D they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes
44 A team of scientists has
A erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lake
B identified the gases at the bottom of the lake
C built a beautiful fountain near the lakes
D removed all dangerous gases from the lakes
45 What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes．
B Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosions
C Explosion disasters could be avoided in the future
D Warning systems have been set up in the villages nearby答案：
31 D mirror和reflection都有"反映"的意思。reflection的動詞是reflect，在第一段中出現(xiàn)了兩次。vehicle是"交通工具"，device是"裝置"， need是"需要".
32 A 該題問的是：Bruce Hardy為Althouse公交公司工作了多少年了?第四段的第二句話是這么說的：今年，他要慶祝為AM.house公交公司工作30年。
33 c 該題問的是：下面的哪一種說法不符合Brice Hardy實際情況?A和B可見于第三段第二行。D可見于第四段的后半部分。c說的是：Bruce Hardy不耐心。第三段說到了Bruce Hardy是一個很好的聽眾，他總是聽著你要說的話?？梢?，說Bruce Hardy不耐心不符合實際情況。
34 B 該題問的是：誰創(chuàng)立了Althouse公交公司?A說的是：Larry Althouse.Larry .Althouse是公司的總裁。B說的是：Althouse的祖父。倒數(shù)第二段有這樣一句話：我（Althouse）的祖父開始經(jīng)營時只有一輛公共汽車。可見，B是正確答案。
35 D 該題問的是：Althouse公交公司注重什么?A說的是：雇用年輕司機。B說的是：經(jīng)營素質學校。c：提供免費駕駛課程。D：建立良好的關系。
36 A 該題問的是：當今人們面臨的一個大的問題是什么?文章第～句就給出了答案：人們太忙了，不能被連續(xù)不斷的電話騷擾。要么關閉手機。
37 c 第二段中的that是代詞，指上段后兩旬句子的內容。而答案在第一句的后半部分：確定何時適合打擾你。
38 D 本題題干的意思是在Camegie Mellon大學的科學家試圖找出……?答案在第三段后一句，第四段第一句也給出了部分答案。
39 B 本題問的是實驗中，受試者被要求干什么?答案在第五段第二句：受試者對是否可被打斷工作做出評定，評定范圍從"完全可以被打斷"到"完全不能被打斷".
40 c 本題和倒數(shù)第二段第一句有關，說的是實驗中電腦比人表現(xiàn)得好，問原因是什么?這段后一句說了，people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased…，即人有偏見，故c為答案。
41 B 該題問的是Nyos和Monoun兩湖噴發(fā)時會出現(xiàn)什么情況?第一段第五句提到，Monoun噴發(fā)時有毒氣體隨之而出。兩年后，Nyos湖噴發(fā)時也出現(xiàn)類似情況。故B為答案。
42 c 本題為細節(jié)題。問的是關于Nyos和Monoun兩湖哪句陳述是正確的?選項A說的是兩湖于1984年形成的，不符合原文意思。選項B的意思是：他們坐落在兩座活活火山上，也與原文意思不符。選項D說的是湖中的水定期翻滾，均與原文不符。只有選項c正確。
43 D 題句的意思是：Nyos和Monoun兩湖發(fā)生噴發(fā)的原因是什么?前三個選項均與原文意思不符，答案見第三段第二句。
44 A 本題問的是一隊科學家干了什么工作?第四段第三句提到他們在湖里立了一根釋放湖底氣壓的管子。故A為答案。
45 c 本題問的是在文章后一段我們了解到了什么?文章后一段主要講的是在所有的湖里豎起緩解湖底氣壓的管子后，就不會有危險。故選項c為正確答案。
．
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內容從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個佳答案，涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第一篇 More Than a Ride to School
The National Education Association claims．"The school bus is a mirror of the community．"They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community．They are right——sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl．
Bruce Hardy．school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl's bus driver since kindergarten．Last year when Liesl's family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence.she requested to ride the same bus
This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus．She says，"It's been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener．Sometimes when you're a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important．Mr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important．''Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree．
Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy's outstanding record："You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record．He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles．Hardy's reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus．"
Althouse further adds，''Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since．My grandfather started the business with one bus． Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come．''
Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed．Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesl's mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy's bus to the Octorara School District．
31 The word"mirror''in the first line could be best replaced by
E "vehicle"．
F "device"．
G "need"
H "reflection"．
32 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company
A for 30 years．
B for 70 years．
C since last year．
D since 2000
33 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?
A He is popular with his passengers．
B He has never missed a day of work．
C He is an impatient person
D He has driven 350.000 accident free miles．
34 Althouse Bus Company was founded by
A Larry Althouse．
B Althouse's grandfather
C Liesl's mother
D Ashley Batista．
35 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to
A employing young drivers
B running quality schools．
C providing free driving lessons
D building sound relationships．
第二篇 A Phone That Knows You're Busy
It's a modern problem：you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant（連續(xù)不斷的）phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy．you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busy
A bunch of behavior sensors（傳感器）and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you．If built into a phone，the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later．
James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity． First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interrupted
The potential"busyness"signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use．
The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from"highly interruptible''to"highly not-interruptible" . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . "It is a shotgun（隨意的）approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，" says Hudson
The model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be．
Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent． Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers don't care．
The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones．"There is no technological roadblock（障礙） to it being deployed in a couple of years，" says Hudson
36 A big problem facing people today is that
A they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls．
B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet．
C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone．
D they are too busy to make phone calls．
37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone
A could help store messages．
B could send messages instantly
C could tell when it is wise to interrupt you．
D could identify important phone calls．
38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out
A why office doors were often 1eft open．
B when it was a good time to turn off the computer．
C what questions office workers were bothered with．
D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy
39 During the experiment，the subjects were asked
A to control the sensors and the camera．
B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted．
C to compare their behaviors with others'．
D to analyze all the indicators of interruption．
40 The computer performed better than people in the study because
A the computer worked harder．B the computer was not busy
C people tended to be biased．
D people were not good at statistics．
第三篇 The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon
What comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water，birds，and fish．For the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing thirty-seven people．Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people．
Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater（火山口）lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes，these gases are released often because the water'turns over'regularly．That is，the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top，allowing the gases to escape slowly．
However，in Lakes Nyos and Monoun，there is no regular turning over．No one knows the reason for this fact，but as a result，these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact，scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases．When a strong wind，cool weather a storm，or a landslide（滑坡）causes the water to turn over suddenly，the gases escape in a violent explosion．
In the past，no one knew when the gases might explode，so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States，F(xiàn)rance，and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos．They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake，with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air．Near the top of the pipe，the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer．Now，when the gas pressure gets too high，the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain．With less pressure，a disastrous explosion is much less likely．However, the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions．They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well．
To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place．the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level，computers will set off loud sirens（警報）and bright lights to warn the people in the villages．That way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases．
41 What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode?
A Water will flow down the hills
B Poisonous gases will be released suddenly．
C A strong wind will rise from the lakes
D The volcanoes will come to life．
42 Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?
A They were formed in 1984．
B They are at the top of two active volcanoes．
C They are not like most other crater lakes．
D Water in them turns over regularly．
43 Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because
A the gases rise to the top and mix with air．
B people from the villages turn over the water．
C scientists have put in a computer system．
D they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes
44 A team of scientists has
A erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lake
B identified the gases at the bottom of the lake
C built a beautiful fountain near the lakes
D removed all dangerous gases from the lakes
45 What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes．
B Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosions
C Explosion disasters could be avoided in the future
D Warning systems have been set up in the villages nearby答案：
31 D mirror和reflection都有"反映"的意思。reflection的動詞是reflect，在第一段中出現(xiàn)了兩次。vehicle是"交通工具"，device是"裝置"， need是"需要".
32 A 該題問的是：Bruce Hardy為Althouse公交公司工作了多少年了?第四段的第二句話是這么說的：今年，他要慶祝為AM.house公交公司工作30年。
33 c 該題問的是：下面的哪一種說法不符合Brice Hardy實際情況?A和B可見于第三段第二行。D可見于第四段的后半部分。c說的是：Bruce Hardy不耐心。第三段說到了Bruce Hardy是一個很好的聽眾，他總是聽著你要說的話?？梢?，說Bruce Hardy不耐心不符合實際情況。
34 B 該題問的是：誰創(chuàng)立了Althouse公交公司?A說的是：Larry Althouse.Larry .Althouse是公司的總裁。B說的是：Althouse的祖父。倒數(shù)第二段有這樣一句話：我（Althouse）的祖父開始經(jīng)營時只有一輛公共汽車。可見，B是正確答案。
35 D 該題問的是：Althouse公交公司注重什么?A說的是：雇用年輕司機。B說的是：經(jīng)營素質學校。c：提供免費駕駛課程。D：建立良好的關系。
36 A 該題問的是：當今人們面臨的一個大的問題是什么?文章第～句就給出了答案：人們太忙了，不能被連續(xù)不斷的電話騷擾。要么關閉手機。
37 c 第二段中的that是代詞，指上段后兩旬句子的內容。而答案在第一句的后半部分：確定何時適合打擾你。
38 D 本題題干的意思是在Camegie Mellon大學的科學家試圖找出……?答案在第三段后一句，第四段第一句也給出了部分答案。
39 B 本題問的是實驗中，受試者被要求干什么?答案在第五段第二句：受試者對是否可被打斷工作做出評定，評定范圍從"完全可以被打斷"到"完全不能被打斷".
40 c 本題和倒數(shù)第二段第一句有關，說的是實驗中電腦比人表現(xiàn)得好，問原因是什么?這段后一句說了，people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased…，即人有偏見，故c為答案。
41 B 該題問的是Nyos和Monoun兩湖噴發(fā)時會出現(xiàn)什么情況?第一段第五句提到，Monoun噴發(fā)時有毒氣體隨之而出。兩年后，Nyos湖噴發(fā)時也出現(xiàn)類似情況。故B為答案。
42 c 本題為細節(jié)題。問的是關于Nyos和Monoun兩湖哪句陳述是正確的?選項A說的是兩湖于1984年形成的，不符合原文意思。選項B的意思是：他們坐落在兩座活活火山上，也與原文意思不符。選項D說的是湖中的水定期翻滾，均與原文不符。只有選項c正確。
43 D 題句的意思是：Nyos和Monoun兩湖發(fā)生噴發(fā)的原因是什么?前三個選項均與原文意思不符，答案見第三段第二句。
44 A 本題問的是一隊科學家干了什么工作?第四段第三句提到他們在湖里立了一根釋放湖底氣壓的管子。故A為答案。
45 c 本題問的是在文章后一段我們了解到了什么?文章后一段主要講的是在所有的湖里豎起緩解湖底氣壓的管子后，就不會有危險。故選項c為正確答案。
．