英語詞匯 中文釋義 詳細(xì)注解
accounting equation 會(huì)計(jì)等式 The fundamental balance sheet equation: assets = liabilities + net worth.
Accounting principles board (APB) 會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì) 由美國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)（American Institute of Certified Public Accoutans）指派之會(huì)計(jì)團(tuán)體，其主要功能是制定經(jīng)濟(jì)交易事項(xiàng)的會(huì)計(jì)原則。該團(tuán)體于1973年已由財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)（Financial Accounting Standards Board ; FASB）取代。
Accounts payable 應(yīng)付賬款 1.公司以賒賬方式購進(jìn)商品、原物料及其他交易事項(xiàng)所產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)付未付款。應(yīng)付賬款一般于短期必須償付，會(huì)計(jì)上列為流動(dòng)負(fù)債，在財(cái)務(wù)的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)付賬款可視為視供應(yīng)商對(duì)公司的短期資金融通。
2.Money which a company owes to vendors for products and services purchased on credit. This item appears on the company‘s balance sheet as a current liability, since the expectation is that the liability will be fulfilled in less than a year. When accounts payable are paid off, it represents a negative cash flow for the company.
accounts receivable aging 應(yīng)收賬款賬齡 A periodic report showing all outstanding receivable balances, broken down by customer and month due.
Accounts receivable financing 應(yīng)收賬款融資 1.企業(yè)將銷貨或營(yíng)運(yùn)產(chǎn)生之應(yīng)收賬款讓售（factoring）以取得短期資金的一種融通方式。
2.The selling of a company‘s accounts receivable, at a discount, to a factor, who then assumes the risk of the account debtors and receives cash as the debtors settle their accounts. A firm that sells its accounts receivable may not be confident of its ability to collect those debts, or might think that the cost of collecting that debt is more than the discount which must be provided to the factor when of selling their receivables. also called accounts receivable financing.
accounts receivable turnover 應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù) The average duration of an account receivable, equal to total credit sales divided by accounts receivable.
Accounts receivable 應(yīng)收賬款 公司以賒賬方式銷售商品、提供勞務(wù)或其他交易事項(xiàng)所產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)收未收款。應(yīng)收賬款一般于短期內(nèi)收現(xiàn)，列為流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)，是公司日常營(yíng)運(yùn)的必要投資，也是公司對(duì)客戶的短期資金融通。
accredited investor 合格投資者 The SEC designation for an individual or entity meeting any of the criteria listed below. Certain restricted offerings, limited partnerships, and angel investor networks are open only to accredited investors. opposite of nonaccredited investor.
SEC criteria:
Any director, executive officer, or general partner of the issuer of the securities being offered or sold, or any director, executive officer or general partner of a general partner of that issuer.
Any natural person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with that person’s spouse, at the time of his purchase exceeds $1,000,000.
Any natural person who had individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with that person’s spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year.
Any trust with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, whose purchase of the securities is directed by a person who has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that he is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment.
Any organization that was not formed for the purpose of acquiring the securities being sold, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000.
And, any entity in which all of the equity owners are Accredited Investors.
accreted value 遞增價(jià)值 The current value of your zero-coupon municipal bond, taking into account interest that has been accumulating and automatically reinvested in the bond.
accreting swap 遞增互換 非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)利率互換的一種，遞減互換的對(duì)稱，指在整個(gè)互換交易期間，資本額由小到大逐步增加的一種非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)利率互換。遞增互換比較適合借款額在項(xiàng)目期內(nèi)逐漸增多的要求。
Accretion 增值 1.折價(jià)債券在到期時(shí)，由于價(jià)格逐漸接近面值所累積的資本利得。
2.Asset growth, by internal expansion or acquisition.
accretion bond 遞增債券 Often the last tranche in a CMO, the accretion bond, or Z-tranche, receives no cash payments for an extended period of time until the previous tranches are retired. While the other tranches are outstanding, the Z-tranche receives credit for periodic interest payments that increase its face value but are not paid out. When the other tranches are retired, the Z-tranche begins to receive cash payments that include both principal and continuing interest.
Accrual accounting 權(quán)責(zé)會(huì)計(jì) 在發(fā)生的時(shí)點(diǎn)認(rèn)列收益或費(fèi)用，而非以現(xiàn)金收付與否為準(zhǔn)的會(huì)計(jì)方法。也稱為應(yīng)記基礎(chǔ)會(huì)計(jì)。
accrual basis （權(quán)責(zé)）發(fā)生制原則 （權(quán)責(zé)）應(yīng)計(jì)基準(zhǔn) 1.會(huì)計(jì)記賬方法，按收入和支出權(quán)責(zé)的實(shí)際發(fā)生時(shí)間來記賬，而不理會(huì)是否已經(jīng)收到或支出款項(xiàng)。與此方式相對(duì)的另一種記賬方法為現(xiàn)金準(zhǔn)則（cash basis)記賬法。
2.The most commonly used accounting method, which reports income when earned and expenses when incurred, as opposed to cash basis accounting, which reports income when received and expenses when paid. Under the accrual method, companies do have some discretion as to when income and expenses are recognized, but there are rules governing the recognition. In addition, companies are required to make prudent estimates against revenues that are recorded but may not be received, called a bad debt expense.
Accrual bond 應(yīng)記債券 1.又稱Z債券，是擔(dān)保抵押債券的一個(gè)分類，通常以遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于面值的價(jià)格出售。它以事先約定的利率計(jì)息，但利息不是直接支付給投資者，而是計(jì)入尚未償付的本金余額。這一累積過程一直持續(xù)到債券價(jià)值接近本金，后發(fā)的債券已購回，累積債券變成持續(xù)付款的債券。此時(shí)，累積債券開始償付本金。
2.A bond which pays no coupons, is sold at a deep discount to its face value, and matures at its face value. An accrual bond has the important advantage of being free of reinvestment risk, though the downside is that there is no opportunity to enjoy the effects of a rise in market interest rates. Also, such bonds tend to be very sensitive to changes in interest rates, since there are no coupon payments to reduce the impact of interest rate changes. In addition, markets for zero-coupon bonds are relatively illiquid. Under U.S. tax law, the imputed interest on a zero-coupon bond is taxable as it accrues, even though there is no cash flow. also called zero-coupon bond.
accrual discount 應(yīng)計(jì)貼現(xiàn) 1.低于面值購入的貼現(xiàn)債券，每年應(yīng)將貼現(xiàn)收入攤?cè)胭~面價(jià)值。
2.The annual addition to book value contributed by bonds purchased below.
accrued benefit 應(yīng)計(jì)收益 Pension benefit that an employee has earned based on his or her years of service at a company. Accrued benefits are often calculated in relation to the employee‘s salary scale.
accrued dividend 應(yīng)計(jì)股利 A regular dividend that is considered to be earned but not declared or payable.
Accrued interest 應(yīng)付利息 待付利息 1.已發(fā)生而尚未支付的利息費(fèi)用。
2.自上次利息支付后累計(jì)的債券利息。這種債券的購買者要支付市場(chǎng)價(jià)加累計(jì)的應(yīng)計(jì)利息。被違約債券和收益?zhèn)辉诖死?BR> 3.Interest that is due on a bond or other fixed income security since the last interest payment was made. This often occurs for bonds purchased on the secondary market, since bonds usually pay interest every six months, but the interest is accrued by the bondholders on a day-to-day basis. When a bond is sold, the buyer pays the seller the market price plus the accrued interest, for which the buyer will be reimbursed when the issuer pays next pays interest. Accrued interest is calculated on a 30-day month/360-day year for corporate bonds and municipal bonds, and on actual-calendar-days for Government bonds. Income bonds and bonds in default trade without accrued interest. When calculating accrued interest on a bond that is being sold, it is conventional to consider the time period from the most recent payment up to, but not including, the date on which the bond sale is settled.
4.Interest that a company owes, a current liability on the balance sheet.
Accrued market discount 應(yīng)計(jì)市場(chǎng)折價(jià) 1.指折價(jià)發(fā)行的債券隨著到期日的接近，而產(chǎn)生的債券價(jià)值的上升利得。
2.An increase in the market price of a discounted bond resulting from an approaching maturity date, rather than from declining interest rates. The increase occurs because the bond holder will also receive payout at par upon maturity, so the price of the bond will increase gradually as maturity approaches.
accounting equation 會(huì)計(jì)等式 The fundamental balance sheet equation: assets = liabilities + net worth.
Accounting principles board (APB) 會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì) 由美國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)（American Institute of Certified Public Accoutans）指派之會(huì)計(jì)團(tuán)體，其主要功能是制定經(jīng)濟(jì)交易事項(xiàng)的會(huì)計(jì)原則。該團(tuán)體于1973年已由財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)（Financial Accounting Standards Board ; FASB）取代。
Accounts payable 應(yīng)付賬款 1.公司以賒賬方式購進(jìn)商品、原物料及其他交易事項(xiàng)所產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)付未付款。應(yīng)付賬款一般于短期必須償付，會(huì)計(jì)上列為流動(dòng)負(fù)債，在財(cái)務(wù)的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)付賬款可視為視供應(yīng)商對(duì)公司的短期資金融通。
2.Money which a company owes to vendors for products and services purchased on credit. This item appears on the company‘s balance sheet as a current liability, since the expectation is that the liability will be fulfilled in less than a year. When accounts payable are paid off, it represents a negative cash flow for the company.
accounts receivable aging 應(yīng)收賬款賬齡 A periodic report showing all outstanding receivable balances, broken down by customer and month due.
Accounts receivable financing 應(yīng)收賬款融資 1.企業(yè)將銷貨或營(yíng)運(yùn)產(chǎn)生之應(yīng)收賬款讓售（factoring）以取得短期資金的一種融通方式。
2.The selling of a company‘s accounts receivable, at a discount, to a factor, who then assumes the risk of the account debtors and receives cash as the debtors settle their accounts. A firm that sells its accounts receivable may not be confident of its ability to collect those debts, or might think that the cost of collecting that debt is more than the discount which must be provided to the factor when of selling their receivables. also called accounts receivable financing.
accounts receivable turnover 應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù) The average duration of an account receivable, equal to total credit sales divided by accounts receivable.
Accounts receivable 應(yīng)收賬款 公司以賒賬方式銷售商品、提供勞務(wù)或其他交易事項(xiàng)所產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)收未收款。應(yīng)收賬款一般于短期內(nèi)收現(xiàn)，列為流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)，是公司日常營(yíng)運(yùn)的必要投資，也是公司對(duì)客戶的短期資金融通。
accredited investor 合格投資者 The SEC designation for an individual or entity meeting any of the criteria listed below. Certain restricted offerings, limited partnerships, and angel investor networks are open only to accredited investors. opposite of nonaccredited investor.
SEC criteria:
Any director, executive officer, or general partner of the issuer of the securities being offered or sold, or any director, executive officer or general partner of a general partner of that issuer.
Any natural person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with that person’s spouse, at the time of his purchase exceeds $1,000,000.
Any natural person who had individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with that person’s spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year.
Any trust with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, whose purchase of the securities is directed by a person who has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that he is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment.
Any organization that was not formed for the purpose of acquiring the securities being sold, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000.
And, any entity in which all of the equity owners are Accredited Investors.
accreted value 遞增價(jià)值 The current value of your zero-coupon municipal bond, taking into account interest that has been accumulating and automatically reinvested in the bond.
accreting swap 遞增互換 非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)利率互換的一種，遞減互換的對(duì)稱，指在整個(gè)互換交易期間，資本額由小到大逐步增加的一種非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)利率互換。遞增互換比較適合借款額在項(xiàng)目期內(nèi)逐漸增多的要求。
Accretion 增值 1.折價(jià)債券在到期時(shí)，由于價(jià)格逐漸接近面值所累積的資本利得。
2.Asset growth, by internal expansion or acquisition.
accretion bond 遞增債券 Often the last tranche in a CMO, the accretion bond, or Z-tranche, receives no cash payments for an extended period of time until the previous tranches are retired. While the other tranches are outstanding, the Z-tranche receives credit for periodic interest payments that increase its face value but are not paid out. When the other tranches are retired, the Z-tranche begins to receive cash payments that include both principal and continuing interest.
Accrual accounting 權(quán)責(zé)會(huì)計(jì) 在發(fā)生的時(shí)點(diǎn)認(rèn)列收益或費(fèi)用，而非以現(xiàn)金收付與否為準(zhǔn)的會(huì)計(jì)方法。也稱為應(yīng)記基礎(chǔ)會(huì)計(jì)。
accrual basis （權(quán)責(zé)）發(fā)生制原則 （權(quán)責(zé)）應(yīng)計(jì)基準(zhǔn) 1.會(huì)計(jì)記賬方法，按收入和支出權(quán)責(zé)的實(shí)際發(fā)生時(shí)間來記賬，而不理會(huì)是否已經(jīng)收到或支出款項(xiàng)。與此方式相對(duì)的另一種記賬方法為現(xiàn)金準(zhǔn)則（cash basis)記賬法。
2.The most commonly used accounting method, which reports income when earned and expenses when incurred, as opposed to cash basis accounting, which reports income when received and expenses when paid. Under the accrual method, companies do have some discretion as to when income and expenses are recognized, but there are rules governing the recognition. In addition, companies are required to make prudent estimates against revenues that are recorded but may not be received, called a bad debt expense.
Accrual bond 應(yīng)記債券 1.又稱Z債券，是擔(dān)保抵押債券的一個(gè)分類，通常以遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于面值的價(jià)格出售。它以事先約定的利率計(jì)息，但利息不是直接支付給投資者，而是計(jì)入尚未償付的本金余額。這一累積過程一直持續(xù)到債券價(jià)值接近本金，后發(fā)的債券已購回，累積債券變成持續(xù)付款的債券。此時(shí)，累積債券開始償付本金。
2.A bond which pays no coupons, is sold at a deep discount to its face value, and matures at its face value. An accrual bond has the important advantage of being free of reinvestment risk, though the downside is that there is no opportunity to enjoy the effects of a rise in market interest rates. Also, such bonds tend to be very sensitive to changes in interest rates, since there are no coupon payments to reduce the impact of interest rate changes. In addition, markets for zero-coupon bonds are relatively illiquid. Under U.S. tax law, the imputed interest on a zero-coupon bond is taxable as it accrues, even though there is no cash flow. also called zero-coupon bond.
accrual discount 應(yīng)計(jì)貼現(xiàn) 1.低于面值購入的貼現(xiàn)債券，每年應(yīng)將貼現(xiàn)收入攤?cè)胭~面價(jià)值。
2.The annual addition to book value contributed by bonds purchased below.
accrued benefit 應(yīng)計(jì)收益 Pension benefit that an employee has earned based on his or her years of service at a company. Accrued benefits are often calculated in relation to the employee‘s salary scale.
accrued dividend 應(yīng)計(jì)股利 A regular dividend that is considered to be earned but not declared or payable.
Accrued interest 應(yīng)付利息 待付利息 1.已發(fā)生而尚未支付的利息費(fèi)用。
2.自上次利息支付后累計(jì)的債券利息。這種債券的購買者要支付市場(chǎng)價(jià)加累計(jì)的應(yīng)計(jì)利息。被違約債券和收益?zhèn)辉诖死?BR> 3.Interest that is due on a bond or other fixed income security since the last interest payment was made. This often occurs for bonds purchased on the secondary market, since bonds usually pay interest every six months, but the interest is accrued by the bondholders on a day-to-day basis. When a bond is sold, the buyer pays the seller the market price plus the accrued interest, for which the buyer will be reimbursed when the issuer pays next pays interest. Accrued interest is calculated on a 30-day month/360-day year for corporate bonds and municipal bonds, and on actual-calendar-days for Government bonds. Income bonds and bonds in default trade without accrued interest. When calculating accrued interest on a bond that is being sold, it is conventional to consider the time period from the most recent payment up to, but not including, the date on which the bond sale is settled.
4.Interest that a company owes, a current liability on the balance sheet.
Accrued market discount 應(yīng)計(jì)市場(chǎng)折價(jià) 1.指折價(jià)發(fā)行的債券隨著到期日的接近，而產(chǎn)生的債券價(jià)值的上升利得。
2.An increase in the market price of a discounted bond resulting from an approaching maturity date, rather than from declining interest rates. The increase occurs because the bond holder will also receive payout at par upon maturity, so the price of the bond will increase gradually as maturity approaches.