OverviewoftheBankingIndustryinChina

字號(hào):

Overview of the Banking Industry in China
    I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China
    1.Although banks share many common features with other profit-seeking businesses, they play a unique role in the economy through mobilizing savings, allocating capital funds to finance productive investment, transmitting monetary policy, providing a payment system and transforming risks.
    盡管銀行與其他以盈利為目的的企業(yè)具有許多共同的特征,但它在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中還發(fā)揮著特殊的作用。銀行可以動(dòng)員儲(chǔ)蓄,為生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)投資調(diào)配資金,傳遞貨幣政策,提供支付系統(tǒng),轉(zhuǎn)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
    (1)整個(gè)第一段是由"連詞although……"引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句),意為"雖然;縱使;盡管……但……"。
    through介詞,后面跟了幾個(gè)并列的"動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)",有mobilizing…,allocating…,transmitting…,providing…,transforming…。
    (2)the banking industry in China
    banking:銀行業(yè)
    例:the banking industry in China:中國(guó)銀行業(yè)
    the banking sector:銀行業(yè)
    a banking crisis:銀行業(yè)危機(jī)
    banking hours:銀行營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間
    industry:①產(chǎn)業(yè)
    例:primary industry第一產(chǎn)業(yè);初級(jí)產(chǎn)業(yè)(從事初級(jí)原材料,如煤炭、木材、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)業(yè))
    secondary industry第二產(chǎn)業(yè);次級(jí)產(chǎn)業(yè)(從事利用初級(jí)原材料生產(chǎn)加工制成品的產(chǎn)業(yè))
    tertiary(service) industry第三產(chǎn)業(yè);服務(wù)行業(yè)(不生產(chǎn)原材料,也不生產(chǎn)加工制成品,而僅提供服務(wù)的產(chǎn)業(yè),例如銀行業(yè)、零售業(yè)、會(huì)計(jì)工作等)
    ②行業(yè)
    例:advertising industry:廣告業(yè)
    the insurance industry:保險(xiǎn)業(yè)
    ③sector:部門;部分
    例:All sectors of the economy suffered from the rise in the exchange rate.
    所有經(jīng)濟(jì)部門都受到匯率上升的影響。
    public sector:政府部門;公營(yíng)部門
    private sector:私營(yíng)部門
    (股票市場(chǎng)的)行業(yè);按行業(yè)(如銀行業(yè))分類上市股票
    (3)share common features:具有共同特征
    share: have a shareshare in sth):共有;分享;分擔(dān)
    例:to share losses(expenses):分擔(dān)損失(費(fèi)用)
    to share the blame(responsibility):分擔(dān)過(guò)失(責(zé)任)
    to share in profits:分享利益
    (4)profit-seeking business:以盈利為目的的企業(yè)
    business: shop; commercial enterprise,etc:商店;工商企業(yè)等
    (5)economy: ①(instance of) avoidance of waste of money,strength or anything else of value:節(jié)約;節(jié)儉
    例:to introduce economies(economy measures) into the system:實(shí)行節(jié)約措施
    economies of scale:規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)(通過(guò)增加產(chǎn)量來(lái)降低成本,提高利潤(rùn))
    ②system for the management and use of resources:經(jīng)濟(jì)(制度),一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況(一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)政金融狀況,一個(gè)國(guó)家賺錢、用錢的方式)
    例:controlled economy:受政府控制的經(jīng)濟(jì)
    free market economy:自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)(政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)不進(jìn)行任何形式的干預(yù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度)
    global economy:全球經(jīng)濟(jì)
    mixed economy:混合經(jīng)濟(jì)(既有國(guó)有工業(yè)也有私人企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度)
    planned economy:計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)(政府對(duì)所有經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行計(jì)劃的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度)
    (6)to mobilize savings:動(dòng)員儲(chǔ)蓄
    mobilize: v.collect together for service or use:動(dòng)員(尤指戰(zhàn)勝敵人的動(dòng)員)
    例:to mobilize capital
    慕集資金以支持某事
    to mobilize resources to defend a takeover bid
    求得股東等的支持以阻止公司被收購(gòu)
    (7)allocate capital funds to finance productive investment為生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)投資調(diào)配資金
    allocate (to/for):give,put on one side, as a share or for a purpose:按計(jì)劃分配;配給
    例:to allocate shares:分配股份(將可供股票數(shù)目在大批申請(qǐng)購(gòu)股人之間進(jìn)行分配)
    to allocate capital funds:分配資金;調(diào)配資金
    We allocate 10% of yearly revenue to advertisement.我們把10%的年收入用于廣告。
    (8)finance: vt.provide money for (a scheme,etc):v.提供資金
    例:to finance an operation:為一項(xiàng)目提供資金
    (9)capital funds:資本金;資金
    例:capital assets:資本資產(chǎn)(公司擁有并使用的房地產(chǎn)或機(jī)器等)
    capital goods:資本品,生產(chǎn)資料(用于制造其他產(chǎn)品的商品,如機(jī)器設(shè)備等)
    capital profit:資本盈余,資本利潤(rùn)(資產(chǎn)變賣所得利潤(rùn))
    (10)monetary policy:貨幣政策
    monetary: a.of money or a currency:貨幣的;通貨的
    例:monetary control:貨幣控制(控制貨幣供應(yīng)量)
    the government's monetary policy政府的貨幣政策(與金融有關(guān)的政府政策,如貨幣供應(yīng)量、銀行利率、政府支出與借款)
    monetary standard:貨幣本位(為貨幣固定比價(jià),如把貨幣的價(jià)值同一定量黃金掛鉤、稱金本位制)
    manetary targets:貨幣目標(biāo)(政府在制定第二年預(yù)算時(shí)所確定的一些數(shù)字,如貨幣供應(yīng)量、公共部門借款需求等)
    monetary unit:貨幣單位(一國(guó)的或國(guó)家集團(tuán)內(nèi)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貨幣,如人民幣的元、英鎊、美元、法郎、非洲金融共同體法郎、歐共體貨幣單位等)
    the international monetary system:國(guó)際貨幣體系(國(guó)與國(guó)之間控制貨幣和兌換貨幣的方式)
    the International Monetary Fund(IMF):國(guó)際貨幣基金組織
    (11)to transform risks轉(zhuǎn)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn);轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
    risk: n.(instance of) possibility or chance of meeting danger,suffering loss,injury,etc:風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(可能的損害或危害);危險(xiǎn)
    例:to run a risk:冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(很可能遭受損害)
    to take a risk:承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(做可能使自己損失錢財(cái)或遭受傷害的事)
    1.First, banks serve as a principal repository of liquid funds for the public.
    第一,銀行是社會(huì)流動(dòng)資金的集散地。
    (1)serve: v.be satisfactory for a need or purpose:利于,合適;可作……用(與as或for連用)
    例:A worm will serve as bait.蛹可作餌用。
    This room will serve for the office.這個(gè)房間可作辦公室用。
    (2)the public:members of the community in general:公眾;民眾(此處引伸為"整個(gè)社會(huì)")
    (3)principal repository:主要集散地;樞紐
    principal: a.highest in order of importance:最重要的
    repository:place where things are or may be stored:n.倉(cāng)庫(kù),儲(chǔ)藏所(此處引伸為"集散地,集散中心")
    (4)liquid funds:流動(dòng)資金
    liquid: a.easily sold or changed into cash:易變現(xiàn)的,含有大量現(xiàn)金的,流動(dòng)的
    例:liquid assets:流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)(指現(xiàn)金或易變現(xiàn)票據(jù))
    to go liquid:將(盡可能多的)資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)金
    liquid market:流動(dòng)市場(chǎng),交易旺盛的市場(chǎng)(某種證券的市場(chǎng),這個(gè)市場(chǎng)有足夠的股票可供出售而不扭曲價(jià)格。其反義詞是thin market:交易清淡的市場(chǎng))
    2.The safety and availability of such funds for transactions and other purposes are essential to the stability and efficiency of the       financial system.
    銀行吸納的資金可用于儲(chǔ)戶的日常交易或其他目的,這種資金的安全性和可獲得性,對(duì)保證金融體系的穩(wěn)定和效率至關(guān)重要。
    (1)be essential to:對(duì)……至關(guān)重要
    essential: a.necessary;indispensable;most important
    (2)stability: n.quality of being stable:穩(wěn)定性;安定
    (3)efficiency: n.state or quality of being efficient:效力;效率
    efficient: a.producing a desired or satisfactory result:有效力的;有效率的
    (4)the financial system:金融體系
    ①financial: a.of finance:金融的;財(cái)務(wù)的
    例:financial institutions:金融機(jī)構(gòu)(從事證券投資業(yè)務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu),比如銀行同業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)、養(yǎng)老基金或保險(xiǎn)公司)
    financial intermediary:金融中介(從事吸收存款、發(fā)放貸款業(yè)務(wù)的金融機(jī)構(gòu),包括銀行、租賃公司及各種類型的金融機(jī)構(gòu))
    financial instrument:金融工具(在股票市場(chǎng)或其他金融市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行的任何形式的投資,如購(gòu)買股票、政府債券、大額存單、匯票等)
    ②system:group of things or parts working together in a regular relation:系統(tǒng),體制;制度
    例:a payment system:支付體系,支付系統(tǒng)
    the whole financial system:整個(gè)金融系統(tǒng)
    banking system:銀行體系
    information system:信息系統(tǒng)
    monetary(money) system:貨幣制度
    Paragraph 3
    3.Second, by channeling savings to productive investments, banks play a key role in facilitating efficient allocation of scarce          financial resources.
    第二,銀行通過(guò)將儲(chǔ)蓄引導(dǎo)到生產(chǎn)性投資領(lǐng)域,在有效配置有限的金融資源方面起著關(guān)鍵的作用。
    (1)channel……(to): v.cause to go through a channel:使經(jīng)過(guò)某種路線前進(jìn);引導(dǎo)
    channel: n.any way by which news,ideas,etc may travel:(消息,意見等傳播的)途徑;路線;方法
    (2)savings: n.money saved up:(復(fù))儲(chǔ)金;儲(chǔ)蓄
    例:keep one‘s savings in a bank:把儲(chǔ)蓄的錢存在銀行
    savings account:儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶
    (3)productive investments:生產(chǎn)性投資(領(lǐng)域)
    (4)to play a unique role (in):發(fā)揮著特殊作用
    to play a key role (in):起著關(guān)鍵作用
    (5)to facilitate efficient allocation of:有效配置……
    facilitate: vt.make easy;lessen the difficulty of:使容易;使便利
    (6)scarce financial resources:有限的(稀缺的)金融資源
    scarce: a.not available in sufficient quantity; not equal to the demand:缺乏的;稀罕的
    Paragraph 4
    4.Third, banks serve to transmit the impulses of monetary policy to the whole financial system and ultimately to the real economy.
    第三,銀行將貨幣政策的變化趨勢(shì)傳導(dǎo)到整個(gè)金融系統(tǒng)并最終至實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)部門。
    (1)transmit (to): v.pass or hand on;send on:傳送;傳遞
    (2)the impulse of monetary policy:貨幣政策態(tài)勢(shì)(傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制,調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制)
    impulse: n.tendency to act without reflection:不假思索而行事的頃向
    sudden inclination to act without thought about the consequences:沖動(dòng)
    (3)the real economy:實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)部門
    real: a.existing in fact:真實(shí)的;
    (價(jià)格等)實(shí)際的(按照通貨膨脹率重新調(diào)整過(guò)的)
    例:real income(real wages):實(shí)際收入(實(shí)際工資)(扣除所得稅并排除通貨膨脹因素后的可支配收入)
    real interest rate:實(shí)際利率(考慮通貨膨脹后的利率)
    real value:實(shí)際價(jià)值(通過(guò)指數(shù)化等方法保持不變的投資價(jià)值)
    1.Fourth, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems.
    第四,銀行部門為現(xiàn)代財(cái)政和企業(yè)體制的發(fā)展提供必要的國(guó)家支付體系。
    (1)the indispensable national payment mechanism:必要的國(guó)家支付體系
    indispensable:a.不可缺少的;絕對(duì)必要的
    mechanism: n.way in which sth works or is constructed:機(jī)制;結(jié)構(gòu)
    例:competitive mechanism:競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制
    exchange rate mechanism:匯率機(jī)制
    market mechanism:市場(chǎng)機(jī)制
    price mechanism:價(jià)格機(jī)制
    mechanism of exchange:交易機(jī)構(gòu)
    mechanism of government:政府機(jī)構(gòu)
    (2)modern financial and business systems:現(xiàn)代財(cái)務(wù)制度和工商企業(yè)體系