21、第一篇 Sleep Sleep is part of your daily activity cycle, but there are several different t ypes or stages of sleep and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleep er, your sleep cycle will go something like this: When you first drift off into sleep your eyes will roll about a bit, your tem perature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and b***me quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too. This is called Stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then, about 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. This is S tage 4 sleep. You may think that you stay at this deep fourth stage all the rest of the nig ht, but that turns out not to be the case. Instead, about 80 minutes after you fal l into sleep your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to move around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at somet hing occurring in front of you. This period of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for som e 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep. During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but ca pable of movement. However, as you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs ? Most of the voluntary muscles in your body b***me paralyzed. Although your brai n shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is inca pable of moving.The lower the stage of sleep,____.
A.the greater the alpha waves will be
B.the slower the brain waves will appear
C.activity pattern of the brain
D.the closer one is to the initial Stage 1 sleep
22、(同21題)Before one reaches the deepest sleep,____.
A.muscular inhibition occurs
B.one’s body muscles b***me paralyzed
C.loss of consciousness has already occurred
D.one’s eyes begin to move as if looking at something
23、(同21題)REM sleep is characterized by_____.
A.a drop in temperature
B.a loss of consciousness
C.a lack of body movement
D.the appearance of delta waves
24、(同21題)Muscular relaxation, a temperature drop, and breath regularity are characteristics of_____.
A.REM sleep
B.Stage 1 sleep
C.delta rhythms
D.Stage 2 and 3 sleep
25、(同21題)An increase in the activity cycle indicates____.
A.one is waking up
B.a relaxing of body muscles
C.an increase in the body’s rhythms
D. The disappearance of delta rhythm
26、第二篇 The Structure of the Brain When you refer to your brain, you should probably say ’brains’. Most modern s cientists studying the brain have concluded that there are three major parts of ou r brain, that each is separate from the others, and that each has its own functi on and different processes. Brain 1 includes the spinal cord, the medulla ? Which sites directly on the t op of the cord ? And the middle section of the brain. It includes the controls for involuntary functions like breathing and digestion. Brain 2 is an area surrounding brain 1. In this s***nd brain are the various glands located in the brain, such as the pituitary and amygdala. Scientists studyi ng brain 2 are convinced that human emotions such as excitement, fear, and love are centerd here, as well as the senses of taste and smell. Memory and learning are also controlled by brain 2. Brain 3 is the neocortex, the thick covering that surrounds the top and side portions of the brain. This is the ’gray matter’ we often think of when we speak of the brain. Only the higher orders of animals have brain 3, and none is as hig hly developed as the human neocortext. Brain 3 sends information from the other two brains to the body and receives data from the body. It is brain 3 that makes us fully human. Brian 3 allows us to stand erect, to see, to speak, to write, t o use symbols and tools, and to remember. Brain 3 also acts as a unifying contro l of the other two brains. As scientists continue to study the brain, they disco ver specific areas that control particular functions of the body and particular emotions.This passage is mainly about____
A.he functions of the three sections of the brain.
B.the human brain.
C.complexity of the human brain.
D.the areas that control different kinds of behaviour.
27、(同26題)As used in this passage, the word ’involuntary’ means____
A.normal.
B.abnormal.
C.particular.
D.automatic.
28、(同26題)Excitement, fear, and love are centered in____
A.the neocortex
B.The pituitary.
C.Brain 2.
D.The medulla.
29、(同26題)We can conclude from the passage that____
A.only humans have the neocotex section of the brain.
B.we know very little about the brain.
C.brain 3 is all we need to survive.
D.we still have a lot to learn about the brain.
30、(同26題)That passage suggests that____
A.man is the only animal that has emotions.
B.`mind control’ will be possible very soon.
C.research on the human brain is one of the most important types of research scientists are engaged in.
D.we have learned as mush as we are capable of understanding about the human brain.
31、第三篇 Memory One day more than fifty years ago, a young man had an accident on his mo tor-bike in which he suffered a few apparently minor injuries. There was a bruise (腫) on the left side of his forehead and some slight bleeding from his left ear. He was taken to hospital for examination but X-rays did not reveal any other in juries. Nevertheless, the doctor who was treating him decided to keep him in ho spital for further observations because the young man was having difficulty in s peaking and seemed very confused. At the time of the accident, the young man was 22 years old, and the dat a was August, 1933. A week later, he was able to carry on what seemed a perfectly normal conversation. However, he told the doctor that he was only 11 years old and that the date was February, 1922. What is more, he could not remember anyth ing that had happened since 1922. For example, he could not recall having spent five years in Australia, or coming back to England and working for two years on a golf course. As time went by part of his memory of the eleven missing years come back . A few weeks later, he even remembered his years in Australia. But the two years of his life just before the accident were still a completely a blank. Three we eks after his injury, he went back to the village where he had been living for t hose two years. Everything seemed unfamiliar and he did not recall ever having b een there before. Despite this, he was able to take up his old job again in the village an d to do it satisfactorily. But he often got lost when walking around the village a nd found it difficult to remember what he had done during the day. Slowly, howev er, his memory continued to return so that, about ten weeks after the accident, he could even remember most of the previous two years. There remained only one complete gap in his memory: he could remember absolutely nothing about what he h ad done a few minutes immediately before the accident or the accident itself. Th is part of his memory never came back.When did the accident happen____?
A.In February 1922.
B.A few years ago.
C.when the young was in Australia.
D.Over half a century ago.
32、(同31題)How about the young man immediately after his accident____?
A.He was able to hold a perfectly normal conversation
B.He was taken to hospital with severe injuries
C.He was too badly injured to be taken to hospital
D.There were some difficulties in his speaking
33、(同31題)What was he unable to remember a few weeks after the accident____?
A.The previous 11 years of his life.
B.Anything about the village he had been living in.
C.A few years he had spent in Australia.
D.The two years before he came to live in the village.
34、(同31題)What was the thing that he was never able to remember____?
A.What happened immediately before or during the accident.
B.What he had done for ten weeks after the accident.
C.All of the previous years before the accident.
D.His way round the village itself.
35、(同31題)Which of the following is correct____?
A.The accident "killed" the young man’s memory.
B.The accident left a gap in his head.
C.The accident made the young man uncomfortable.
D.the accident left a gap in his memory.
A.the greater the alpha waves will be
B.the slower the brain waves will appear
C.activity pattern of the brain
D.the closer one is to the initial Stage 1 sleep
22、(同21題)Before one reaches the deepest sleep,____.
A.muscular inhibition occurs
B.one’s body muscles b***me paralyzed
C.loss of consciousness has already occurred
D.one’s eyes begin to move as if looking at something
23、(同21題)REM sleep is characterized by_____.
A.a drop in temperature
B.a loss of consciousness
C.a lack of body movement
D.the appearance of delta waves
24、(同21題)Muscular relaxation, a temperature drop, and breath regularity are characteristics of_____.
A.REM sleep
B.Stage 1 sleep
C.delta rhythms
D.Stage 2 and 3 sleep
25、(同21題)An increase in the activity cycle indicates____.
A.one is waking up
B.a relaxing of body muscles
C.an increase in the body’s rhythms
D. The disappearance of delta rhythm
26、第二篇 The Structure of the Brain When you refer to your brain, you should probably say ’brains’. Most modern s cientists studying the brain have concluded that there are three major parts of ou r brain, that each is separate from the others, and that each has its own functi on and different processes. Brain 1 includes the spinal cord, the medulla ? Which sites directly on the t op of the cord ? And the middle section of the brain. It includes the controls for involuntary functions like breathing and digestion. Brain 2 is an area surrounding brain 1. In this s***nd brain are the various glands located in the brain, such as the pituitary and amygdala. Scientists studyi ng brain 2 are convinced that human emotions such as excitement, fear, and love are centerd here, as well as the senses of taste and smell. Memory and learning are also controlled by brain 2. Brain 3 is the neocortex, the thick covering that surrounds the top and side portions of the brain. This is the ’gray matter’ we often think of when we speak of the brain. Only the higher orders of animals have brain 3, and none is as hig hly developed as the human neocortext. Brain 3 sends information from the other two brains to the body and receives data from the body. It is brain 3 that makes us fully human. Brian 3 allows us to stand erect, to see, to speak, to write, t o use symbols and tools, and to remember. Brain 3 also acts as a unifying contro l of the other two brains. As scientists continue to study the brain, they disco ver specific areas that control particular functions of the body and particular emotions.This passage is mainly about____
A.he functions of the three sections of the brain.
B.the human brain.
C.complexity of the human brain.
D.the areas that control different kinds of behaviour.
27、(同26題)As used in this passage, the word ’involuntary’ means____
A.normal.
B.abnormal.
C.particular.
D.automatic.
28、(同26題)Excitement, fear, and love are centered in____
A.the neocortex
B.The pituitary.
C.Brain 2.
D.The medulla.
29、(同26題)We can conclude from the passage that____
A.only humans have the neocotex section of the brain.
B.we know very little about the brain.
C.brain 3 is all we need to survive.
D.we still have a lot to learn about the brain.
30、(同26題)That passage suggests that____
A.man is the only animal that has emotions.
B.`mind control’ will be possible very soon.
C.research on the human brain is one of the most important types of research scientists are engaged in.
D.we have learned as mush as we are capable of understanding about the human brain.
31、第三篇 Memory One day more than fifty years ago, a young man had an accident on his mo tor-bike in which he suffered a few apparently minor injuries. There was a bruise (腫) on the left side of his forehead and some slight bleeding from his left ear. He was taken to hospital for examination but X-rays did not reveal any other in juries. Nevertheless, the doctor who was treating him decided to keep him in ho spital for further observations because the young man was having difficulty in s peaking and seemed very confused. At the time of the accident, the young man was 22 years old, and the dat a was August, 1933. A week later, he was able to carry on what seemed a perfectly normal conversation. However, he told the doctor that he was only 11 years old and that the date was February, 1922. What is more, he could not remember anyth ing that had happened since 1922. For example, he could not recall having spent five years in Australia, or coming back to England and working for two years on a golf course. As time went by part of his memory of the eleven missing years come back . A few weeks later, he even remembered his years in Australia. But the two years of his life just before the accident were still a completely a blank. Three we eks after his injury, he went back to the village where he had been living for t hose two years. Everything seemed unfamiliar and he did not recall ever having b een there before. Despite this, he was able to take up his old job again in the village an d to do it satisfactorily. But he often got lost when walking around the village a nd found it difficult to remember what he had done during the day. Slowly, howev er, his memory continued to return so that, about ten weeks after the accident, he could even remember most of the previous two years. There remained only one complete gap in his memory: he could remember absolutely nothing about what he h ad done a few minutes immediately before the accident or the accident itself. Th is part of his memory never came back.When did the accident happen____?
A.In February 1922.
B.A few years ago.
C.when the young was in Australia.
D.Over half a century ago.
32、(同31題)How about the young man immediately after his accident____?
A.He was able to hold a perfectly normal conversation
B.He was taken to hospital with severe injuries
C.He was too badly injured to be taken to hospital
D.There were some difficulties in his speaking
33、(同31題)What was he unable to remember a few weeks after the accident____?
A.The previous 11 years of his life.
B.Anything about the village he had been living in.
C.A few years he had spent in Australia.
D.The two years before he came to live in the village.
34、(同31題)What was the thing that he was never able to remember____?
A.What happened immediately before or during the accident.
B.What he had done for ten weeks after the accident.
C.All of the previous years before the accident.
D.His way round the village itself.
35、(同31題)Which of the following is correct____?
A.The accident "killed" the young man’s memory.
B.The accident left a gap in his head.
C.The accident made the young man uncomfortable.
D.the accident left a gap in his memory.