2009年考研英語翻譯最新模擬題(一)

字號:

Part C
    In Benjamin Franklin's civic pride and his projects for the improvement of Philadelphia, we see another aspect of the philosophy of doing good. At the same time we may recognize the zeal for reform that has long been a characteristic of American life. In his attention to the details of daily living, Franklin shows himself as the observant empiricist. 46. As the successful engineer of ways to make the city he loved cleaner, safer and more attractive he continually sponsored new institutions that were proof that the applications of reason to experience were fruitful in the real world.
    47. "Human bliss," observed Franklin, "is produced not so much by great pieces of good fortune that seldom happen, as by little advantages that occur every day." Franklin typifies that aspect of the American character that is attentive to small details as well as over-all great plans. 48. The practical idealism of America lies in our capacity to work for our ideals step by step, to recognize that the perfect world is never achieved but that we may approach it gradually by a creative attentiveness to each aspect of life around us.
    In the American tradition Franklin stands as a man who preached thrift, frugality, industry and enterprise as the "way to wealth." 49. He grew to maturity in an American tradition that was older than he was, according to which such virtues as thrift and industry were not enough to bring a man success; he had also to practice charity and help his neighbor. Wealth was a token of esteem of the Divine Providence that governs men's affairs, and thus the accumulation of riches was not sought for its own sake alone. Furthermore, wealth and position, being marks of the divine favor, conferred an obligation; a successful man was a "steward," holding the world's goods in trust for the less fortunate.
    50. Being an American meant for Franklin a passionate love of country and a devotion to a democratic point of view in which the rights and liberties of his fellow men were guaranteed and protected. As her foremost citizen in the eyes of the world, he was the champion of her cause in Britain for more than a decade before the Revolution and her representative in France during the years of conflict. America was fortunate in having a man of his stature and ability to serve her during those years; the skills he had acquired in mastery of life and the world's affairs were brought to bear on the issues of state in patriotic service. An old hand at presenting "causes" in the public press, he presented the case for America in British newspapers and magazines-under various pseudonyms, just as he had done at home in his Pennsylvania Gazette.
    Part C
    一、試題解析
    46.Since ancient times, physicians have known that cerebral damage to the brain could affect
    (0.5分)
    language functions //, but a major breakthrough occurred in 1861 when Paul Broca, a young French
    (1分)
    surgeon, observed a patient // who suffered from paralysis of the right side of his body as well as the
    (0.5分)
    loss of speech.
    【解析】 本題考點是多重復合句的翻譯。本句是一個復雜復合句,基本結(jié)構(gòu)是一個并列句,由but連接,并列句的前半部分包含賓語從句,后半部分包含狀語從句以及定語從句。句子的主干為“…, physicians have known…”,句中的插入語a young French surgeon是Paul Broca的同位語,who引導限制性定語從句,修飾前面的patient。句中“a major breakthrough occurred when sb. do sth. …”與漢語習慣表達差異較大,翻譯時應該注意適當轉(zhuǎn)譯。本英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)復雜,因此翻譯成漢語時需要將意群拆開。
    【詞匯】詞匯釋義:句子中ancient指very old,絕非“遠古”的意思; cerebral的意思是“大腦的”,后文的to the brain對其做出了解釋;paralysis雖然既可以指“麻痹”,又可以指“癱瘓”,但是結(jié)合語境應該翻譯為“癱瘓”;loss of speech是一個術(shù)語,失語癥。
    可接受的翻譯
     不可接受的翻譯
    a major breakthrough occurred… : 取得了重大的突破;有了重大的突破
     一個專業(yè)的暫停通過……發(fā)生了;一個專業(yè)的突破發(fā)生了
    paralysis of the right side of his body: 右半身癱瘓;他的右半邊身體癱瘓
     與他的身體的右側(cè)平行;分析他身體的右邊
    loss of speech: 失語癥;失語;失去語言功能
     演講辭丟失;失言;說不出話來
    【譯文】長期以來,內(nèi)科醫(yī)生們一直認為腦損傷會影響語言功能,但是,1861年,年輕的法國外科醫(yī)生布洛卡通過對病人的觀察研究取得了重大的突破,他所觀察的病人右半身癱瘓并且患有失語癥。
    翻譯實例:
    例1: 很久以來,內(nèi)科醫(yī)師們已經(jīng)得知對大腦的損傷會影響到語言功能。但是,年輕的法國外科醫(yī)生布洛卡通過對病人進行觀察,于1861年取得了重大的突破,病人右半身癱瘓,并且患有失語癥。(2分)
    例2: 很長時間以來,內(nèi)科醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)知道損傷大腦會影響語言功能。但是1861年布洛卡作為一個年輕的法國外科醫(yī)生,觀察了右半身癱瘓并失去語言功能的病人,并在這個方面取得了重大的突破。(1.5分)
    例3: 從很早以前開始,醫(yī)生們就已經(jīng)知道傷害大腦會影響語言功能。但是一個主要的突破發(fā)生于1861年,當時一個年輕的法國外科醫(yī)生布洛卡觀察了一個病人,這個病人飽受右半身癱瘓和失去語言功能之苦。(1分)
    例4:從老早以前開始,醫(yī)生們就已經(jīng)知道故意的傷害大腦會影響語言起作用。但是1861年一個主要的突破發(fā)生了,當時一個年輕的法國醫(yī)生觀察了一個病人,這個病人飽受右半身平行和失去言辭之苦。(0.5分)
    例5:從遠古時代開始,物理學家就知道對大腦中央的損毀會影響到語言功能。但是1861年,卻出現(xiàn)了專業(yè)水平的突破,當時一個法國人耐心的觀察一只稚嫩的鴿子,發(fā)現(xiàn)它右半身平行,痛苦的說不出話來。(0分)
    46. As the successful engineer of ways to make the city he loved cleaner, safer and more attractive // he continually sponsored new institutions // that were proof that the applications of reason to experience were fruitful in the real world.
    【解析】 本題考點是多重復合句的翻譯。本句是一個復雜復合句。句首是由as引導的一個方式狀語,其中不定式做定語修飾前面的ways,句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是he continually sponsored new institutions,第一個that引導的定語從句修飾前面的institutions,而其中又包含一個that引導的同位語從句,解釋說明前面的proof。本英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)復雜,因此翻譯成漢語時需要將意群拆開,并且要進行詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化。
    【詞匯】詞匯釋義:句子中sponsor是“贊助、提供、支持”的意思。Reason在這里并不是“理由,原因”的意思,而是與經(jīng)驗相對的“思考,思辨”等意思。
    可接受的翻譯
     不可接受的翻譯
    the applications of reason to experience:將思辨應用到體驗中
     the applications of reason to experience:將原因應用到體驗中
    【譯文】作為一個成功的工程師,他用各種方式使自己熱愛的城市更潔凈,更安全,更吸引人。他不懈地支持新的機構(gòu),這些機構(gòu)都證明了,將思辨應用到體驗中在現(xiàn)實世界是富有成果的。
    翻譯實例:
    例1:作為一個成功的工程師,他用各種方式讓自己熱愛的城市變得更干凈、更安全、更富有魅力。他不斷地支持新的機構(gòu),這些都證明了,把思辨應用于體驗在現(xiàn)實世界中是卓有成效的。(2分)
    例2:作為一個成功的工程師,他用各種方法讓自己熱愛的城市變得更干凈、更安全、更有吸引力。他持續(xù)不斷地支持新成立的機構(gòu),這些證明了,把理智應用于體驗在現(xiàn)實世界中是會有收獲的。(1.5分)
    例3:作為一個成功的工程師,他用各種方法讓自己愛的城市變得更干凈、安全、有吸引力。他不斷地贊助新成立的機構(gòu),這些是把理智應用于體驗的證據(jù), 并在現(xiàn)實世界中取得收獲。(1分)
    例4:作為一個成功的工程師,他用各種方法讓自己愛的城市變得更干凈、安全、有吸引力。他不斷地贊助新成立的機構(gòu),理智到體驗的應用, 并在現(xiàn)實世界中有了成就。(0.5分)
    例5:作為成功的工程師,方法讓他愛的城市變得更干凈、安全、吸引人。他不斷地創(chuàng)立新機構(gòu),這些證據(jù)是把原因應用到體驗, 在現(xiàn)實世界中都是水果。(0分)
    47. "Human bliss," observed Franklin,// "is produced not so much by great pieces of good fortune that seldom happen, // as by little advantages that occur every day."
    【解析】 本題考點是詞組的翻譯。 not so much A as B的意思是“與其說A不如說B”,by表示方式。第一個that引導的定語從句修飾前面的fortune,后一個that引導的定語從句修飾前面的advantages。
    【詞匯】詞匯釋義:句子中observe并非“觀察”的意思,而是“評論,說”的意思;fortune 是“運氣、好運”而非“財富”的意思。
    可接受的翻譯
     不可接受的翻譯
    great pieces of good fortune that seldom happen:極少發(fā)生的大量的好運
     great pieces of good fortune that seldom happen:極少發(fā)生的大量財富
    【譯文】“人類的福祉,”富蘭克林說,“與其說是極少發(fā)生的大量的好運所造就,不如說是每天發(fā)生的小小的好處所造就?!?BR>    翻譯實例:
    例1:“人類的福祉,”弗蘭克林評論道,“與其說是由千載難逢的好運帶來的,不如說是由日常出現(xiàn)的小小優(yōu)勢所造就的?!?2分)
    例2:“人類的福氣,”弗蘭克林說道,“比起千載難逢的好運氣,它更多地是由日常出現(xiàn)的小小優(yōu)點所帶來的?!?1.5分)
    例3:“人類的福氣,”弗蘭克林評價價說,“由極少發(fā)生的好運所產(chǎn)生的,遠遠不如由天天發(fā)生的小小好處帶來得多?!?1分)
    例4:“人類的賜福,”弗蘭克林觀察道,“由從未發(fā)生的好運所產(chǎn)生的沒有天天發(fā)生的小小好處來得多?!?0.5分)
    例5:“上帝保佑我,”弗蘭克林觀察道,“被大量的好運所生產(chǎn),很少出現(xiàn);而被小小的利益,天天發(fā)生?!?0分)
    48. The practical idealism of America lies in our capacity to work for our ideals step by step, // to recognize that the perfect world is never achieved // but that we may approach it gradually by a creative attentiveness to each aspect of life around us.
    【解析】 本題考點是不定式做定語。 本句主干是The practical idealism of America lies in our capacity,后面兩個并列不定式短語to work for和to recognize做定語修飾capacity。Recognize后that…but that引導兩個并列的賓語從句。approach it中的it指的是前面的the perfect world。
    【詞匯】詞匯釋義:idealism在這里指的是“理想主義”,而ideals在這里指的是具體的“理想”。Step by step是“逐步的”在此引申為“按部就班的”。a creative attentiveness指的是“對事情的有創(chuàng)意的關(guān)注”。
    可接受的翻譯
     不可接受的翻譯
    The practical idealism of America:美國的實用理想主義,或美國的實用主義理想
     The practical idealism of America:美國現(xiàn)實的理想
    【譯文】美國的實用主義理想在于我們按部就班為理想而奮斗的能力,也在于能夠意識到完美世界永遠無法實現(xiàn),而只能以一種對我們周圍生活每一方面富有創(chuàng)意的關(guān)注來慢慢接近于它。
    翻譯實例:
    例1:美國的實用主義理想在于我們按部就班地為我們理想而奮斗的能力,還在于我們能夠意識到完美世界永遠無法實現(xiàn),而只能是通過我們對周圍生活方方面面富有創(chuàng)意的關(guān)注來逐步接近這個目標。(2分)
    例2:美國的實用主義理想在于我們一步步地為我們的理想而奮斗的能力,在于意識到完美世界永遠無法實現(xiàn),而只能是逐步接近這個目標,這要通過我們對周圍生活的每一方面的創(chuàng)造性的關(guān)心。 (1.5分)
    例3:美國現(xiàn)實的理想主義在于我們一步步地為奮斗去實現(xiàn)我們理想的能力,認識到完美世界永遠無法達到,而只能逐漸地接近目標,以我們對周圍生活的每一方面的創(chuàng)造性關(guān)心的方式來進行。(1分)
    例4:美國現(xiàn)實的理想在于我們的能力,能一步步地為理想而工作,確認完美世界從未實現(xiàn)過,但是逐漸地研究它,通過對我們周圍生活的每一方面的注意力。(0.5分)
    例5:美國現(xiàn)實的理想處于我們的能力,一步步為理想而工作,辨認出完美世界從未實現(xiàn)過,但是我們用逐漸的方式,通過創(chuàng)造我們的周圍生活。(0分)
    49. He grew to maturity in an American tradition // that was older than he was, // according to which such virtues as thrift and industry were not enough to bring a man success;
    【解析】 本題考點是多重復合句的翻譯。本句是一個復雜復合句,句子的主干為“…, He grew to maturity in an American tradition…”,后面that引導的限制性定語從句和which引導的非限制性定語從句都是用來修飾前面的tradition。
    【詞匯】詞匯釋義:maturity:成熟。Industry在這里是“勤奮,勤勞”的意思,而非“工業(yè),行業(yè)”
    可接受的翻譯
     不可接受的翻譯
    Indusrty:勤奮,勤勞
     Indusrty:工業(yè),行業(yè)
    【譯文】他在這樣一個美國傳統(tǒng)中成熟起來,這個傳統(tǒng)比他老,據(jù)此這些諸如節(jié)儉和勤奮的美德不足以帶給一個人成功。
    翻譯實例:
    例1:他在這樣的美國傳統(tǒng)中成熟起來,這個傳統(tǒng)的歷史比他的年齡都要長,據(jù)此諸如節(jié)儉和勤奮的這些美德還不足以讓一個人成功。(2分)
    例2:他在一種美國傳統(tǒng)中長大成熟,這個傳統(tǒng)的歷史比他古老;根據(jù)這個傳統(tǒng)比如節(jié)儉和勤奮,讓一個人成功還是不夠的。 (1.5分)
    例3:他在一種美國傳統(tǒng)中變得成熟,這個傳統(tǒng)的歷史比他要悠長;根據(jù)這個傳統(tǒng)像節(jié)儉和勤奮這樣的美德,還不夠讓人成功。(1分)
    例4:他在一種美國傳統(tǒng)中變成成熟,這個傳統(tǒng)比他老很多;根據(jù)節(jié)儉和工業(yè)這樣的美德,不足夠讓人成功。(0.5分)
    例5:他在一種美國傳統(tǒng)中變成成熟,這個傳統(tǒng)比他大很多;根據(jù)節(jié)儉和工業(yè)這樣的價值,不足夠以便于產(chǎn)生成功。(0分)
    50. Being an American meant for Franklin a passionate love of country // and a devotion to a democratic point of view // in which the rights and liberties of his fellow men were guaranteed and protected.
    【解析】 本題考點是多重復合句的翻譯。本句是一個復合句,句子的主干為“Being an American meant for Franklin a passionate love… and a devotion…”,which 引導的定語從句修飾前面的democratic point of view。
    【詞匯】詞匯釋義:Passionate love:熱愛。Devotion:奉獻,忠誠。Rights指的是“權(quán)利”。
    可接受的翻譯
     不可接受的翻譯
    a devotion to a democratic point of view:一種對民主觀點的忠誠
     a devotion to a democratic point of view:一種對民主觀點的致力
    the rights and liberties of his fellow men:他的同胞的權(quán)利和自由
     the rights and liberties of his fellow men:他的同胞的正確和自由
    【譯文】對于富蘭克林來說,作一個美國人意味著對國家的熱愛和對一種民主觀點的忠誠,在這種觀點里他的同胞權(quán)利和自由得以保證,受到保護。
    翻譯實例:
    例1:對于弗蘭克林來說,身為一個美國人意味著對這個國家的熱愛和對一種民主觀點的忠誠;在這種觀點里,他同胞的權(quán)利和自由得以保證,受到保護。(2分)
    例2:對弗蘭克林來說,作為一個美國人意味著對國家的熱愛和對一種民主觀點的熱愛;這種觀點保證和保護了他的同胞的權(quán)利和自由。 (1.5分)
    例3:作為美國人對弗蘭克林意味著對國家的熱愛和對一種民主觀點的致力;這種觀點保證和保護了他的伙伴的權(quán)利和自由。 (1分)
    例4:成為美國人對弗蘭克林就是愛國家和致力于一種民主觀點;在里面他的伙伴的正確和自由被保證和保護。(0.5分)
    例5:成為美國人意味著為弗蘭克林愛國家和對致力于民族的觀念;他的同伙的正確和解放被擔保。(0分)